The Oak Ridge Inverse code, ORINC, calculates the temperature distribution in an electric core pin from internal temperatures and the conditions in the surrounding environment. While the internal temperatures can be obtained from thermocouples in the Thermal Hydraulic Test Facility, the needed environmental conditions cannot be determined as directly from experimental data. However, this information can be determined from a modified version of the Reactor Linearized Analysis Program, RELAP. In particular, the IBM form of RELAP/MOD5 UPDATE2, as released by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, was modified to save the proper information in a convenient format. This document describes this RELAP-to-ORINC interface version of RELAP4 which has been named RLPORINC.

An investigation was conducted to measure the pressure obtained when the pyrotechnic mixture TiH/sub x//KClO/sub 4/ was ignited in a confined variable-volume system. It was possible to derive an expression of the form PV/sup ..gamma../ = k for the pressure-volume relationship obtained. This expression is a polytropic expansion of the ideal gas equation that best fits the data generated. For this particular work, values of ..gamma.. = 0.53 and k = 69.3 were obtained where P is in megapascals and V is in cubic centimeters. In addition, estimates of the reaction rates were calculated based on the times to achieve maximum pressure for a given volume system. An explicit expression relating rate to pressure was derived by a simplified least-squares fit of the data obtained.

Highlights of technical progress during January 1978 are presented for sixteen separate program activities which comprise the ORNL research program for the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research's Division of Reactor Safety Research.

The computer programs currently used in the analysis of the ORNL-PWR Blowdown Heat Transfer Separate-Effects Program are overviewed. The current linkages and relationships among the programs are given along with general comments about the future directions of some of these programs. The overview is strictly from the computer science point of view with only minimal information concerning the engineering aspects of the analysis procedure.

In the course of an extensive investigation of tritium in the aquifer underlying the Mound Facility site, an unusual behavior was noted for a beta-emitting radionuclide contaminant present in the environs of the abandoned Miami-Erie Canal adjacent to the laboratory site. The soil contaminant was determined to be tritium, of which 90% was in the form of a relatively stable or bound species that was not readily exchangeable with the free water in the soil. (Bound-to-exchangeable transfer half-time was found to be approximately 3 yr.) The contamination was found to be concentrated within two feet of the surface in the center of the canal channel and near the Facility site drainage ditch and canal confluence. In order to characterize the contaminant and to assess its potential for reaching the aquifer, an analysis program and study were initiated in September 1976. The results and findings from the first phase of this work which was completed in February 1977 are the subject of this report.

The Theoretical EOS Group develops theoretical techniques for describing material properties under extreme conditions and constructs equation-of-state (EOS) tables for specific applications. Work this quarter concentrated on a Li equation of state, equation of state for equilibrium plasma, improved ion corrections to the Thomas--Fermi--Kirzhnitz theory, and theoretical estimates of high-pressure melting in metals. The Experimental Physics Group investigates properties of materials at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, and develops new experimental techniques. Effort this quarter concerned the following: parabolic projectile distortion in the two-state light-gas gun, construction of a ballistic range for long-rod penetrators, thermodynamics and sound velocities in liquid metals, isobaric expansion measurements in Pt, and calculation of the velocity--mass profile of a jet produced by a shaped charge. Code development was concentrated on the PELE code, a multimaterial, multiphase, explicit finite-difference Eulerian code for pool suppression dynamics of a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident in a nuclear reactor. Activities of the Fluid Dynamics Group were directed toward development of a code to compute the equations of state and transport properties of liquid metals (e.g. Li) and partially ionized dense plasmas, jet stability in the Li reactor system, and the study and problem application of fluid dynamic turbulence theory. 19 …

Literature on ways for saving energy by retrofitting single family homes was surveyed, and each energy conservation option is evaluated for economic desirability. The options considered include the prevention of heat losses by reducing air infiltration and by increasing thermal insulation, optimizing furnace operation, lowering space and water heater temperatures, flue gas heat recovery, and controlling hot water flow. The cost and payback period is given for each option. (LCL)

