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Geothermal Field Developments in Japan
The present situation of the geothermal field developments in Japan is such that eight geothermal power stations are being operated, while there are sill many geothermal areas to be explored. Up to this day, the target of geothermal exploration has mainly been the areas by surface geological survey and the existing geothermal reservoirs are located not deeper than 1,500m depth. Recent geothermal energy development shows a trend from the study on vapor dominated of liquid dominated hydrothermal resources in shallow zones to that on hydrothermal resources in deeper zones. Exploration wells of 3,000m depth class have been drilled in Japan.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Hirakawa, Seiichi
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Goldthwaite Eagle (Goldthwaite, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 31, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Goldthwaite, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Bridges, G. Frank
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Hereford Brand (Hereford, Tex.), Vol. 83, No. 117, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Daily newspaper from Hereford, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Parsell, Reed D.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Heterogeneity of the Liquid Phase, and Vapor Separation in Los Azufres (Mexico) Geothermal Reservoir
Data of chemical and isotopic composition of fluids from Los Azufres geothermal wells is interpreted in order to characterize the composition of the liquid phase, and to define the relation between this phase and fluids from steam-producing wells. Chemical and specific enthalpy data show that most wells considered are fed a mixture of steam and liquid. Thus, flashing occurs in the formation. This poses a problem on the interpretation of isotopic data, because the composition of the feeding mixture need not be representative of the composition of the liquid phase in the reservoir. Two extreme alternatives for the interpretation of isotopic data are considered. In the first alternative the composition of the total discharge is considered to be the same as that of the liquid in the reservoir. In the second alternative the feeding fluid is considered to be a mixture of the liquid phase in the reservoir and the calculated fraction of steam. In addition, this steam is assumed to separate from a much larger mass of that liquid phase at the downhole temperature. The contribution of steam is then subtracted from the total discharge to yield the composition of the liquid phase. Using data for silica concentration in …
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Nieva, D.; Quijano, L.; Garfias, A.; Barragan, R.M. & Laredo, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hondo Anvil Herald (Hondo, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Hondo, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Hypotheses on Possible Equilibria Between N{sub2} and Other Gases at Larderello and Cerro Prieto
Considering various possible chemical reactions between N{sub 2} and other gas species present in the geothermal fluid, the following reaction has been individuated: C + 1/2 N{sub 2} + 7/2 H{sub 2} = NH{sub 3} + CH{sub 4} which is generally satisfied for plausible thermodynamic reservoir conditions (temperature and the relative contributions of steam and liquid to fluid production) at Larderello and Cerro Prieto.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
D'Amore, Franco; Celati, Romano & Calore, Claudio
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Ingleside Index (Ingleside, Tex.), Vol. 34, No. 44, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Ingleside, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Fischer, Tim
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Interpretation of Interference Data from the Klamath Falls, Oregon Geothermal Resource
Data from a seven week pressure interference test in the Klamath Falls, Oregon geothermal resource have been analyzed. The data indicate that productive wells are fed by a highly permeable fracture network and that the less permeable matrix blocks contribute significantly to the reservoir storage capacity. Detailed analysis of data from two wells is presented. Data from both of the wells yield a reservoir permeability-thickness (kh) of approximately 1.3x10{sup 6} md-ft and a storativity of 6.8x10{sup -3} ft/psi. The parameters ({lamda} and {omega}), which are determined by the distribution of permeability and storativity between the matrix and fractures, vary by more than an order of magnitude. A sensitivity study shows that for these wells, the pressure transients are not very sensitive to the distribution of permeability and storativity between the fractures and matrix blocks. No hydrologic boundaries were detected during the test. This indicates that the fault which supplies hot water to the shallow hydrothermal system does not behave according to the cassical model of either a barrier or constant potential boundary.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Benson, S.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Jewish Herald-Voice (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 75, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly Jewish newspaper from Houston, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Samuels, Joseph W. & Samuels, Jeanne F.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Kerens Tribune (Kerens, Tex.), Vol. 89, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Kerens, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
York, Donna
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Laboratory Physical Model for Pattern Injection in Geothermal Systems
