In this paper the effect of changing from the traditional NTP coolant, hydrogen, to several alternative coolants were studied. Hydrogen is generally chosen as an NTP coolant, since its use maximizes the specific impulse for a given operating temperature. However, there are situations in which it may not be available or optimal. The alternative coolants which were considered are ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. A particle bed reactor (PBR) generating 200 MW and cooled by hydrogen was used as the baseline against which all the comparisons were made. Both 19 and 37 element cores were considered. The larger number of elements was found to be necessary in the case of carbon dioxide. The coolant reactivity worth was found to be directly proportional to the hydrogen coolant content. It was found that due to differences in the thermophysical proportions of the coolant that it would not be possible to use one reactor for all the coolants. The reactor would have to be constructed specifically for a coolant type.

SiC and AlN are two of the important high temperature structural ceramics. AlN and the 2H polytype of SiC are isostructural. Prior work has shown that they form an extension solid solution at temperatures {ge} 2000{degrees}C. At lower temperatures, the solid solution can undergo phase separation. Additionally, Al{sub 2}OC is also isostructural and can form extensive solid solutions with SiC and AlN. The formation of solid solutions in such refractory materials as well as the tendency to undergo diffusional phase transformations suggests that a potential exists to improve properties through alloying. The principal objective of the proposed work is to examine phase relations, phase transformations, the resulting precipitate morphologies and their influence on mechanical properties of SiC-AlN-Al{sub 2}OC ceramics. Formation of modulated structures have been documented in SiC-AlN ceramics in our work. It has been shown that modulations occur along directions other than the (0001) direction and this results in the formation of a tweed type of a microstructure. In the AlN-Al{sub 2}OC system, the occurrence of cellular precipitates as well as coherent, disc-shaped precipitates has been observed. During the past year, work has progressed in the following areas: (1) Phase separation in SiC-AlN system: The effect of coherency strain …

We proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a catalytic membrane reactor (a ceramic membrane combined with a catalyst) to selectively produce methanol by partial oxidation of methane. Methanol is used as a chemical feedstock, gasoline additive, and turbine fuel. Methane partial oxidation using a catalytic membrane reactor has been determined as one of the promising approaches for methanol synthesis from methane. In the original proposal, the membrane was used to be used to selectively remove methanol from the reaction zone before carbon oxides form, thus increasing the methanol yield. Methanol synthesis and separation in one step would also make methane more valuable for producing chemicals and fuels. The cooling tube inserted inside the membrane reactor has created a low temperature zone that rapidly quenches the product stream. This system has proved effective for increasing methanol selectivity during CH[sub 4] oxidation, and we are using and modifying this non-isothermal, non-permselective membrane reactor.

We proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a catalytic membrane reactor (a ceramic membrane combined with a catalyst) to selectively produce methanol by partial oxidation of methane. Methanol is used as a chemical feedstock, gasoline additive, and turbine fuel. Methane partial oxidation using a catalytic membrane reactor has been determined as one of the promising approaches for methanol synthesis from methane. In the original proposal, the membrane was used to be used to selectively remove methanol from the reaction zone before carbon oxides form, thus increasing the methanol yield. Methanol synthesis and separation in one step would also make methane more valuable for producing chemicals and fuels. The cooling tube inserted inside the membrane reactor has created a low temperature zone that rapidly quenches the product stream. This system has proved effective for increasing methanol selectivity during CH{sub 4} oxidation, and we are using and modifying this non-isothermal, non-permselective membrane reactor.

Mathematical programming models have been developed to represent imperfectly competitive (oligopolistic) market structures and the interdependencies of decision-making units in establishing prices and production levels. The solution of these models represents an economic equilibrium. A subgame perfect equilibrium formulation explicitly considers that each agent`s strategies depend on the current state of the system; the state depends solely on previous decisions made by the economic agents. The structure of an industry-wide model that is formulated as a subgame perfect equilibrium problem is a matrix of simultaneous mathematical programming problems, where the rows represent time periods and the columns represent agents. This paper formally defines the subgame perfect equilibrium problem that includes mathematical programs for agent decision problems, and it characterizes the feasible space in a way that is conducive to the solution of the problem. The existence of equilibrium solutions on convex subspaces of the feasible region is proved, and this set is shown to contain the subgame perfect equilibrium solutions. A procedure for computing equilibrium solutions and systematically searching the subspaces is illustrated by a numerical example.