Plans are presented for insolation testing of a full-scale test receiver panel and supporting hardware which essentially duplicate both physically and functionally the design planned for the 10 MWe pilot plant. Testing includes operation during normal start and shutdown, intermittent cloud conditions, and emergencies to determine the transient and steady state operating characteristics and performance under conditions equal to or exceeding those expected in the pilot plant. The effects of variations of input and output conditions on receiver operation are also to be investigated. A brief description of the pilot plant receiver subsystem is presented, followed by a detailed description of the receiver assembly to be tested at the Solar Thermal Test Facility. Major subassemblies are described, including the receiver panel, flow control, electrical control and instrumentation, and the structural assembly. Requirements of the Solar Thermal Test Facility for the tests are given. System safety measures are described. The tests, operating conditions, and expected results are presented. Quality assurance, task responsibilities, and test documentation are also discussed. (LEW)

This report examines the implications of thee Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 concerned with provisions designed to prevent the significant deterioration of air quality in areas of the nation where the ambient air is cleaner than the minimum levels required to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The legislation will affect the economic competitiveness of alternative fuel cycles for the generation of power and will have implications for the future siting of all new major sources of emissions. This paper examines the potential effects of Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) legislation on energy technologies and industrial facilities and, in particular, the possible effects on energy research and development programs of the Department of Energy (DOE).

Progress in biochemical reaction kinetics of photosynthetic energy conversion is reported. (PCS)

The repository in Columbia Plateau basalt will receive nuclear waste in canisters (spent fuel, HLW, and ILW) and drums (low-level waste). This document establishes the management plan for the preconceptual design of the basalt repository. (DLC)

A theoretical development is presented of a leaf model and the effects of simple sulfur compounds (H{sub 2}S and SO{sub 2}) on photosynthesis based upon biochemical mechanisms. The model is developed to interpret short-term fumigation experiments and to use with season-long fumigation experiments to assess the effects of these compounds on growth. The model is designed as a submodel in a growth-and-allocation model of the plant. Included in this development are an analysis of the diffusion of CO{sub 2} and sulfur compound into the leaf, enzymatic interactions of sulfur in dark and light reactions of photosynthesis, temperature dependence of the kinetics and denaturization of enzymes, metabolism of sulfur compounds, and a hypothesis for the long-term effects of sulfur compounds. Enhanced photosynthesis at low H{sub 2}S levels, depression of photosynthesis at high H/sub 2/S levels, threshold to effects of sulfur pollutants, and the nature of the temperature dependence of photosynthesis are explained. Parameters in the model for sugar beets from data in the literature and from experiments funded through LLL were used. The properties of the model were analyzed. Data and experiments still required, sensitivities of the model to parameters and variables, implications to assessments, and the setting of standards for …

PSEPLOT is a computer routine that was developed for the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Octopus computer system to generate several thousand plots of engineering data in a consistent format for referencing and comparison. The time-dependent engineering data were recorded during each of 25 tests of the Mark I Pressure Suppression Experiment (PSE). Although PSEPLOT is restricted to PSE, its concept is applicable to any similar data management task.

A 50 MHz bunching cavity was built and operated at BNL for studies into the effect of bunching on neutralization of a 750 keV proton beam. Since this cavity was intended for a short testing period, a low cost unit that could be assembled rapidly was desired. This cavity is described.

This paper describes a number of physics studies relevant to tandem mirror confinement. We give the basic axial confinement laws and show that T/sub e/ depends critically upon end loss. Sufficient central-cell end loss can stabilize the drift-cyclotron loss-cone mode in the plugs, although the resultant T/sub e/ scaling is too slow for reactors. Minimum-B plugs stabilize flute MHD- and rotation-driven modes; local ballooning sets limits on ..beta.. > or equal to 0.5. Proper magnetic symmetry is important for good drift confinement. For small increases in the total injected power, supplementary ion-cyclotron r.f. heating can halve the neutral-beam energy required to maintain plug densities.

The concept of order is analyzed for general hadronic amplitudes. It is shown that unitarity imposes restrictions on the graphs used to represent the ordered amplitudes and the most general graphs consistent with unitarity are derived and then analyzed in terms of their topological properties. The mathematical ingredients for the classification of higher order corrections to the ordered amplitudes are introduced. Three ''indices'' characterizing the topological amplitudes and their products are defined and are shown to be consistent and complete for the classification. A connection with the 1/N expansion, similar to the one introduced by Veneziano for mesons, is suggested.

