This memorandum discusses TORY II-C reactor control and reactor kinetics during simplified boost trajectories. Reactor start-up, power excursions, and automated control systems are investigated.

Explosion containment vessels for containing from 2,000 to 3,000 five ton nuclear explosions are considered. Analysis methods appear adequate and lowest weights using the most advanced materials available in the next five years are projected.None of these materials can be fabricated today and all require extensive development. Present material technology limits the choice of materials and defines the weight. The addition of safety factors and fixtures (nozzles, etc.) will add to this weight considerably, and may well radically alter the vessel response. Improvements in the strength weight ratios of metals and glasses over those considered in this report do not appear reasonable at this time. Winding schemes to utilize the high strength of steel wires and somehow maintain a reasonable thickness appear to offer the most promise. A `ductile` beryllium would of course offer vast improvement, but no indications that this is being developed have appeared and all presently known beryllium is much too brittle.

In Part One they formulate in a general way the problem of analyzing and evaluating the aberrations of quadrupole magnet beam systems, and of characterizing the shapes and other properties of the beam envelopes in the neighborhood of foci. They consider all aberrations, including those due to misalignments and faulty construction, through third order in small parameters, for quadrupole beam systems. One result of this study is the development of analytic and numerical techniques for treating these aberrations, yielding useful expressions for the comparison of the aberrations of different beam systems. A second result of this study is a comprehensive digital computer program that determines the magnitude and nature of the aberrations of such beam systems. The code, using linear programming techniques, will adjust the parameters of a beam system to obtain specified optical properties and to reduce the magnitude of aberrations that limit the performance of that system. They examine numerically, in detail, the aberrations of two typical beam systems. In Part Two, they examine the problem of extracting the proton beam from a synchrotron of 'H' type magnet construction. They describe the optical studies that resulted in the design of an external beam from the Bevatron that is …

A milking method was developed for the production of the short-lived Al/ sup 28/ for use in physiological experiments. A Mg/sup 28/ solution is obtained by the irradiation and purification of a Li/sup 6/Mg/sup 26/ alloy, and it is placed on a Dowex 50W column in the Na/sup +/ form and then washed with 1 N NaOH. The Al/sup 28/ is eluted in 10 to 30 sec by 1 N NaOH solution containing 0.5 mg/ ml of carrier Al. The half lives of Mg/sup 28/ and Al/sup 28/ were determined to be 20.88 plus or minus 0.06 hr and 2.238 plus or minus 0.006 min, respectively. (D.L.C.)

The design and performance of SRE Core II fuel elements, moderator cans, hot traps, cold traps, control elements, pumps, main primary heat exchanger, valves and sodium piping, and instrumentation are discussed. (R.E.U.)

Report documenting the progress of the Army Gas-Cooled Reactor Systems Program to develop a mobile nuclear power plant for military field operation.

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The conversion of strontium-90 to strontium titanate heat source pellets is described. Encapsulation of the fuel in Hastelloy C containers and necessary leak testing, decontamination and calorimetry procedures are covered. Loading of the SNAP 7B thermoelectric generator was accomplished. (auth)

Additional measurements were made of steam-void fraction, temperatures, and pressures in the KEWB capsule experiment. Analysis of data indicated that friction in the volume transducer piston was large during most of the transients. The dynamic piston friction was reduced to negligible magnitudes. A method for calculating the transient heat flux from the fuel disc was formulated. Boiling stability experiments were begun with a 2-ft-long rod bundle, consisting of a square array of 18 stainless-steel rods 0.25-in. dia, spaced on 0.312-in. centers. The rods are electrically heated in a natural-circulation loop, at one atmosphere pressure. A survey was began on theories and data on hydrodynamic instabilities in natural-circulation boiling systems. Preparation of apparatus for measurement of flow-void transfer functions in a SPERT IA channel was essentially completed. (M.C.G.)

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Pressure oscillations imposed upon a compressible fluid flowing in a duct produce a substandtial increase of heat transfer between the heated duct wall and the fluid. An experimental investigation was made of the causes of this increase. Resonant conditions in a duct were used to achieve increased oscillating amplitudes. The local heat transfer incresse was found to be highly dependent on the amplitude of the local velocity oscillations, and to depend also on the frequency of oscillations and the duct steadystate pressure and Mach number. The presence of flow reversal further increased the observed heat transfer.

