This engineering note describes the testing of the argoll spill duct bellows. It includes a detailed explanation of the procedures, along with a summary of the results of the testing done on 2/18/91 and 2/19/91 by Gary Trotter. The original bellows were purchased from Expansion Joint Systems (see Appendix 2). The general conclusion from the testing was that the leaks that were found were small enough so that they would not show up at the design pressure of 0.1 psig. Therefore, the leaks were acceptable, and the conclusion was that the bellows were fit for use.

The single most important determinant of the overall Central Calorimeter (CC) shape is the criterion for depth of hadron shower containment. This criterion and its rapidity dependence is discussed in a companion document to this report titled ``Depth Requirements in SSC Calorimeters`` by a D. Green et al., SDC-91-00016. The conclusion reached there is that the calorimeter should be 10 {lambda} thick at {eta} = 0 and increase smoothly to 12 {lambda} at {eta} = 3. We adopt this criterion in this report and discuss the mechanical properties and design details of a CC that meets this condition.

A series of carbonyl-based homogeneous catalyst precursors has been prepared. These species include: Fe(CO){sub 4}PPh{sub 3}, Fe(CO){sub 3}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 2}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}CS{sub 2}, S{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}, S{sub 2}Fe{sub 3}(CO){sub 9}. Fe(CO){sub 4}PPh{sub 3} was prepared by a combined photochemical and thermal route from triphenylphosphine (PPh{sub 3}) in iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO){sub 5}). This preparation procedure, which is selective to the monosubstituted product, is outlined herein. Currently these compounds are being tested as catalysts/catalyst precursors with coal or model compounds in the tubing bomb reactors to provide information relating catalytic activity to catalyst structure and properties. (VC)

A series of carbonyl-based homogeneous catalyst precursors has been prepared. These species include: Fe(CO){sub 4}PPh{sub 3}, Fe(CO){sub 3}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 2}(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2}CS{sub 2}, S{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}, S{sub 2}Fe{sub 3}(CO){sub 9}. Fe(CO){sub 4}PPh{sub 3} was prepared by a combined photochemical and thermal route from triphenylphosphine (PPh{sub 3}) in iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO){sub 5}). This preparation procedure, which is selective to the monosubstituted product, is outlined herein. Currently these compounds are being tested as catalysts/catalyst precursors with coal or model compounds in the tubing bomb reactors to provide information relating catalytic activity to catalyst structure and properties. (VC)

Oxide layers form on the surfaces of many metallic mirrors. The oxidation may occur during fabrication or after the mirror is finished and installed. Some oxide layers may be intentionally added to protect the mirror or to change its optical properties. Computer calculations predict the effect of oxide layers on optical and ultraviolet reflectance as well as the x-ray absorption and concomitant thermal damage to the mirrors. 6 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

This publication provides monthly statistics at the national, Census division, and State levels for net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, cost of fuel, electricity sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and cost of fuel are also displayed at the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) region level. Additionally, statistics at the company and plant level are published in the EPM on capability of new plants, net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, and cost of fuel. 4 figs., 63 tabs.

During the present reporting period, experimental measurements were obtained on the solubility of carbon monoxide (CO) in selected hydrocarbons using our static type equilibrium cell. Binary mixtures involving CO + n-eicosane (n-C{sub 20}), n-octacosane (n-C{sub 28}), and n-hexatricontane (n-C{sub 36}) were studied at temperatures from 323.2 to 423.2 K and pressures to 104 bar. These data were analyzed using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson equations of state. While a single interaction parameter, C{sub ij}, describes the n-C{sub 20} and n-C{sub 28} measurements within 0.004 in mole fraction over the full temperature range, temperature dependent parameters are required to adequately fit the n-C{sub 36} data. The present data are in reasonable agreement with the earlier measurements of Huang and coworkers in general, deviations within 0.004 in mole fraction are observed.