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This report contains the original University of New Mexico inputs to various aspects of LANL`s Probabilistic Risk Assessment of K Reactor. Most of this input was ultimately incorporated into one of the two referenced reports. Since the work summarized in the attached sheets was preliminary in nature and later revised under Subcontract 9-X60-D1200-1, Task 46, the following reports should be consulted for more current technical information: J.L. Darby, D.V. Rao, B.E. Simpkins, and F.E. Haskin, Savannah River Site K Reactor Filter Heatup Model, SEA Report No. 90-500-007-A-1, July 31, 1991 and D.W. Stack et al, Electrical Systems` Contribution to K Reactor Accident Sequence Frequency, LANL Report LA-CP-01-415, February 1992.

Comparative cleaning tests have been done on four candidate materials for use in APS beamline and front-end vacuum components. These materials are 304 SS, 304L SS, OFHC copper, and Glidcop* (Cu-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3})- Samples of each material were prepared and cleaned using two different methods. After cleaning, the sample surfaces were analyzed using ESCA (Electron Spectography for Chemical Analysis). Uncleaned samples were used as a reference. The cleaning methods and surface analysis results are further discussed.

Studies on the carbonylation of ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(L)(CO)Ru-R complexes (L = CO, PPh{sub 3}; R = CH{sub 2}OMe, CH{sub 3}) have been completed. Particularly noteworthy is that the methoxymethyl complexes readily transform to their acyl derivatives under mild conditions that leave their iron congeners inert towards CO. Surprisingly, even ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}Ru-CH{sub 3} carbonylates and gives ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(PPh{sub 3})(CO)Ru-C(O)CH{sub 3}. Mechanistic studies on the non catalyzed'' hydrosilation of the manganese acyls (CO){sub 5}Mn-C(O)CH{sub 2}R (R = H, OCH{sub 3}, CH{sub 3}) with Et{sub 3}SiH and of cobalt acetyls (CO){sub 3}(PR{sub 3})CoC(O)CH{sub 3} with several monohydrosilanes have been completed. The cobalt acetyls cleanly give ethoxysilanes (not acetaldehyde), and the manganese acyls provide {alpha}-siloxyvinyl complexes Z-(CO){sub 5}Mn-C(OSiEt{sub 3})=CHR (R = H, CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 3}). Carbonylation and protolytic cleavage of the latter generate pyruvoyl complexes (CO){sub 5}Mn-COCOR (R = CH{sub 3}, CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}), formally the products of net double carbonylation'' sequences. Studies in progress are concerned with how manganese complexes as diverse as (CO){sub 5}Mn-Y (Y = C(O)R, R, BR - but not SiMe{sub 3} or Mn(CO){sub 5}) and ({eta}{sup 3}-C{sub 3}H{sub 5})Mn(CO){sub 2}L (but not CpMn(CO){sub 3} or CpMn(CO){sub 2}({eta}{sup 2}HSiR{sub 3})) function as efficient hydrosilation catalysts towards Cp(CO){sub 2}FeC(O)CH{sub …

Studies on the carbonylation of ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(L)(CO)Ru-R complexes (L = CO, PPh{sub 3}; R = CH{sub 2}OMe, CH{sub 3}) have been completed. Particularly noteworthy is that the methoxymethyl complexes readily transform to their acyl derivatives under mild conditions that leave their iron congeners inert towards CO. Surprisingly, even ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}Ru-CH{sub 3} carbonylates and gives ({eta}{sup 5}-indenyl)(PPh{sub 3})(CO)Ru-C(O)CH{sub 3}. Mechanistic studies on the ``non catalyzed`` hydrosilation of the manganese acyls (CO){sub 5}Mn-C(O)CH{sub 2}R (R = H, OCH{sub 3}, CH{sub 3}) with Et{sub 3}SiH and of cobalt acetyls (CO){sub 3}(PR{sub 3})CoC(O)CH{sub 3} with several monohydrosilanes have been completed. The cobalt acetyls cleanly give ethoxysilanes (not acetaldehyde), and the manganese acyls provide {alpha}-siloxyvinyl complexes Z-(CO){sub 5}Mn-C(OSiEt{sub 3})=CHR (R = H, CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 3}). Carbonylation and protolytic cleavage of the latter generate pyruvoyl complexes (CO){sub 5}Mn-COCOR (R = CH{sub 3}, CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}), formally the products of net ``double carbonylation`` sequences. Studies in progress are concerned with how manganese complexes as diverse as (CO){sub 5}Mn-Y [Y = C(O)R, R, BR - but not SiMe{sub 3} or Mn(CO){sub 5}] and ({eta}{sup 3}-C{sub 3}H{sub 5})Mn(CO){sub 2}L [but not CpMn(CO){sub 3} or CpMn(CO){sub 2}({eta}{sup 2}HSiR{sub 3})] function as efficient hydrosilation catalysts towards Cp(CO){sub 2}FeC(O)CH{sub …