Cyclic lives obtained from strain controlled fatigue tests at 593/sup 0/C from specimens irradiated to a fluence of 1 to 2.63 x 10/sup 26/ n/m/sup 2/ (E greater than 0.1 MeV) were compared to predictions based on the method of strainrange partitioning. When appropriate tensile and creep-rupture ductilities were employed reasonably good estimates of the influence of hold periods and irradiation damage on the fully reversed fatigue life of type 316 stainless steel could be made. Ductility values for 20 percent cold-worked type 316 stainless steel specimens irradiated in a mixed spectrum fission reactor were used to estimate fusion reactor first wall lifetime. The ductility values were from irradiations that simulate the environment of the first wall of a fusion reactor. Neutron wall loadings ranging from 2 to 5 MW/m/sup 2/ were used. Results, although conjectural because of the many assumptions, tended to show that 20 percent cold-worked type 316 stainless steel could be used as a first wall material meeting a 7.5 to 8.5 MW-year/m/sup 2/ lifetime goal provided the neutron wall loading does not exceed more than about 2 MW/m/sup 2/. Results were obtained for an air environment, and it is expected that the actual vacuum environment will …

This manual describes system start-up, software, initialization module, sampling module, and operator commands. The system is designed for use with air pollution monitors. (RWR)

The contract objective is to complete the design and development actions that upgrade the 40-kW fuel cell power plant to a configuration suitable for on-site demonstration testing. The modifications will improve operating capability, durability and maintenance interval and lead to reduced production costs. Equipment to recover and use the by-product heat of electric generation will be available on the power plant for field verification of on-site heat recovery. The 40-kW power plant will be compatible with the power characteristics required for conventional heat pumps and conventional 60 Hz, 120/208 volts electrically operated equipment. Progress is reported. (WHK)

This report discusses some of the physics issues anticipated in field-reversed mirrors. The effect of current cancellation due to electrons is described. An estimate is made of the required impurity level to maintain a field-reversed configuration. The SUPERLAYER code is used to simulate the high-..beta.. 2XIIB results, and favorable comparisons require inclusion of quasilinear RF turbulence. Impact of a quadrupole field on field-line closure and resonant transport is discussed. A simple self-consistent model of ion currents is presented. Conditions for stability of field-reversed configurations to E x B driven rotations are determined.

A defect in a deep penetration electron beam weld of 304L stainless steel to 21-6-9 stainless steel has been identified as a centerline hot crack. The study discussed in this report was made to define and to eliminate the cause of cracking.

The Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) is being built at Livermore to test the principles of the new tandem mirror reactor concept. In this concept the fusion plasma is confined in a long solenoid terminated at each end by mirror machines of the magnetic-well type. High density plasmas are maintained in each of the mirror end cells by neutral injection at high energies (up to 1 MeV in a high Q reactor). The usual positive ambipolar potential that automatically develops in each mirror cell serves as an electrostatic barrier that confines ions in the solenoid for many collision times, and the very stable plasmas in these end cells ''anchor'' each flux tube, thereby assuring MHD stability of the system up to betas of order unity in the solenoid. The TMX will test these main features of the tandem mirror idea and will also investigate optimum means of suppressing loss cone instabilities in the end cells based on methods demonstrated in the 2XIIB experiment. The end cells will be similar in size and injected power to 2XIIB, but some injectors will operate at 40 kV. Expected parameters are n tau approximately 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ sec at ion energies of 20 keV …

Experiments have shown that it is possible to dissolve plutonium electrolytically in a nitric acid solution. Parameters such as current density and electrolyte composition have been investigated and are discussed. Also included are suggestions for future work.

Uncertainties with regard to many facets of repository site characterization have not yet been quantified. This report summarizes the state of knowledge of uncertainties in the measurement of porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and hydraulic gradient; uncertainties associated with various geophysical field techniques; and uncertainties associated with the effects of exploration and exploitation activities in bedded salt basins. The potential for seepage through a depository in bedded salt or shale is reviewed and, based upon the available data, generic values for the hydraulic conductivity and porosity of bedded salt and shale are proposed.