This report summarizes the work performed by the Advanced Optical Counter Measures (AOCM) program from January 1992 to February 1993, funded by the US DOD and administered by the US Army`s Night Vision and Electro-optics Directorate (NVEOD). The AOCM program objective was the development of an advanced anti-sensor weapon system, the Basilisk laser. Basilisk is a high power, white light laser. Its compact size permits deployment on a variety of platforms, including the Bradley Fighting vehicle, where Basilisk would augment the Bradley`s conventional weapon systems. The effectiveness of Basilisk was recently demonstrated in a series of battlefield simulations, CTAS 2.5, where its Mission Defeat Score was eight times higher than lower energy anti-sensor laser systems. In November 1991, a five phase strategy was proposed to develop the Basilisk white light laser system. This report documents the experimental activities performed by the AOCM program and describes several major experimental milestones we achieved during the first year of funding. The focus of this report is on a series of subscale experiments to demonstrate key laser physics and engineering technologies.

Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers 1992 is the sixteenth annual report of the Energy Information Administration`s (EIA) Financial Reporting System (FRS). The report examines financial and operating developments, with particular reference to the 25 major energy companies (the FRS companies) required to report annually on Form EIA-28. Financial information is reported by major lines of business, including oil and gas production, petroleum refining and marketing, and other energy operations. Domestic and international operations are examined separately in this report. The data are presented in the context of key energy market developments with a view toward identifying changing strategies of corporate development and measuring the apparent success of current ongoing operations.

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By now symplectic integration has been applied to many problems in classical mechanics. It is my conviction that the field of particle simulation in circular rings is ideally suited for the application of symplectic integration. In this paper, I present a short description symplectic tools in circular storage rings.

The Winter Fuels Report is intended to provide concise, timely information to the industry, the press, policymakers, consumers, analysts, and State and local governments on the following topics: distillate fuel oil net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for all Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) and product supplied on a US level; propane net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for PADD`s I, II, and III; natural gas supply and disposition and underground storage for the US and consumption for all PADD`S; as well as selected National average prices; residential and wholesale pricing, data for heating oil and propane for those States participating, in the joint Energy Information Administration (EIA)/State Heating, Oil and Propane Program; crude oil and petroleum price comparisons for the US and selected cities; and a 6-10 Day, 30-Day, and 90-Day outlook for temperature and precipitation and US total heating degree-days by city.

In the last quarterly report we presented results of coprocessing runs made with an Illinois No. 6 coal and an AMOCO VTR (as received) and after the heavy oil had been pretreated a number of different ways. Coal conversions and product yields were presented for each coprocessing experiment. We have now further analyzed results from coprocessing experiments in order to estimate the yields of coal-derived gas, asphaltenes and oil products. Although coal-derived products can not be measured directly from the coprocessing experiments, since coal and petroleum products are commingled, they can be estimated based on repeat reactions with the petroleum solvent alone. This technique assumes that the petroleum solvent reacts to yield the same products whether coal is present or not. When the coal was coprocessed with untreated heavy oil 58% of coal (MAF) was converted to gas and liquid products. We estimated that 7% of coal was converted to oils (n-pentane solubles), 28% to asphaltenes (n-pentane insolubles) and 24% to hydrocarbon gases, mostly methane. When the same coal was coprocessed with AMOCO oil that had been pretreated with 1000 ppM (metal concentration) of Mo naphthenate, 81% of coal was converted; this is an average of two runs. Coal-derived oil …

For a variety of reasons, thousands of oil and gas wells have been abandoned in the Gulf Coast Region of the United States. Many of these wells penetrated geopressured zones whose resource potential for power generation was undervalued or ignored. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geopressured-Geothermal Research Program was chartered to improve geothermal technology to the point where electricity could be commercially produced from a substantial number of geopressured resource sites. This research program focused on relatively narrow technical issues that are unique to geopressured resources such as the ability to predict reservoir production capacity based on preliminary flow tests. Three well sites were selected for the research program. These are the Willis Hulin and Gladys McCall sites in Louisiana, and the Pleasant Bayou site in Texas. The final phase of this research project consists of plug and abandonment (P&A) of the wells and site restoration.

This work plan provides the information necessary for drilling, sampling, and hydrologic testing of wells to be completed in support of a demonstration of the in-well vapor stripping system. The in-well vapor stripping system is a remediation technology designed to preferentially extract volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated groundwater by converting them to a vapor phase. Air-lift pumping is used to lift and aerate groundwater within the well. The volatiles escaping the aerated water are drawn off by a slight vacuum and treated at the surface while the water is allowed to infiltrate the vadose zone back to the watertable.

