By now symplectic integration has been applied to many problems in classical mechanics. It is my conviction that the field of particle simulation in circular rings is ideally suited for the application of symplectic integration. In this paper, I present a short description symplectic tools in circular storage rings.

What makes the stars shine? This question puzzled human beings for thousands of years. Early in this century, chemists and physicists discovered radioactivity; and the nuclear model of the atom was developed. Once nuclear reactions were produced in the laboratory, it did not take long before their role in stellar energy generation was realized. The theory that nuclear fusion is the source of stellar energy was initially developed in the 1930`s and was elaborated in detail in the 1950`s. Only within the last ten years, however, have astronomical observations provided direct confirmation of these theoretical ideas. In this paper, I describe the sequences of nuclear reactions that are believed to be responsible for the power generation in stars. The ashes of these reactions are the heavy elements that we find on earth and throughout the universe. The evolution and final fates of stars are examined. The key astronomical observations that provide support for these theoretical ideas are presented.

A well-stirred reactor experiment and chemical kinetic modeling effort were performed in order to study the effect of ethylene oxidation on the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}). Parameters examined in this study were temperature (1003--1260K) and input hydrocarbon concentration (220--3270 ppmv wet). The stirred reactor residence time was maintained at {approximately}2 milliseconds. Kinetic calculations indicated the NO to NO{sub 2} conversion proceeded through the ``HO{sub 2} mechanism``, NO + HO{sub 2} {yields} NO{sub 2} + OH, and the majority of the conversion occurred within the well-stirred reactor. The chemical kinetic mechanism used to model the percent conversion of the NO to NO{sub 2}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4}, CH{sub 4}, CO and CO{sub 2} concentrations showed excellent agreement with the experimental data, thereby validating the ethylene oxidation mechanism. Reaction pathway analysis and logarithmic sensitivity analysis were combined to analyze the ethylene oxidation structure and HO{sub 2} production process. The analysis revealed the primary ethylene oxidation pathway has the potential to form two HO{sub 2} radicals per ethylene consumed, thus making the ethylene a significant agent in promoting conversion of NO to NO{sub 2}. The secondary ethylene oxidation pathway is a potent chain branching process which furthers ethylene …

An article clipping from The Dallas Morning News article 'A rosier picture' written by Larry Bleiberg. The piece covers the planned rebuilding of the Dallas ISD fine arts program through several years of revamped funding and building up of curriculum.

This presentation (consisting of vugraphs) first provides the background motivation for Sandia`s effort for the development of improved crystalline silicon solar cells. It then discusses specific results and progress, and concludes with a brief discussion of options for next year.

The proper goal of science is a unified theory of all of nature, including our thoughts. An adequate theory of this kind will resolve the quantum measurement problem, which is to reconcile the nonclassical character of the quantum world with the classical character of our perceptions of it. A framework for such a theory is described. It weds the opposing views of Bohr and Einstein. Bohr held that quantum theory provides rules that relate aspects of our knowledge, while Einstein claimed that basic theory should describe what could be reality itself, not merely our knowledge of it.

The Department of Energy`s Fernald site is located about 20 miles northwest of Cincinnati. Fernald produced refined uranium metal products from ores between 1953 and 1989. The pure uranium was sent to other DOE sites in South Carolina, Tennessee, Colorado,and Washington in support of the nation`s strategic defense programs. Over the years of large-scale uranium production, contamination of the site`s soil and groundwater occurred.The contamination is of particular concern because the Fernald site is located over the Great Miami Aquifer, a designated sole-source drinking water aquifer. Contamination of the aquifer with uranium was found beneath the site, and migration of the contamination had occurred well beyond the site`s southern boundary. As a result, Fernald was placed on the National Priorities (CERCLA/Superfund) List in 1989. Uranium production at the site ended in 1989,and Fernald`s mission has been changed to one of environmental restoration. This paper presents information about computerized modeling of subsurface contamination used for the environmental restoration project at Fernald.

Calculated curves of cable-in-conduit conductor energy stability margins vs. current are compared to experimental curves obtained at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for NbTi single triplex conductors. The conductors ranged in length from 1.8 m to 4.8 m, and had no imposed helium flow. The initiating heat pulse was applied for 16.7 ms over the entire conductor length. The calculated stability curves display the large decrease in energy margin from the low current and high energy margin {open_quotes}well-cooled{close_quotes} stability region, to the high current and low energy margin {open_quotes}ill-cooled{close_quotes} region that was determined experimentally. The calculated {open_quotes}limiting current{close_quotes} of 250 A (boundary between the ill-cooled and well-cooled regions) also agrees with experiment. The multi-valued stability margins measured for lengths of 3.1 and 3.8 m could not be obtained by the computer model. Excluding the multiple stabilities, the calculated margins are generally 30% lower than the experimental values. The decrease in energy margin in the ill-cooled region was found to be due to the low critical to operating temperature difference (2.2 K at 250 A). This prevents an initiating pulse in the ill-cooled region from being able to generate significant Joule heating without quenching, limiting the energy margin.

The Fusion ENgineering International eXperiments (FENIX) Test Facility recently has successfully complete the testing of a pair of Nb{sub 3}rSn cable-in-conduit conductors developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. These conductors, made of bronze-processed strands, were designed to operate stably with 40-kA transport current at a magnetic field of 13 T. In addition to the measurements of major design parameters such as current-sharing temperature, FENIX provided several experiments specifically designed to provide results urgently needed by magnet designers. Performed experiments include measurements of ramp-rate limit, current-distribution, stability, and joint performance. This paper presents the design and results of these special experiments.

This paper describes a hybrid vehicle simulation model which can be applied to many of the vehicles currently being considered for low pollution and high fuel economy. The code operates in batch mode with all the vehicle information stored in data files. The code calculates power train dimensions, fuel economy for three driving schedules, time for 0-96 km/h at maximum acceleration, hill climbing performance, and pollution generation rates. This paper also documents the application of the code to a hybrid vehicle that utilizes a hydrogen internal combustion engine. The simulation model is used for parametric studies of the vehicle. The results show the fuel economy of the vehicle as a function of vehicle mass, aerodynamic drag, engine efficiency, accessory load, and flywheel efficiency. The code also calculates the minimum flywheel energy and power to obtain a desired performance. The hydrogen hybrid vehicle analyzed in the paper has a range of 480 km (300 miles), with a predicted gasoline equivalent fuel efficiency of 33.7 km/liter (79.3 mpg).

The primary objective of the workshop was to inform US plating vendors about the opportunity to participate in the effort on Cr plating of large quantities of superconducting wires required for the ITER and the TPX projects and DOE`s interest in developing several reliable and high quality suppliers of Chromium plating services for the superconducting strand industry. The objective was also to inform plating vendors about the Cr plating technology developed in LLNL and invite interested plating vendors to get the technology. Finally the workshop was intended to inform the plating vendors about the plan to get verification of capability of two to four vendors for Cr plating of superconducting strands.

Adaptive-hp methods are those which use a refinement control strategy driven by a local error estimate to locally modify the element size, h, and polynomial order, p. The result is an unstructured mesh in which each node may be associated with a different polynomial order and which generally require complex data structures to implement. Object-oriented design strategies and languages which support them, e.g., C++, help control the complexity of these methods. Here an overview of the major classes and class structure of an adaptive-hp finite element code is described. The essential finite element structure is described in terms of four areas of computation each with its own dynamic characteristics. Implications of converting the code for a distributed-memory parallel environment are also discussed.