Adaptive mesh refinement is complicated by both the algorithms and the dynamic nature of the computations. In parallel the complexity of getting good performance is dependent upon the architecture and the application. Most attempts to address the complexity of AMR have lead to the development of library solutions, most have developed object-oriented libraries or frameworks. All attempts to date have made numerous and sometimes conflicting assumptions which make the evaluation of performance of AMR across different applications and architectures difficult or impracticable. The evaluation of different approaches can alternatively be accomplished through simulation of the different AMR processes. In this paper we outline our research work to simulate the processing of adaptive mesh refinement grids using a distributed array class library (P++). This paper presents a combined analytic and empirical approach, since details of the algorithms can be readily predicted (separated into specific phases), while the performance associated with the dynamic behavior must be studied empirically. The result, AMRSim, provides a simple way to develop bounds on the expected performance of AMR calculations subject to constraints given by the algorithms, frameworks, and architecture.

Modern antennas especially arrays are being placed in layers of materials on complex environments. This technique produces aesthetically pleasing structures if necessary, allows for more freedom in structure planning, and can improve antenna performance. In the past, buried antennas have been studied by numerous authors such as in Reference. Recent work on this subject uses spectral and/or numerical moment method formulations. For high frequency analysis it is important to find efficient and accurate methods for design purposes. A rigorous recursive method for plane waves reflection and transmission coefficients by Richmond has been used in the past for dipoles above multilayer slabs. This solution is modified in this paper to account for forward and backward traveling rays with appropriate spread factors for a dipole in the media. Extensive validation for this approximate method shows good agreement with a Method of Moments code. This code is developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The geometry for these comparisons uses a dipole in nontruncated dielectric multilayer slabs.

The authors discuss the decay of axion walls bounded by strings and present numerical simulations of the decay process. In these simulations, the decay happens immediately, in a time scale of order the light travel time, and the average energy of the radiated axions is <w{sub a}> {approx_equal} 7m{sub a} for v{sub a}/m{sub a} {approx_equal} 500. <w{sub a}> is found to increase approximately linearly with ln(v{sub a}/m{sub a}). Extrapolation of this behavior yields <w{sub a}> {approx_equal} 60 m{sub a} in axion models of interest.

The COPS test set provides a modest selection of difficult nonlinearly constrained optimization problems from applications in optimal design, fluid dynamics, parameter estimation, and optimal control. In this report we describe version 2.0 of the COPS problems. The formulation and discretization of the original problems have been streamlined and improved. We have also added new problems. The presentation of COPS follows the original report, but the description of the problems has been streamlined. For each problem we discuss the formulation of the problem and the structural data in Table 0.1 on the formulation. The aim of presenting this data is to provide an approximate idea of the size and sparsity of the problem. We also include the results of computational experiments with the LANCELOT, LOQO, MINOS, and SNOPT solvers. These computational experiments differ from the original results in that we have deleted problems that were considered to be too easy. Moreover, in the current version of the computational experiments, each problem is tested with four variations. An important difference between this report and the original report is that the tables that present the computational experiments are generated automatically from the testing script. This is explained in more detail in the …

This report explores key aspects of the intersection between the nation's clean air and energy goals and proposes alternatives for encouraging renewable energy in the context of the federal Clean Air Act (CAA). As with most environmental statutes enacted in the early 1970s, the 1970 CAA embraced a somewhat rigid ''command-and-control'' approach to achieving its clean air goals. Although effective, this approach has been criticized for discouraging creative and cost-effective solutions to reducing air emissions. In response to this concern, Congress included the first significant market-based program to address an environmental problem-in this case, acid rain caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from power plants-in the 1990 CAA Amendments. This program prompted the federal government and various state governments to pursue other market-based programs to address air pollution problems. Ten years have elapsed since the passage of the 1990 CAA Amendments, so the time is ripe to consider expanding opportunities for renewable energy development in the reform of clean air policies. A significant potential for renewables exists in conjunction with international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), including CO2. Unfortunately, Congressional opposition to international GHG reduction agreements makes it difficult to develop GHG emission-reduction programs, including a cap-and-trade …

This report provides technical documentation for values in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (PADs) in the ''2000 Emergency Response Guidebook'' (2000ERG). The objective for choosing the PADs specified in the 2000ERG was to balance the need to adequately protect the public from exposure to potentially harmful substances against the risks and expenses that could result from overreacting to a spill. To quantify this balance, a statistical approach was adopted, whereby the best available information was used to conduct an accident scenario analysis and develop a set of up to 100,000 hypothetical incidents. The set accounted for differences in the types of containers, types of incidents, severities of accidents (i.e., amounts released), locations, times of day, times of year, and meteorological conditions involved. Each scenario was analyzed by using detailed emission rate and atmospheric dispersion models to calculate the downwind chemical concentrations. The safe distance for each incident, defined as the distance downwind from the source at which the chemical concentration falls below the health criteria, was determined. The health criteria used were the American Industrial Hygiene Association's Emergency Response Planning Guideline Level 2 (ERPG-2) or equivalent criteria. The statistical sample of safe distance values for all …

This document contains the CY 2001 schedules for the routine collection of samples for the Surface Environmental Surveillance Project (SESP) and Drinking Water Monitoring Project. Each section includes sampling locations, sample types, and analyses to be performed.