Dr. Matsch was born in Hungary and studied at Vienna Technical Institute, receiving degrees in physics and engineering. At the end of World War II, he was operating a krypton gas separation plant in Hungary, but left his home and personal effects and fled to Munich, Bavaria with his wife and infant son as the Russians entered the country. After the war he worked for a time with the German Linde Company and eventually came to the United States when an immigration quota was available for displaced Hungarian citizens. He went to work for the Linde Division of Union Carbide in an engineering capacity upon his arrival in the US, and he and his wife are now US citizens. He is currently Manager of the Engineering Development Division of the Linde Co., employing about 600 people including 200 engineers. His responsibilities include the design and construction of gas separation equipment and devices, improvement of their processes and economic analyses of the results. It was his group which developed the new improved distillation columns which have permitted extraordinary increases in through-put and efficiency in air separation plants, and which he would use in any purification system that he would design for …

What makes the stars shine? This question puzzled human beings for thousands of years. Early in this century, chemists and physicists discovered radioactivity; and the nuclear model of the atom was developed. Once nuclear reactions were produced in the laboratory, it did not take long before their role in stellar energy generation was realized. The theory that nuclear fusion is the source of stellar energy was initially developed in the 1930`s and was elaborated in detail in the 1950`s. Only within the last ten years, however, have astronomical observations provided direct confirmation of these theoretical ideas. In this paper, I describe the sequences of nuclear reactions that are believed to be responsible for the power generation in stars. The ashes of these reactions are the heavy elements that we find on earth and throughout the universe. The evolution and final fates of stars are examined. The key astronomical observations that provide support for these theoretical ideas are presented.

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This report describes an analytical procedure for use in determining the heavy element content of a sample of HEU. Results of the analysis of a specific sample are discussed and some forensic signatures are identified. Two calibrated liquid samples were created, containing known amounts of HEU and contaminants. These samples were counted for gamma rays in the same way that an HEU sample would be treated, and results of the gamma counting are compared with the analytical results.

About 128 air samplers and CAMs presently in service to detect and document potential radioactive release from `H` and `F` area tank farm ventilation stacks are scheduled for replacement and/or upgrade by Projects S-5764, S-2081, S-3603, and S-4516. The seven CAMs scheduled to be upgraded by Project S-4516 during 1995 are expected to provide valuable experience for the three remaining projects. The attached document provides design guidance for the standardized High Level Waste air sampling system.

A well-stirred reactor experiment and chemical kinetic modeling effort were performed in order to study the effect of ethylene oxidation on the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}). Parameters examined in this study were temperature (1003--1260K) and input hydrocarbon concentration (220--3270 ppmv wet). The stirred reactor residence time was maintained at {approximately}2 milliseconds. Kinetic calculations indicated the NO to NO{sub 2} conversion proceeded through the ``HO{sub 2} mechanism``, NO + HO{sub 2} {yields} NO{sub 2} + OH, and the majority of the conversion occurred within the well-stirred reactor. The chemical kinetic mechanism used to model the percent conversion of the NO to NO{sub 2}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4}, CH{sub 4}, CO and CO{sub 2} concentrations showed excellent agreement with the experimental data, thereby validating the ethylene oxidation mechanism. Reaction pathway analysis and logarithmic sensitivity analysis were combined to analyze the ethylene oxidation structure and HO{sub 2} production process. The analysis revealed the primary ethylene oxidation pathway has the potential to form two HO{sub 2} radicals per ethylene consumed, thus making the ethylene a significant agent in promoting conversion of NO to NO{sub 2}. The secondary ethylene oxidation pathway is a potent chain branching process which furthers ethylene …

During 1992, a series of hydrologic characterization tests were conducted at the well 4A -- 4T test facility complex. Details concerning these tests are described in Swanson (1992). Two of the tests, a constant-rate discharge test conducted on March 30, 1992 and a slug interference test performed on April 15, 1992, are the focus of this report.