During the present reporting period, experimental measurements were obtained on the solubility of carbon monoxide (CO) in selected hydrocarbons using our static type equilibrium cell. Binary mixtures involving CO + n-eicosane (n-C{sub 20}), n-octacosane (n-C{sub 28}), and n-hexatricontane (n-C{sub 36}) were studied at temperatures from 323.2 to 423.2 K and pressures to 104 bar. These data were analyzed using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson equations of state. While a single interaction parameter, C{sub ij}, describes the n-C{sub 20} and n-C{sub 28} measurements within 0.004 in mole fraction over the full temperature range, temperature dependent parameters are required to adequately fit the n-C{sub 36} data. The present data are in reasonable agreement with the earlier measurements of Huang and coworkers in general, deviations within 0.004 in mole fraction are observed.

The program ESME for modeling the longitudinal degree of freedom of beam dynamics in proton synchrotrons was described in considerable detail in User's Guide to ESME v. 7.1'' distributed about a year ago. This note corrects minor errors and omissions in the User's Guide, discusses bugs and crochets, notes fixes, and reports a few enhancements. Current work and plans are sketched. This note should be adequate to update the User's Guide. 8 refs.

The use of flammable gas and high voltage in detector systems is common in many experiments at Fermilab. To mitigate the hazards associated with these systems, Fermilab Engineering Standard SD-45B (Ref. 1) was adopted. Since this note is meant to be a guide and not a mandatory standard, each experiment is reviewed for compliance with SD-45B by the flammable gas safety subcommittee. Currently, there are only two types of flammable gas in use, ethane (Appendix A) and methane (Appendix B). The worst flammable-gas case is C2H6 (ethane), which has an estimated flow rate that is 73% of the CH4 (methane) flow but a heat of combustion (in kcal/g-mole) that is 173% of that of methane. In the worst case, if ethane were to spew through its restricting orifice into its gas line at 0 psig and then through a catastrophic leak into Room 215 (TRD) or Room 511 (CDC/FDCNTX), the time that would be required to build up a greater than Class 1 inventory (0.4kg H2 equivalent) would be 5.2 hours (Ref. 2). Therefore a worst-case flammable gas leak would have to go undetected for over 5 hours in order to transform a either mixing room to an environment with …

The objectives of the present work can be divided into three parts. The first objective was to develop a best-fit model for the older methanol synthesis catalyst (BASF S3-85) data base. At the time that this work commenced (June 1989), the BASF S3-85 data base contained many rate measurements accumulated over a few years. The newer catalyst (BASF S3-86) data base, at that time, contained only a few observations and did not include a broad range of conditions. Thus, a second objective of this work was to expand the BASF S3-86 data base to include more rate observations over a broader range of conditions. Finally, after expansion of the BASF S3-86 data base, the third objective was to develop a rate expression to describe this data base. This would include the application of rate expressions developed for the BASF S3-85 catalyst, as well as new models. (VC)

The emittance of antiprotons in the debuncher was measured using two methods during normal stacking conditions. With 2.3 seconds of cooling the vertical emittance was found to be 3.6 {pi} mm-mr using scraper D:TJ308, and 2.9 {pi} mm-mr using the profile on SEM806. With 6.9 seconds of cooling time time the measured horizontal emittance was 2.1 {pi} mm-mr using D:RJ306 v.s. 1.9 {pi} mm-mr using SEM806; but with 2.3 seconds of cooling the measured emittance in the debuncher was larger than in the DTOA line, 4.5 {pi} mm-mr v.s. 2.8 {pi} mm-mr. This suggests that some beam is being scraped on a horizontal aperture restriction someplace in the extraction process.

There is a considerable literature of studies of compensation in calorimeters at the microscopic and macroscopic level. I doubt that the exercise described here adds any fundamental understanding to previous studies, but it can be helpful in organizing thinking. Previous attempts at motivating the expense of a compensating calorimeter for an SSC detector have tended to show that noncompensation effects get buried by cone corrections and such. A marginally significant resolution increase was found in Z/Z` study for the LOl. Despite the certainty of reinvention, I opted to study the effects of e/h {ne} 1 in dijet balance, which will undoubtedly be used to extend calibrations across boundaries and study detector jet resolution. Although this is not a physics process which could offer some requirement for what is good enough, it does allow jet resolution to be reasonably defined.

