This is a progress report on the following: (1) 184-inch Cyclotron Program; (2) 60-inch Cyclotron Operation; (3) Synchrotron Program; (4) Linear Accelerator Operation; (5) Experimental Physics; (6) Theoretical Physics; (7) Isotope Separation Program; (8) Chemistry; (9) Medical Physics; and (10) Health Chemistry and Physics.

The following report was made to determine the effective clarity improvement, flow rate characteristics, and operational problems encountered on passing Redox uranium feed solution through sintered, modified Type 304 stainless steel filter elements.

This report summarizes the radioactive contamination measured at the Hanford Works and immediate plant areas for the quarter April, May, and June, 1948. Topics discussed are: Meteorology; airborne contamination; contamination in the Columbia and Yakima Rivers; and contamination in rain, drinking water, vegetation, and in Hanford Wastes.

This report is a short communication concerning the performance of pilot plant sand filters at Building 292-B at Hanford Atomic Products Operation. (VC)

Records show that difficulty has been encountered with the discharge of two tubes in B Pile, twelve in the D Pile, and fifteen in the F Pile during the period from initial start-up until March 15, 1948. In sixteen cases the tubes have been replaced, six of the tubes which were in the fringe have been made air tubes, four did not warrant replacement, and three are to be replaced in the future. General statistics for these twenty-nine tubes are presented with additional details in this report.

The heaviest of the known elements is curium, which was recently discovered by Seaborg and his associates. This new element can be produced by the alpha particle transmutation of plutonium by the following reaction: {sub 94}Pu{sup 239} + {sub 2}He{sup 4} {yields} {sub 96}Cm{sup 242} + {sub 0}N{sup 1} This isotope of curium is radioactive and decays by the emission of an alpha particle to form plutonium 238 which, in turn, is also radioactive. Curium 242 has a half-life of 150 days, and its radioactive daughter, plutonium 238, has a half-life of 50 years. This isotope of plutonium decays by the emission of an alpha particle to form uranium 234 which has a half-life of 233,000 years. Shortly after the organization of the Atomic Energy Project, it became apparent that formidable problems would be presented as the result of the release of nuclear energy. One of the most urgent of these was the hazard presented by the production of large quantities of the radio-elements created by the fission of uranium and the coincidental formation of neptunium and plutonium. In an attempt to evaluate the potential danger presented by these radio-elements from the chain reacting pile, a large series of metabolic …

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This report addresses the biological effects of radiation on man.

Soon after the discovery of fission, Meitner, Bretscher and Cook found differences in the decay of various chemical fractions separated from uranium irradiated with slow neutrons and thorium irradiated with fast neutrons respectively and suggested that a difference existed in the distribution of fission products in the two cases. In 1940, Turner suggested that the distribution in various modes of fission should be investigated. The fact that elements such as tin, cadmium, palladium, and silver were found in fast neutron and deuteron fission of uranium and thorium before they were found in slow neutron fission of uranium suggested that the middle region of the distribution was raised as the energy of the incident particle was increased. Since the compound nucleus formed in the fission of thorium with alpha particles is U{sup 236}, the same compound nucleus formed in the fission of U{sup 235} with neutrons, it is of interest to study the fission of thorium with alphas and compare the resulting distribution of fission products with that found with uranium with slow and thorium with fast neutrons. Any difference between the various results where the same compound nucleus is formed must be due to differences in energy content and possible …

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At the end of the war it became apparent that the teamwork of government and scientific institutions, which had been so effective in wartime work, must somehow be perpetuated in order to insure the continued progress of nuclear science in peace time. The enormous expense of the tools needed to pursue the next steps in this research -- nuclear reactors and high energy accelerators -- and the shortage of scientifically trained personnel pointed towards the establishment of a cooperative laboratory. Such a laboratory, using government funds, could carry out a comprehensive research program that would benefit the many interested research groups throughout the country. As a result of the wartime programs under the Manhattan District, centers of research in nuclear science were already active at the Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California, at Los Alamos in New Mexico, at the Clinton Laboratories in Oak Ridge, Tennessee and at the Argonne Laboratory in Chicago. No analogous nuclear research laboratories, however, had developed in the Northeast, and since so much of the nation's scientific talent and industrial activities are concentrated in the northeastern states, it was proposed that a new laboratory be established near New York City. As a result of this plan, …

The following report describes the results from studies based on the toxicity and metabolism of radioactive substances derived from uranium fission. Rats and mice were administered radioactive sodium and reactions and changes were studied.

This report follows and experiment that was performed to determine the visual efficiency of a phosphor when bombarded by alpha particles.

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Report presenting an experimental and analytical investigation of the flutter of uniform sweptback cantilever wings. The experiments used groups of wings sweptback by rotating and by shearing with angles of sweep ranging from 0 to 60 degrees. Results regarding the experimental investigation and a discussion and comparison of the analytical and experimental results are provided.

Report presenting the results of pitching-moment, lift, and drag measurements on a model of the D-558-1 with speed reduction brakes and a symmetrical profile wing at a range of Mach numbers. Only a small decrement in Mach number is produced with no nose-inlet flow and the speed-reduction brakes deflected.

The results of power-off force tests and flight tests of a model with a thin unswept low-aspect-ratio wing are presented. The tests were made with the flaps retracted and deflected. The effects on the lateral flight characteristics of decreasing directional stability were noted.

From Introduction: "Thrust augmentation of an axial-flow-type turbojet engine by burning fuel in the tail pipe is discussed in references 1 to 3. Thrust augmentation of the same turbojet engine by water injection at the compressor inlet is reported in reference 4."

A theoretical analysis is presented for obtaining, by use of Theodorsen's propeller theory, the load distribution along a propeller radius to give the optimum propeller efficiency for any design condition. The efficiencies realized by designing for the optimum load distribution are given in graphs, and the optimum efficiency for any design condition may be read directly from the graph without any laborious calculations. Examples are included to illustrate the method of obtaining the optimum load distributions for both single-rotating and dual-rotating propellers.

From Summary: "A theoretical analysis is presented that permits estimation of the changes in piston-temperature distribution induced by variations in the crown thickness, the ring-groove-pad thickness, and the undercrown surface heat-transfer coefficient. The analysis consists of the calculation of operating temperatures at various points in the piston body on the basis of the experimentally determined surface heat-transfer coefficients and boundary-region temperatures, as well as arbitrarily selected surface coefficients."

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