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has special discharge problems relating to potential radioactive content of the effluent discharge waters. Because of this all testing must be performed on-site and results must be rapidly determined. There is a need to examine the development of a real-time procedure for effluent biomonitoring to met these site limitations. The Microtox{trademark} unit for toxicity testing is a microbially-based test system that shows great promise to be used for WET testing. The overall goal of this study is to develop an acceptable protocol for operational biomonitoring using the Microtox {trademark} toxicity test for LANL. The specific objectives include: development of an appropriate toxicity testing protocol using the Microtox{trademark} toxicity test for whole effluent toxicity testing and evaluation of the protocol based on factors such as sensitivity, response time, cost of analysis, and simplicity of operation.

CaMath is an external Mathematica package which can be loaded into Mathematica by a user. CaMath consists of a special set of channel access functions which provides the Mathematica users with easy and flexible access of channel information across the IOC networks. It also provides a complete set of process variable event monitoring functions. The available functions for CaMath, their functionality, and their syntax are described herein. This document also gives examples how a Mathematica user can interface to channel access devices. It is assumed that the user is already familiar with using Mathematica. Few examples of Mathematica module of using CaMath functions are also given in this document.

This presentation (consisting of vugraphs) first provides the background motivation for Sandia`s effort for the development of improved crystalline silicon solar cells. It then discusses specific results and progress, and concludes with a brief discussion of options for next year.

The HLW Tank Farm Low-Level Solid Waste Radionuclide Smear Sample And Analysis Plan has been written to describe the three methods by which the HLW Tank Farm facilities will obtain analytical data of radionuclide distribution in, and activities of, solid waste generated in the Tank Farms for waste certification and delivery to the Low Activity Waste Vaults (LAWV) in E Area. Results will be used as a possible confirmatory supplement to process knowledge as contained in the document, WSRC-TR-94-0290, {open_quotes}High-Level Waste Characterization In Support Of Low-Level Waste Certification, I. HLW Supernate Radionuclide Characterization.{close_quotes} The purpose of collecting samples is to obtain analytical data to supplement the validation data from WSRC-TR-94-0290 that gives radionuclide distributions for low-level job control waste characterization. It is expected that the results received from the laboratory will not enable quantification within the existing WAC limits but will be used only to possibly supplement the validation of years of determinations made based on process knowledge and sampling the High Level Waste (HLW). This occurs because several of the nuclides in the WAC 3.10 list are either expected to be present in such low abundance and/or have such a soft radiation (e.g., low energy beta) that even the …

The proper goal of science is a unified theory of all of nature, including our thoughts. An adequate theory of this kind will resolve the quantum measurement problem, which is to reconcile the nonclassical character of the quantum world with the classical character of our perceptions of it. A framework for such a theory is described. It weds the opposing views of Bohr and Einstein. Bohr held that quantum theory provides rules that relate aspects of our knowledge, while Einstein claimed that basic theory should describe what could be reality itself, not merely our knowledge of it.

This report contains two lists. The first lists equipment, load location, source of power, and breaker identification. The second compiles the same information but in a different format, namely, for each power source, the breaker, equipment, and location is given. Building 308 is part of the Fuels and Materials Examination Facility which houses the Secure Automated Fabrication process line for fabrication of reactor fuels and the Breeder Processing Engineering Test for processing Fast Flux Test Facility fuel to demonstrate closure of the fuel cycle.

During the 242-A Evaporator`s 94-1 campaign, five process samples were collected from the slurry stream for waste characterization. The five samples were collected over a 36 day time span, respectively on May 4, May 9, May 16, May 23, and June 9, 1994. Sample collections were performed per the protocol described in 242-A Evaporator Waste Analysis Plan, WHC-SD-WM-EV-060, Rev. 3 and in 242-A Evaporator Quality Assurance Project Plan, WHC-SD-WM-QAPP-009, Rev. 0. Slurry waste was characterized chemically and radiochemically by the Westinghouse Hanford Company, 222-S Laboratory as directed.

The attached procedure provides the steps necessary to acceptance test the 244U DCRT electrical interlocks system.

Ditch 216-B-3-1 is located within the 200-BP-11 Operable Unit, located immediately northeast of the 200 East Area. At one time, it drained into B Pond. The ditch has been filled with soil and the surrounding area reclaimed. There is no remaining physical evidence showing the original location of the ditch. Survey stakes were recently emplaced that show the documented location of the ditch from survey coordinates. The objective of this investigation was to verify the staked location of the ditch with non-intrusive geophysical methods. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) were the methods selected for the investigation. GPR has been used successfully to locate similar ditches in other parts of the Hanford Reservation. EMI was used because it is much quicker to collected and interprets, and if successful, could be used to rapidly map the entire length of the ditch. Results are discussed.