This document contains the CY 2001 schedules for the routine collection of samples for the Surface Environmental Surveillance Project (SESP) and Drinking Water Monitoring Project. Each section includes sampling locations, sample types, and analyses to be performed.

Hosting a Showcase Demonstration Event describes how industrial manufacturers can showcase energy efficiency technologies that they have implemented in their plants. Companies can gain access to a wide variety of technical assistance and resources when they agree to host a showcase demonstration and this fact sheet explains how to participate.

Computational models of particle dynamics often exchange solution data with discretized continuum-fields using interpolation functions. These particle methods require a series expansion of the interpolation function for two purposes: numerical analyses used to establish the models consistency and accuracy, and logical-coordinate evaluation used to locate particles within a grid. This report presents a new method of developing discrete-expansions for interpolation; they are similar to multi-variable expansions but, unlike a Taylor's series, discrete-expansions are valid throughout a discretized domain. Discrete-expansions are developed herein by parametrically integrating the interpolation function's total-differential between two particles located within separate, non-contiguous cells. Discrete-expansions are valid for numerical analyses since they acknowledge the functional dependence of interpolation and account for mapping discontinuities across cell boundaries. The use of discrete-expansions for logical-coordinate evaluation provides an algorithmically robust and computationally efficient particle localization method. Verification of this new method is demonstrated herein on a simple test problem.

Some recent work has been done to look at improvements of transporting beam from the Lithium Lens to the Debuncher. This work has been done using the beamline modeling tools developed by Dave McGinnis. These tools, console application P143 and optimization code running MAD repeatedly on the Beam Physics UNIX system, were first used to match the Twiss and dispersion parameters at the end of AP2 to the Debuncher. Imaginary trims were then added to AP2 to study where additional trims could be used to help with beam control in small aperture areas.

Hardware performance counters are CPU registers that count data loads and stores, cache misses, and other events. Counter data can help programmers understand software performance. Although CPUs typically have multiple counters, each can monitor only one type of event at a time, and some counters can monitor only certain events. Therefore, some CPUs cannot concurrently monitor interesting combinations of events. Software multiplexing partly overcomes this limitation by using time sharing to monitor multiple events on one counter: However; counter multiplexing is harder to implement for multithreaded programs than for single-threaded ones because of certain difficulties in managing the length of the time slices. This paper describes a software library called MPX that overcomes these difficulties. MPX allows applications to gather hardware counter data concurrently for any combination of countable events. MPX data are typically within a few percent of counts recorded without multiplexing.

This report details a quantitative risk assessment conducted for transportation of selected hazardous materials on a national basis. These materials include six toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) chemicals, which account for more than 90% of the total TIH transportation-related risk; liquefied petroleum gas; gasoline; and explosives. For TIH materials, both highway and rail transportation are considered, and two classes of incidents are examined--those that occur (1) during a traffic accident or a train derailment and (2) while en route from the origin to the destination, but not during an accident or derailment. For the other materials evaluated in the study, only accident-related incidents for highway transportation are considered because transportation-related risk for these materials is dominated by highway incidents. The report describes the hazardous materials and consequence levels evaluated; the risk assessment methodology; the databases used to determine hazardous materials commodity flow and incident rates; and results of the study, including quantitative risk distributions and risk measures for the materials evaluated. The results suggest that, compared with other types of transportation risks encountered by the public, overall societal risks due to hazardous materials transportation remain relatively low. However, the potential exists for very serious accidents involving large numbers of injuries and fatalities, especially …

Increasingly in industry, software design and implementation is object-oriented, developed in C++ or Java, and relies heavily on pre-existing software libraries (e.g. the Microsoft Foundation Classes for C++, the Java API for Java). A similar but more tentative trend is developing in high-performance parallel scientific computing. The transition from serial to parallel application development considerably increases the need for library support: task creation and management, data distribution and dynamic redistribution, and inter-process and inter-processor communication and synchronization must be supported. PADRE is a library to support the interoperability of parallel applications. We feel there is significant need for just such a tool to compliment the many domain-specific application frameworks presently available today, but which are generally not interoperable.

Libraries arise naturally from the increasing complexity of developing scientific applications, the optimization of libraries is just one type of high-performance optimization. Many complex applications areas can today be addressed by domain-specific object-oriented frameworks. Such object-oriented frameworks provide an effective compliment to an object-oriented language and effectively permit the design of what amount to essentially domain-specific languages. The optimization of such a domain-specific library/language combination however is particularly complicated due to the inability of the compiler to optimize the use of the libraries abstractions. The recognition of the use of object-oriented abstractions within user applications is a particularly difficult but important step in the optimization of how objects are used within expressions and statements. Such recognition entails more than just complex pattern matching. The approach presented within this paper uses specially built grammars to parse the C++ representation. The C++ representation is itself obtained using a modified version of the SAGE II C/C++ source code restructuring tool which is inturn based upon the Edison Design Group (EDG) C++ front-end. ROSETTA is a tool which automatically builds grammars and parsers from class definitions, associated parsers parse abstract syntax trees (ASTs) of lower level grammars into ASTs of higher level grammars. The …

An industry-led initiative to identify key goals and strategies for the windows industry with an emphasis on energy conservation, enhanced quality, fast delivery, and low installed cost.