In the development of geothermal sources for power generation, production of geothermal fluids as well as reinjection becomes an important aspect for significant heat extraction from the reservoir rock. The purpose of this work was to understand how cold water injection in five spot pattern affected the temperature distributions and production pressures in a physical model with a constant temperature heat source. The production and injection rates were varied as well as their respective depths. The model is a hot water dominated system with crushed limestone of 0.6-0.9 cm particle size as the reservoir rock, which had 40% porosity, 58 darcy permeability. The analysis revealed that injection rate should be at least 2/3 of production rate (measured as condensed water) so that the pressure decline at the producing end was stopped. Heat extraction from the system was high when injection was done towards the top of the model while production horizon was deeper.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Parlaktuna, M. & Okandan, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
De Leon Free Press (De Leon, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 29, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from De Leon, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Wilkerson, Gayle E.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Llano News (Llano, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 7, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Llano, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Buckner, Walter L.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Mannford, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Sissom, Shirley
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Mapping the Acid Stimulation in the Beowawe Geothermal Field Using Surface Electrical Potentials
A surface electrical potential system was fielded during the chemical stimulation of the Rossi 21-19 well in the Beowawe Geothermal Field. The technique, which measures variations in resistivity resulting from the flow of conductive fluid into the reservoir, was not only shown to be highly sensitive, not only to the chemical treatment, but also to the in situ conductive zones before any acid injection. A review of the experiment and a preliminary interpretation of the data are presented. The data provide convincing evidence that it should be possible to map the treated zone as well as the primary pretreatment in situ conductive zones.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Hart, Carolyne M.; Engi, Dennis & Morris, Harris E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Mathis News (Mathis, Tex.), Vol. 60, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Mathis, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Lawrence, Burnis
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Matrix Diffusion and its Effect on the Modeling of Tracer Returns from the Fractured Geothermal Reservoir at Wairakei, New Zealand
Tracer tests performed at the geothermal reservoir at Wairakei, New Zealand have been analyzed, using a mathematical and physical model in which tracer flows through individual fractures with diffusion into the surrounding porous matrix. Model calculations matched well with the observed tracer return profiles. From the model, first tracer arrival times and the number of individual fractures (the principal conduits of fluid flow in the reservoir) joining the injector-producer wells can be determined. if the porosity, adsorption distribution coefficient, bulk density and effective diffusion coefficient are nown, fracture widths may be estimated. Hydrodynamic dispersion down the length of the fracture is a physical component not taken into account in this model. Future studies may be warranted in order to determine the necessity of including this factor. In addition to the tracer profile matching by the matrix diffusion model, comparisons with a simpler fracture flow model by Fossum and Horne (1982) were made. The inclusion of the matrix diffusion effects was seen to significantly improve the fit to the observed data.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Jensen, Clair L. & Horne, Roland N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Method to Recover Useful Geothermal-Reservoir Parameters from Production Characteristic Curves (1) Steam Reservoirs
In this paper we develop and demonstrate a method to estimate the reservoir pressure and a productivity index for vertical steam wells, from its production characteristic (also called output) curves. In addition, the method allows to estimate the radius of influence of the well, provided that a value of the reservoir transmisivity is available. The basic structure of the present method is: first, the measured well head mass flowrates and pressures are transformed to downhole conditions by means of a numerical simulator; then, the computed downhole variables are fitted to a simple radial model that predicts the sandface flowrate in terms of the flowing pressure. For demonstration, the method was applied to several steam wells from the Los Azufres Geothermal field. We found excellent agreement of the model with this ample set of field data. As a bonus, the processed data allowed several inferences about the steam producing zone of the reservoir: that the wells considered produce from relatively isolated pockets of steam, which are probably fed by near-by inmobile water; and that these feed zones are in poor hydraulic communication with the field surface waters. our method are that it provides a way to retrieve important reservoir information from …
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Iglesias, E.; Arellano, V.; Garfias, A.; Miranda, C.; Hernandez, J. & Gonzalez, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Method to Recover Useful Geothermal-Reservoir Parameters from Production Characteristic Curves (2) Hot Water Reservoirs