The operations in a process proposed for recovering uranium from spent uranium-- zirconium alloy fuels, including collecting the volatilized chlorination products (mainiy zirconium tetrachioride and uranium pentachloride) in boiling water, concentrating the resulting solution, lowering the freezing point by removing chloride with hydrogen peroxide, and recovering uranium from the 5 M Zr product solution by solvent extraction with tributyl phosphate in Amsco diluent, were investigated in the laboratory and appeared to be reducible to large-scale practice. The high temperature chlorination equipment would also be adaptable for burning graphite matrix fuels and when combined with Darex equipment for processing fuels containing stainless steel, molybdenum, or aluminum may provide the basis for a feasible universal fuel processing system. (auth)

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Development progress is reported on fast reactors, liquid metal cooled reactors, ZPR-III, ZPR-VI, ZPR-IX, Borax-V, Faret, EBR-I, EBR-II, Treat, Fermi Fast Breeder Reactor, critical assemblies, Argonne Fast Source Reactor, EBWR, Argonne Advanced Research Reactor, magnetohydrodynamic cells, fuel cells, and boiling water reactors. Reactor technology is reported on fuel development and properties, physics, heat engineering, materials development, chemical separations, nuclear safety, and nondestructive testing. (N.W.R.)

An investigation was conducted on the impossible use of beta radiation to promote chemical reactions at high temperatures and pressures. The advantages of beta sources over other radiation sources are enumerated. A radiation processing apparatus is described which allows operations to 10,000 psi and 500 deg C and uses 90 C of Sr/sup 90/-Y/sup 90/. The dosimetry of the source was accomplished with an iodineheptane system, and the mean dose rate within the chemical reactor was determined to be 0.98 x 10/sup 6/ rad/hr. The radiation utilization efficiency in the dosimetry measurements was determined to be 34.7%. Results of runs on hydrogenation of coal extract indicate that radiation does not increase the extent of hydrogenation, but that radiation reduces the content of hetero atoms N and S in the 100 x 400 deg C boiling oil products. The use of beta radiation in the hydrorefining of oils is suggested. (D.L.C.)

Research and development progress is reported on BORAX-V, fast-reactor physics, fast-reactor fuel, EBRII, FARET, applied nuclear physics, theoretical nuclear physics, reactor fuels, reactor materials, metallurgy alpha - gamma hot cell, heat engineering research, chemical separations, plutonium recycle program, magnetohydrodynamics, rocket fuel test reactor, nuclear safety, and TREAT. (M.C.G.)

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Current-voltage characteristics of a cesium-on-tantalum thermionic converter with a collector temperature comparable to that of the emitter were obtained for a variety of electrode temperatures and cesium vapor pressures. The results show that for emitter temperatures in excess of 2000 deg K, power outputs of a few watts per square centimeter can be obtained when the ratio of collector temperature to emitter temperature is as high as 0.75 to 0.80, which is the required range for best performance of a radiation-cooled Carnot engine, and that at temperature ratios above 0.80 the power output is insensitive to changes in electrode spacing for ratios of spacing to electron mean free path greater than 100 at a cesium vapor pressure of 5 torr. (auth)

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The salt velocity technique for measuring coolant flow through a SNAP 8 tri-cusp channel was studied and developed. The parameters important in obtaining reproducible data were investigated and a test procedure, which yields dath of good precision, was developed. Dath were taken on a tri-cusp channel with flush circular electrodes (0.125 inch O.D.) as well as on a tri-cusp channel with parallel plate electrodes (0.006 inches thick, 0.250 inches long), which were situated 0.050 inches apart and protruded 0.040 inches into the stream. The data are presented as the ratio of U/sub exp//U/sub avg/ where U/sub avg/ is calculated by means of a flowrator and channel geometry. It was found that in the tri-cusp channel for a range of Reynolds Numbers of 11,000 to 25,000, a radial velocity profile could not be sensed. The peripheral velocity profile over the central baif of the cbannel appeared to be flat and relatively.independent of the Reynolds Number. The data were compared with similar work of Palmer and Swanson in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Reasons are given for using a single calibration factor in the hydraulic model testing of S8DS core. While some slight modifications should be made to further improve the accuracy …

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The bremsstrahlung emitted by an electron scattered in a Coulomb field was first calculated by Bethe and Heitler. The total cross section for production of photons with wave number between k and k + dk by a nonrelativistic electron of kinetic energy {epsilon} is d{sigma}/dk dk = 16/3 Z{sup 2}r{sub 0}{sup 2} (e{sup 2}/hc) (mc{sup 2}/{epsilon})log ({radical} {epsilon}/hck + {radical} {epsilon}/hck -1) dk/k, where Ze is the charge of the (heavy) ion, and r{sub 0} is the classical electron radius. Bremsstrahlung in a plasma has been computed by a number of authors in the approximation of replacing the Coulomb field by a cut-off Coulomb or static Debye potential. It is the purpose of this communication to call attention to another important effect of the medium upon the rate of emission of bremsstrahlung. This may be described as a modification of the relation of the photon's energy to its wave number, due to the index of refraction of the medium. Equivalently, we note that one must include in the calculation of bremsstrahlung in a medium the photon-medium interactions which result in the 'clothing' of a 'bare' photon. The replacement of a particle by a quasiparticle has long been known to be …

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