Drift seepage refers to flow of liquid water into repository emplacement drifts, where it can potentially contribute to degradation of the engineered systems and release and transport of radionuclides within the drifts. Because of these important effects, seepage into emplacement drifts is listed as a ''principal factor for the postclosure safety case'' in the screening criteria for grading of data in Attachment 1 of AP-3.15Q, Rev. 2, ''Managing Technical Product Inputs''. Abstraction refers to distillation of the essential components of a process model into a form suitable for use in total-system performance assessment (TSPA). Thus, the purpose of this analysis/model is to put the information generated by the seepage process modeling in a form appropriate for use in the TSPA for the Site Recommendation. This report also supports the Unsaturated-Zone Flow and Transport Process Model Report. The scope of the work is discussed below. This analysis/model is governed by the ''Technical Work Plan for Unsaturated Zone Flow and Transport Process Model Report'' (CRWMS M&O 2000a). Details of this activity are in Addendum A of the technical work plan. The original Work Direction and Planning Document is included as Attachment 7 of Addendum A. Note that the Work Direction and Planning …

An adaptive path planning algorithm is presented for cooperating Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) that are used to deploy and operate land-based sensor networks. The algorithm employs a global cost function to generate paths for the UAVs, and adapts the paths to exceptions that might occur. Examples are provided of the paths and adaptation.

A high-temperature (300 C), high-pressure (18 MPa), and high-leak rate (1500 L/min) facility, and a room temperature, high-pressure (52 MPa) test facility were used to test flawed steam generator tubes. Single and multiple rectangular flaws were fabricated by electro-discharge machining on the outside surface of the tubes. This paper briefly reviews analytical methods for predicting ligament rupture and unstable burst of tubes with single and multiple rectangular flaws. Test data are presented to validate the failure models. The ligament rupture pressure of specimens with multiple flaws predicted by an equivalent rectangular crack method agree fairly well with measured data.

The purpose of this analysis is to document the Quality Assurance (QA) classification of the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) carried cask handling system structures, systems and components (SSCs) performed by the MGR Preclosure Safety and Systems Engineering Section. This analysis also provides the basis for revision of YMP/90-55Q, Q-List (YMP 2000). The Q-List identifies those MGR SSCs subject to the requirements of DOE/RW-0333P, ''Quality Assurance Requirements and Description'' (QARD) (DOE 2000).

The purpose of this analysis is to document the Quality Assurance (QA) classification of the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) carrier preparation building materials handling system structures, systems and components (SSCs) performed by the MGR Preclosure Safety and Systems Engineering Section. This analysis also provides the basis for revision of YMP/90-55Q, Q-List (YMP 2000). The Q-List identifies those MGR SSCs subject to the requirements of DOE/RW-0333P7 ''Quality Assurance Requirements and Description'' (QARD) (DOE 2000).

The purpose of this design analysis is to document the SAS2H depletion calculations of certain non-rodded fuel assemblies from batches 8 and 9 of the Crystal River Unit 3 pressurized water reactor (PWR) that are required for Commercial Reactor Critical (CRC) evaluations to support the development of the disposal criticality methodology. A non-rodded assembly is one which never contains a control rod assembly (CRA) or an axial power shaping rod assembly (APSRA) during its irradiation history. The objective of this analysis is to provide SAS2H generated isotopic compositions for each fuel assembly's depleted fuel and depleted burnable poison materials. These SAS2H generated isotopic compositions are acceptable for use in CRC benchmark reactivity calculations containing the various fuel assemblies.

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It is well accepted that the 1992 M 5.6 Little Skull Mountain earthquake, the largest historical event to have occurred within 25 km of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, was triggered by the M 7.2 Landers earthquake that occurred the day before. On the premise that earthquakes can be triggered by applied stresses, we have examined the earthquake catalog from the Southern Great Basin Digital Seismic Network (SGBDSN) for other evidence of triggering by external and internal stresses. This catalog now comprises over 12,000 events, encompassing five years of consistent monitoring, and has a low threshold of completeness, varying from M 0 in the center of the network to M 1 at the fringes. We examined the SGBDSN catalog response to external stresses such as large signals propagating from teleseismic and regional earthquakes, microseismic storms, and earth tides. Results are generally negative. We also examined the interplay of earthquakes within the SGBDSN. The number of ''foreshocks'', as judged by most criteria, is significantly higher than the background seismicity rate. In order to establish this, we first removed aftershocks from the catalog with widely used methodology. The existence of SGBDSN foreshocks is supported by comparing actual statistics to those of a simulated catalog …