A review of the major Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiments will be presented. These experiments are designed to produce radiation at wavelengths from the far infrared to the ultraviolet. Different categories of FELs (Compton, Raman, optical klystron, two stage, etc.), as well as the suitability of various types of electron accelerators to power FELs, will also be discussed. Potential applications of the FEL will be summarized.

This document discusses the implications of various collective phenomena on the required performance of candidate lattices for the LBL 1 to 2 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source. The performance issues considered include bunch length, emittance growth, and beam lifetime. In addition, the possible use of the 1 to 2 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source as a high-gain FEL is explored briefly. Generally, the differences between lattices are minor. It appears that the most significant feature distinguishing the various alternatives will be the beam lifetime.

The neutronic aspects of an inertial fusion reactor concept that relies on asymmetrical neutronic effects to enhance the tritium production in the breeding zones have been studied. We find that it is possible to obtain a tritium breeding ratio greater than 1.0 with a chamber configuration in which the breeding zones subtend only a fraction of the total solid angle. This is the origin of the name SEBREZ which stands for SEgregated BREeding Zones. It should be emphasized that this is not a reactor design study; rather this study illustrates certain neutronic effects in the context of a particular reactor concept. An understanding of these effects forms the basis of a design technique which has broader application than just the SEBREZ concept.

We discuss some current problems associated with the applications of QCD to event rates in high energy collisions. Emphasis is given to the current ambiguities and uncertainties that exist in estimates of signals and backgrounds. The production of jets and isolated photons at hadron colliders is discussed in some detail. The problems of jet definition are addressed. Some features of the events underlying the hard scattering process are discussed. 72 refs., 32 figs., 3 tabs.

The National Seismic Stations (NSS) instruments are being developed for seismic monitoring of regional and teleseismic events. They consist of two 3-component, broadband, borehole seismometers: the KS-36000 and the S-700, which is the backup for the KS-36000. Output is divided into frequency bands to reduce data loss due to saturation. Complete block diagrams of the KS-36000 and S-700 NSS seismometers and filters are presented. Both open-loop and closed-loop steady-state amplitude and phase curves are given. Without band-pass filters (but with shaping filters) the KS-36000 has a flat (i.e., between the -3dB points) velocity sensitivity from 0.03 to 23 Hz. With its shaping filters, the S-700 is flat from 0.2 to 40 Hz. The structure of the three band-pass filters (LP, MP, and SP) is superimposed on these velocity sensitivities. Passbands of the resulting overall velocity sensitivity for the KS-36000 are as follows: LP band = 0.01-0.05 Hz, MP band = 0.02-1.3 Hz, and SP band = 1-10 Hz. Step-function responses and phase and group delays are given for each of the bands. The MP-band step response is oscillatory due to its sharp, high-frequency cutoff, but an MP-band filter with a less abrupt cutoff eliminates the oscillation. To generate typical NSS …

It is the purpose of the NRAD to provide an analysis of the range of potential consequences of accidents which have been identified that are associated with the launching and deployment of the Galileo mission spacecraft. The specific consequences analyzed are those associated with the possible release of radioactive material (fuel) of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). They are in terms of radiation doses to people and areas of deposition of radioactive material. These consequence analyses can be used in several ways. One way is to identify the potential range of consequences which might have to be dealt with if there were to be an accident with a release of fuel, so as to assure that, given such an accident, the health and safety of the public will be reasonably protected. Another use of the information, in conjunction with accident and release probabilities, is to estimate the risks associated with the mission. That is, most space launches occur without incident. Given an accident, the most probable result relative to the RTGs is complete containment of the radioactive material. Only a small fraction of accidents might result in a release of fuel and subsequent radiological consequences. The combination of probability with …

Measurements of two- and three-particle correlations between like-sign pions produced in e/sup +/e/sup minus/ annihilation at 29 GeV center-of-mass energy are presented. The analysis is based on data taken during the period 1982--1986 using the TPC/2..gamma.. detector at PEP. Two-particle correlations are studied as a function of Q, the momentum difference as measured in the rest frame of the pion pair, and as a function of q/sub 0/, the energy difference as measured in the lab frame. The Bose-Einstein enhancement is observed when Q is small even when the energy difference, q/sub 0/, is substantial. This observation provides evidence that the Bose-Einstein correlations are best described by a model that correctly accounts for the relativistic motion of the particle sources. Three-pion correlations are measured both by using a standard three-pion correlation function, and also by using a correlation function for which the correlations between the pairs of pions within the triplet have been subtracted. The observation of three-pion correlations after pair correlations have been subtracted supports the interpretation that the observed correlations are due to Bose-Einstein interference. 56 refs.

