Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions and presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Group performance of specially choreographed music and dance numbers mixing different forms of folk dance and songs of ritual occasions presented in the State Level Lui-Ngai-Ni (Naga Seed Sowing festival) held in Kapaam village in Chandel District, Manipur.

Menoka, Monji, and Purnima discuss their paddy fields, chores, dishes they are preparing, and what they plan to buy at the market. The older women describe changes in crops and food over time, expressing concern about the climate, overall crop yield and quality, and the youth's general lack of knowledge of traditional agricultural practices.

Aijoni Medok demonstrates the process of making épob, a medicine that is added to apong (rice beer). Leaves of medicinal plants including ríkom, injari, and tiːné anné are dried and pounded in kiːpar (large mortar and pestle). Then, the mixture is formed into balls and dried in the sun. Finally, these balls are squeezed with hands, and the powder is spread in the apong and mixed into the grains used to make apong.

Purnima Medok demonstrates how to separate the husks from paddy leaves and describes the cultivation process. She says the paddies are sown during the month of ahar (June). After harvesting, the men carry the paddy to the kumsung (a house to keep the harvest). Next, the paddy leaves are separated through the process demonstrated here before it can be dried and later milled. They grow multiple rice varieties including bor zangiya, bora sokua, and ampi. She explains that mixing varieties together enhances the flavor. She especially enjoys feeding her children and grandchildren with rice she has stored in tin boxes.

Bipul Medok describes how his tea plantation was established in 2016. He says the saplings reached maturity after 1.5 years and now produce tea leaves weekly. He cultivates varieties of tea including TS 520 and TS 22 on 12 bighas (~7.5 acres) of land and pays laborers daily.

Bipul Medok describes the fertilizers and pesticide methods used on his tea plantation including urea and MOP (potassium chloride). In addition to tea, he grows siris amíng, neem, and black pepper plants.

Bipul Medok describes the functions of the siris trees planted between tea plants. They support the black pepper plants' vines, and produce leaves which are are used as an organic fertilizer for the tea plants. He says the wood of the siris tree can also be used as firewood, and may be suitable for making furniture.

Purnima Medok tells a traditional narrative about an elderly couple who meet a troop of monkeys while planting taro in a field. The monkeys advise the couple that the taro tubers had to be boiled first, peeled, sweetened, and covered with leaves before putting into the soil. They followed the monkeys' instructions and the troop came again to check on the taro. That night, the monkeys took the responsibility of looking after the planted taro. Taking advantage of the situation, the monkeys ate the planted taros and left feces all over the field. The elderly couple gets revenge by tricking and killing the monkeys.

Recording of an elicitation of noun forms based on number and gender to demonstrate the Mankiyali lexical stress patterns in various word forms. In this elicitation, the native speaker, Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher), provides the English word as a prompt and another native speaker, Muhammad Suleman (a 36-year old male teacher) provides the Mankiyali equivalent of that word.

This is a recording of an elicitation about possessive pronouns demonstrating how possession is expressed in Mankiyali. English sentences are used as prompts. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

This is a recording of an elicitation of adverbial clauses in Mankiyali based on English sentences used as prompts. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

Recording of an elicitation of a word list for seasons and months. The contributors are Aurangzeb (a 34-year old male teacher) and Gohar-Ur Rehman (a 38-year old male shop owner).

In this monologue Sultan Khan (a 54-year old male driver) recollects his childhood memories when he was studying in class 8th. He narrates how he once fled from home to Sargodha and then to Lahore with a friend, and about the subsequent events. The other speakers in this recording are Muhammad Rafiq (a 28-year old male) and Muhammad Mushtaq (a 25-year old male).

In this monologue Sultan Khan (a 54-year old male driver) recollects his childhood memories when he was studying in class 8th. He narrates how he once fled from home to Sargodha and then to Lahore with a friend, and about the subsequent events. The other speakers in this recording are Muhammad Rafiq (a 28-year old male) and Muhammad Mushtaq (a 25-year old male).