Progress is reported on the following: investigation of adsorption/desorption during reinjection at the Geysers, drawdown and buildup pressure analysis in multiwell reservoirs, adsorption of water vapor on reservoir rocks, and estimation of desorption parameters from experimental data. (MHR)

Progress is reported on the following: investigation of adsorption/desorption during reinjection at the Geysers, drawdown and buildup pressure analysis in multiwell reservoirs, adsorption of water vapor on reservoir rocks, and estimation of desorption parameters from experimental data. (MHR)

CALOR89 is a system of coupled Monte Carlo particle transport computer codes which has been successfully employed for the estimation of calorimeter parameters in High Energy Physics. In the past CALOR89 has been running on various IBM machines and on CRAY X-MP at Lawrence Livermore Lab. These machines had non-unix operating systems. In this report we present a UNIX version of CALOR89, which is especially suited for the UNIX work stations. Moreover CALOR89 is also been supplemented with two new program packages which makes it more user friendly. CALPREP is a program for the preparation of the input files for CALOR89 in general geometry and ANALYZ is an analysis package to extract the final results from CALOR89 relevant to calorimeters. This report also provides two script files LCALOR and PCALOR. LCALOR runs CALOR89 sequences of programs and EGS4 for a given configuration sequentially on a single processor and PCALOR concurrently on a multiprocessor unix workstation.

CALOR89 is a system of coupled Monte Carlo particle transport computer codes which has been successfully employed for the estimation of calorimeter parameters in High Energy Physics. In the past CALOR89 has been running on various IBM machines and on CRAY X-MP at Lawrence Livermore Lab. These machines had non-unix operating systems. In this report we present a UNIX version of CALOR89, which is especially suited for the UNIX work stations. Moreover CALOR89 is also been supplemented with two new program packages which makes it more user friendly. CALPREP is a program for the preparation of the input files for CALOR89 in general geometry and ANALYZ is an analysis package to extract the final results from CALOR89 relevant to calorimeters. This report also provides two script files LCALOR and PCALOR. LCALOR runs CALOR89 sequences of programs and EGS4 for a given configuration sequentially on a single processor and PCALOR concurrently on a multiprocessor unix workstation.

The objective of the proposed research is to characterize the function and regulation of a set of embryonic genes which are expressed in the embryos, not in the plants. 22 cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library we constructed using mRNAS of -carrot somatic embryos. These cDNA clones identified mRNA species that are present in the somatic and zygotic embryos, but not in adult plants. The sequence of all 22cDNA clones were determined; genomic clones for three cDNA clones, DC8, DC59, and DC49 were isolated and gene sequences determined. DC8, DC49, and several other genes identified by the cDNA sequences belong to the category of late embryogenesis abundant protein genes, Lea. The function of these gens have not yet been determined, but they share common structural features, are regulated by ABA and are speculated to play a role in seed desiccation.

The objective of the proposed research is to characterize the function and regulation of a set of embryonic genes which are expressed in the embryos, not in the plants. 22 cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library we constructed using mRNAS of -carrot somatic embryos. These cDNA clones identified mRNA species that are present in the somatic and zygotic embryos, but not in adult plants. The sequence of all 22cDNA clones were determined; genomic clones for three cDNA clones, DC8, DC59, and DC49 were isolated and gene sequences determined. DC8, DC49, and several other genes identified by the cDNA sequences belong to the category of late embryogenesis abundant protein genes, Lea. The function of these gens have not yet been determined, but they share common structural features, are regulated by ABA and are speculated to play a role in seed desiccation.

The subject invention, ``A Pipe Cleaning Machine,`` known as ``Buffy,`` is a device that strips pipeline of its coating down to the metal. The apparatus consists of a series of motor-driven metal brushes mounted on a ring structure that fits the around the pipe`s circumference. Once stripped, the pipeline may or may not be abrasive-blasted, but is then coated and wrapped, and the trench is back-filled. Present models of the Buffy can be used on pipe up to 36`` in diameter. One of the device`s unique features is its ability to operate while the pipeline remains in service.