We describe the models used to calculate the equilibrium operating point for the MARS mode of the axicell MFTF-B, and present the model equations necessary to calculate the plasma and potential parameters in the central-cell, axicell, and anchor regions. In addition, we calculate the neutral beam, rf power, and gas inputs required to sustain the plasma and maintain the ion and electron-particle energy balance. After a brief description of the MFTF code, we present the results of a sample calculation using MFTF.

The original microchannel plates have been damaged in the beam region. After an attempt to revive the plates by baking, the gain of the central 30mm is still reduced by approximately a factor of three. The plates appear to have been irreversibly damaged by being operated for an extended period of time at high gain with high debuncher beam currents. A new set of microchannel plates has been installed in the monitor. Because of a production error, the gap between the microchannel plate output and the anode wire plane was set at 15mm instead of 3mm. The high voltage divider allowed a maximum of 170 volts to be applied across this gap. Under the conditions at which the Monitor was being operated, the distribution of collected electrons from a single micro channel was spread over a large area. A collimated UV light source which had a FWHM of 3mm produced a profile with a FWHM of 22mm with an amplifier threshold supply voltage of 1.0 V and FWHM of 9mm with a threshold voltage of 5.0V. See Figure 1. When new microchannel plates were installed, the anode gap was reduced to 9.5mm, and the gap voltage was increased to 760V, …

We are using CR-39 foils for personnel nuetron dosimetry at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We have developed a three-step electrochemical etching procedure that includes low-frequency electrochemical etching at low frequency and at elevated temperatures. Our first etching step is at 60 Hz, 3000 V for 5 hours in a 60/sup 0/C oven using 6.5 N KOH. The second etching step consists of an additional 23-minute etch at 60/sup 0/C, 2.0 kHz, and 3000 V, which increases the track size and makes them relatively uniform in size. The final step is a 15-minute post etch at 60/sup 0/C, which gives the tracks a smoother appearance. The foils are etched in etch chambers that can etch up to 24 foils. Several of these chambers can be used simultaneously with a single power supply. These chambers are rugged and have been used daily for over a year. 8 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

A method of depositing a laser damage resistant, wide-spectrum antireflective coating on fused silica has been developed. This work was sponsored under a subcontract with the University of California, with technical direction from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The coating is applied from a specific silanol polymer solution and converted to a porous SiO/sub 2/ film. The pore size of the film is first reduced by a heat treatment to prevent uv scattering. Then gradation of the pore volume is achieved by a mild etching to a sufficient depth to prevent a smoother index transition from air to the substrate glass. The resulting antireflectivity covers the entire transmission range of silica and may be extended to a wavelength as short as 250 nm. Laser damage thresholds as high as 9 j/cm/sup 2/ have been demonstrated on processed samples.

This project is a combined experimental and modeling effort directed to problems in negative ion beam formation that are important in the design and development of high energy neutral injectors for the DOE fusion program. Specifically, the present program is concerned with the electron capture and loss mechanisms and the associated angular scattering effects that govern the production of D/sup -/ via double charge-transfer of D/sup +/ in alkali vapors at energies below 1 keV/amu. The overall aim of this project is to provide guidance in the selection of an optimal D/sup -/ production scheme, both with regard to the choice of target material as well as collision energy.

The program for the development of ultraviolet radiation curing of paints for application on preformed structures is discussed. The starting point of this program was the matching of resins, photoinitiators, and pigments which will result in coatings that can be cured by ultraviolet radiation. The initial work was the identification of reactive diluents and base resins that are sensitive to the uv curing process. The reactive monomeric diluents tested included multifunctional acrylates, monofunctional acrylates, and non-acrylic unsaturated esters. The end point will be the application of these coatings to prefabricated metal structures to demonstrate the viability of this technique in producing commercially acceptable painted products. These uv curable paints should produce films that are hard, adherent, and opaque at a nominal thickness of one mil (0.001 inch).