This report focuses on radioactive waste form characteristics that will be used to design a waste package and an engineered barrier system (EBS) for a suitable repository as part of the Yucca Mountain Project. The term waste form refers to irradiated reactor fuel, other high-level waste (HLW) in various physical forms, and other radioactive materials (other than HLW) which are received for emplacement in a geologic repository. Any encapsulating of stabilizing matrix is also referred to as a waste form.

This report describes the development work and demonstration of a technique for separation of selenium suitable for determination of Se-79 by liquid scintillation counting. The technique has been demonstrated on actual DWPF (Defense Waste Processing Facility) sludge samples which contain very large loads of Sr-90 activity. The separation required a decontamination of selenium from Sr by a factor of over 10{sup 6}, from Co and Cs by factor of 10{sup 4}, and from Tc-99 by a factor of 100, while still maintaining a selenium recovery of about 50%. Using this technique the author has determined Se-79 in five actual DWPF samples with a precision of about 70% relative standard deviation. This separation has not been demonstrated on actual DWPF samples which have the largest Cs-137 loads. He does not anticipate that these untested samples will present a difficult problem.

The primary mild coal gasification product mixture containing noncondensible gas, high-boiling hydrocarbon vapors and entrained fines is difficult to process into the desired pure products: gas, liquids, and dry solids. This challenge for mild coal gasification process development has been studied by surveying the technical literature for suitable separations processes and for similar issues in related processes. The choice for a first-stage solids separation step is standard cyclones, arranged in parallel trains for large-volume applications in order to take advantage of the higher separation efficiency of smaller cyclones. However, mild gasification pilot-plant data show entrainment of ultrafine particles for which standard cyclones have poor separation efficiency. A hot secondary solids separation step is needed for the ultrafine entrainment in order to protect the liquid product from excessive amounts of contaminating solids. The secondary solids separation step is similar to many high-temperature flue-gas applications with an important complicating condition: Mild gasifier vapors form coke on surfaces in contact with the vapors. Plugging of the filter medium by coke deposition is concluded to be the main product separation problem for mild gasification. Three approaches to solution of this problem are discussed in the order of preference: (1) a barrier filter medium made …

Rocky Flats Plant Transuranic Waste Drums were sampled for gas composition. Combustibles, plastics, Raschig rings, solidified organic sludge, and solidified inorganic sludge transuranic waste forms were sampled. Plastic bag material and waste samples were also taken from some solidified sludge waste drums. A vacuum system was used to sample each layer of containment inside a waste drum, including individual waste bags. G values (gas generation) were calculated for the waste drums. Analytical results indicate that very low concentrations of potentially flammable or corrosive gas mixtures will be found in vented drums. G(H{sub 2}) was usually below 1.6, while G(Total) was below 4.0. Hydrogen permeability tests on different types of plastic waste bags used at Rocky Flats were also conducted. Polyvinylchloride was slightly more permeable to hydrogen than polyethylene for new or creased material. Permeability of aged material to hydrogen was slightly higher than for new material. Solidified organic and inorganic sludges were sampled for volatile organics. The analytical results from two drums of solidified organic sludges showed concentrations were above detection limits for four of the 36 volatile organics analyzed. The analytical results for four of the five solidified inorganic sludges show that concentrations were below detection limits for all …

Small-scale processes that influence wetted structure within the plane of a horizontal fracture as the fracture wets or drains through the matrix are investigated. Our approach integrates both aperture-scale modeling and physical experimentation. Several types of aperture-scale models have been defined and implemented. A series of physical experimental systems that allow us to measure wetted-region structure as a function of system parameters and water pressure head in analogue fractures also have been designed. In our preliminary proof-of-concept experiment, hysteresis is clearly evident in the measured saturation/pressure relation, as is the process of air entrapment, which causes a reduction in the connected areas between blocks and the wetted region available for flow in the plane of the fracture. A percolation threshold where the system is quickly spanned, allowing fluid conduction in the fracture plane, is observed which is analogous to that found in the aperture-scale models. A fractal wetted and entrapped-region structure is suggested by both experiment and modeling. This structure implies that flow tortuosity for both flow in the fracture and for inter-block fluid transfer is a scale-dependent function of pressure head.