The Tritium Migration Analysis Program, Version 4 (TMAP4) has been developed by the Fusion Safety Program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) as a safety analysis code, mainly to analyze tritium retention and loss in fusion reactor structures and systems during normal operation and accident conditions. TMAP4 incorporates one-dimensional thermal- and mass-diffusive transport and trapping calculations through structures and zero dimensional fluid transport between enclosures and across the interface between enclosures and structures. A key feature is the ability to input problem definition parameters as constants, interpolation tables, or FORTRAN equations. The code is specifically intended for use under a DOS operating system on PC-type mini-computers, but it has also been run successfully on workstations and mainframe computer systems. Use of the equation-input feature requires access to a FORTRAN-77 compiler and a linker program.

The Tritium Migration Analysis Program, Version 4 (TMAP4) has been developed by the Fusion Safety Program at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) as a safety analysis code, mainly to analyze tritium retention and loss in fusion reactor structures and systems during normal operation and accident conditions. TMAP4 incorporates one-dimensional thermal- and mass-diffusive transport and trapping calculations through structures and zero dimensional fluid transport between enclosures and across the interface between enclosures and structures. A key feature is the ability to input problem definition parameters as constants, interpolation tables, or FORTRAN equations. The code is specifically intended for use under a DOS operating system on PC-type mini-computers, but it has also been run successfully on workstations and mainframe computer systems. Use of the equation-input feature requires access to a FORTRAN-77 compiler and a linker program.

The major emphasis of this project continues to be on fundamental symmetries and parameters of the Standard Model. A test of a quark model prediction was also done. The projects in the current period have been the following: LSND, a neutrino oscillation experiment at LAMPF; E791, a search for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee; E871, tests and preparations for an upgrade proposal; and E888, a search for the H dibaryon. The LSND (Large Scintillator Neutrino Detector) is under construction at this time. Progress in the construction schedule has been accelerated with the expectation of being ready to accept beam in March 1993. The automated system for testing photomultiplier tubes is in full production, and should be able to certify a fun complement of tubes for installation by October 1992. Results of an earlier LAMPF experiment, E764, on the interaction of muon neutrinos with carbon nuclei have been submitted for publication. A thorough `blind` analysis of the E791 data set has just been brought to completion. Final results for the upper limits (90% C.L.) on the branching ratios for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee are …

The major emphasis of this project continues to be on fundamental symmetries and parameters of the Standard Model. A test of a quark model prediction was also done. The projects in the current period have been the following: LSND, a neutrino oscillation experiment at LAMPF; E791, a search for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee; E871, tests and preparations for an upgrade proposal; and E888, a search for the H dibaryon. The LSND (Large Scintillator Neutrino Detector) is under construction at this time. Progress in the construction schedule has been accelerated with the expectation of being ready to accept beam in March 1993. The automated system for testing photomultiplier tubes is in full production, and should be able to certify a fun complement of tubes for installation by October 1992. Results of an earlier LAMPF experiment, E764, on the interaction of muon neutrinos with carbon nuclei have been submitted for publication. A thorough 'blind' analysis of the E791 data set has just been brought to completion. Final results for the upper limits (90% C.L.) on the branching ratios for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee are …

The nozzle installed in the circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA) was slightly modified because of a technical difficulty in making the small holes less than 100 {mu}m. The holes were punctured with a very tiny drill bits in diameter of 275 {mu}m, and the number of holes were adjusted. The 951 TGA (Du Pont Co.) was also modified for the kinetic information on the hydration and sulfation of limes under low temperatures. The modified thermalgravimetric analyzer (TGA) includes a syringe in order to simulate the water sprayings in a CFBA. Water droplets through the needle attached to the syringe are added onto the lime sample in a TGA. Two discrete ranges of Dravo limes were prepared as solid sorbents for sulfation tests. One ranged between 1095 {mu}m (16 mesh) and 2380 {mu}m (8 mesh) in diameter and the other ranged between 595 {mu}m (30 mesh) and 1095 {mu}m (16 mesh). The experimental methods for kinetic studies with TGA and for CFBA operation were established through the pre-operation of CFBA.

This report discusses the following topics on research of microwave amplifiers for linear colliders: Context in current microwave technology development; gated field emission for microwave cathodes; cathode fabrication and tests; microwave cathode design using field emitters; and microwave localization.