The purpose of this paper is to provide comments on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Notice in the Federal Register entitled, ``Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category, Offshore Subcategory; Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards; New Information and Request or Comments`` (53 FR 41356; October 21, 1988). This Notice announces the availability of new technical, economic and environmental assessment information relating to the development of Best Available Technology economically achievable (BAT and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) regulations under the Clean Water Act governing the discharge of drilling fluids (muds) and drill cuttings from offshore oil and gas facilities. The Notice is part of a rulemaking process which formally began with the initial release of rules in August 1985 and which incorporates numerous comments and additional data received subsequent to the release of the 1985 rules. The comments in this paper will concentrate on the following five issues: Estimated project impacts are misrepresented by assuming weighted-average incremental costs of regulation. Economic impacts are inaccurate, since annual compliance costs will likely affect the number of wells drilled, by the effect of compliance costs on project economics and the reduction in industry cash flows on capital available for drilling. …

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the potential economic impact of proposed regulations. on the discharge of drilling fluids (muds) and cuttings on US offshore undiscovered crude oil resources. These regulations include proposed Best Available Technology economically achievable (BAT) and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) effluent limitations under the Clean Water Act governing the discharge of drilling fluids and drill cuttings from offshore oil and gas drilling operations. The impact of the proposed RAT/NSPS regulations for the drilling fluids and drill cuttings disposal on the cost of funding, developing, and producing Lower-48 offshore undiscovered crude oil resources will depend significantly on operators perceptions on the chances of failing toxicity or static sheen tests. If operators, in economically justifying their projects, assume that the fluids fail one of these tests, thereby prohibiting them from being discharged, up to 11% of the economically recoverable offshore resource would be considered uneconomic to produce. This would amount to 845 million barrels of oil at an oil price around $25 per barrel. On the other hand, if operators are willing co take their chances and see if their fluids fail one of these tests, then, based on EPA`s assumptions concerning forecast fluid …

A number of proposed irradiation processes requires bulk rather than surface exposure with intense applications of ionizing radiation. Typical examples are irradiation of food packaged into pallet size containers, processing of sewer sludge for recycling as landfill and fertilizer, sterilization of prepackaged medical disposals, treatment of municipal water supplies for pathogen reduction, etc. Volumetric processing of dense, bulky products with ionizing radiation requires high energy photon sources because electrons are not penetrating enough to provide uniform bulk dose deposition in thick, dense samples. Induction Linear Accelerator (ILA) technology developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory promises to play a key role in providing solutions to this problem. This is discussed in this paper.

The design and partial construction of a new trickle-flow, packed bed reactor system was achieved. This reactor will be used to conduct investigations of throwaway type catalysts and zoned or mixed catalyst beds. It will also be used to support studies of catalyst activity decay. Most of these decay studies will be conducted in the Catalyst Life Test Unit (CLTU). The CLTU has been improved by redesign of the H/sub 2/ flow system and several minor changes. A new H/sub 2/ supply system has been designed and items ordered for installation. One experimental run was conducted in one of the three reactors of the CLTU. Raw anthracene oil was the feedstock and a vendor catalyst was used (Nalco, NM-502, Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/). Run conditions were: 700F(371C), 1500 psig and 2.0 hour space time (volume hourly). The objective of this run was to test equipment, familiarize personnel and to obtain a data base for future experiments. The sulfur removal was better than 95% throughout the 162 hours of operation. However, nitrogen removal activity decayed from 70% to about 35% after only 30 to 50 hours.

The construction of an apparatus designed to prepare thin films by physical vapor codeposition is described. This apparatus permits the characterization of the substrate prior to deposition using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and ion scattering spectroscopy. The system permits deposition of thin films by resistively heated boats and electron beam evaporation sources which can be operated simultaneously. The resulting films can be characterized using the above surface analysis techniques without exposure to the atmosphere using a transfer mechanism described in the report.