In this paper we develop and demonstrate a method to estimate the reservoir pressure, a mass productivity index, and a thermal power productivity index for vertical water-fed geothermal wells, from its production characteristic (also called output) curves. In addition, the method allows to estimate the radius of influence of the well, provided that a value of the reservoir transmisivity is available. The basic structure of the present method is: first, the measured wellhead mass flowrate; and pressures are transformed to downhole conditions by means of a numerical simulator; then, the computed downhole variables are fitted to a simple radial model that predicts the sandface flowrate in terms of the flowing pressure. For demonstration, the method was applied to several wells from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. We found very good agreement of the model with this ample set of field data. The main advantages of our method are that it provides a way to retrieve important reservoir information from usually available production characteristic curves, that it works from easily and accurately taken wellhead measurements, and that its results address the two main aspects of geothermal resource utilization, namely, mass and heat production.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Iglesias, E.; Arellano, V. & Molinar, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mineralogy and Distribution of Hydrothermal Mineral Zones in Los Azufres (Mexico) Geothermal Field
General features of the geometry of Los Azufres reservoir have been defined through the mapping of hydrothermal mineral alteration zones. Hydrothermal alteration has been studied in cuttings and drill cores from most of the active wells. X-ray diffraction microprobe analysis and classical optical methods have been employed for the identification of primary and authigenic minerals in fresh and altered samples. Observed patterns of alteration have been correlated with temperature and patterns of fluid circulation. The resulting model depicts a body of geothermal fluid at depth, which ascends and discharges through two main fracture systems. These two circulation zones are characterized by concentric aureoles of increasing hydrothermal alteration towards quasivertical axes. The overall pattern could be described as a dome structure produced by the abnormal thermal gradient, distorted by the effects of active upward circulation of the fluids.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Cathelineau, M.; Oliver, R.; Izquierdo, G.; Garfias, A.; Nieva, D. & Izaguirre, O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling Studies of Geothermal Systems with a Free Water Surface
Numerical simulators developed for geothermal reservoir engineering applications generally only consider systems which are saturated with liquid water and/or steam. However, most geothermal fields are in hydraulic communicatino with shallow ground water aquifers having free surface (water level), so that production or injection operations will cause movement of the surface, and of the air in the pore spaces above the water level. In some geothermal fields the water level is located hundreds of meters below the surface (e.g. Olkaria, Kenya; Bjornsson, 1978), so that an extensive so that an extensive unsaturated zone is present. In other the caprock may be very leaky or nonexistent [e.g., Klamath Falls, oregon (Sammel, 1976)]; Cerro Prieto, Mexico; (Grant et al., 1984) in which case ther eis good hydraulic communication between the geothermal reservoir and the shallow unconfined aquifers. Thus, there is a need to explore the effect of shallow free-surface aquifers on reservoir behavior during production or injection operations. In a free-surface aquifer the water table moves depending upon the rate of recharge or discharge. This results in a high overall storativity; typically two orders of magnitude higher than that of compressed liquid systems, but one or two orders of magnitude lower than that …
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S. & Pruess, K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mount Vernon Optic-Herald (Mount Vernon, Tex.), Vol. 109, No. 16, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Mount Vernon, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Wright, Pat
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Multiple Reservoirs in the Mofete Field, Naples, Italy
Mofete field, located near Naples, in southern Italy, lies within the large Campi Flegrei caldera. Drilling for geothermal fluids was carried out unsuccessfully in 1939-1954. AGIP, in joint venture with the national utility ENEL, after intensive exploration efforts, resumed drilling at the end of 1978; several new deep wells indicate the presence of a water dominated field in Mofete with three reservoirs (only the shallowest of which was reached by previous wells). The deepest aquifer, tapped by well Mofete 5 at the depth of about 2700 m, contains hypersaline fluids (about 516000 ppm TDS at atmospheric conditions corresponding to about 150000 ppm in the reservoir) with a bottom hole temperature of about 360{degrees}C. The intermediate level, reached by well Mofete 2 at 1900 m depth, is characterized by low salinity fluids (about 38000 ppm TDS at the surface corresponding to 18000 ppm calculated in the reservoir) with a reservoir temperature of 340{degrees}C. The uppermost reservoir, tapped by wells Mofete 1, 3D, 7D, 8D and 9D ranges between 550 and 1500 m depth and has water with salinity ranging from 40000 to 76000 ppm TDS at the surface corresponding to 28000 to 52000 ppm in the reservoir with a bottom temperature …
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Carella, R. & Guglielminetti, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Muskogee - Okmulgee Oklahoma Eagle (Muskogee and Okmulgee, Okla.), Vol. 9, No. 39, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 15, 1983
Weekly newspaper from Muskogee and Okmulgee, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History