Understanding the physics of nuclei at the limits of deformation. Superdeformed nuclei (i.e., nuclei with a major-to-minor axis ratio of {approximately}2:1) provide a unique laboratory for nuclear structure studies at the limits of observable deformation. Islands of superdeformation are predicted and found throughout the table of isotopes. We have focused our attention on the A = 190 region, since neutron deficient Hg and Pb nuclei were predicted to support a stable superdeformed minimum at zero angular momentum. We are making major contributions to the development of this region of superdeformation. We find general agreement with fully 3-D Hartree Fock calculations done with a microscopic interaction, including pairing. Our measurements test predictions in the second well which are based on extrapolation of nuclear theory determined at `normal` deformation. In addition, unusual phenomena are expected because of the large difference in shape between well I and well II states. Our experiments require the sensitivity and resolution of large scale Ge detector arrays.

We consider a modification of a path-following infeasible-interior- point algorithm described by Wright. In the new algorithm, we attempt to improve each new iterate by reusing the coefficient matrix factors from the latest step. We show that the modified algorithm has similar theoretical global convergence properties to the earlier algorithm, while its asymptotic convergence rate can be made superquadratic by an appropriate parameter choice.

External control of the current profile in a reversed-field pinch (RFP), by means such as rf poloidal current drive, may have beneficial effects well beyond the direct reduction of Ohmic input power due to auxiliary heating. Reduction of magnetic turbulence associated with the dynamo, which drives poloidal current in a conventional RFP, may allow operation at lower density and higher electron temperature, for which rf current drive becomes efficient and the RFP operates in a more favorable regime on the n{tau} vs T diagram. Projected parameters for RFX at 2 MA axe studied as a concrete example. If rf current drive allows RFX to operate with {beta} = 10% (plasma energy/magnetic energy) at low density (3 {times} 10{sup 19} m{sup {minus}3}) with classical resistivity (i.e. without dynamo-enhanced power input), 40 ms energy confinement times and 3 keV temperatures will result, matching the performance of tokamaks of similar size.

Cleanup of hazardous waste sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) is a complicated and painstaking process, particularly at facilities with a multitude of individual hazardous waste sites, each having a multitude of chemicals and radonuclides. The US Department of Energy-Oak Ridge, Environmental Restoration Division (DOE-OR/ERD) administers five such facilities which are undergoing environmental cleanup under the CERCLA Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) process or the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) investigation process. The nature of the wastes treated, stored, or disposed of at the US DOE-OR sites is heterogeneous and often unknown. The amount of environmental sampling, chemical analysis, and document preparation and review required to support a baseline risk assessment alone at each facility often requires years before arriving at a final Record of Decision. Therefore, there is clearly a need to streamline the investigative and decision processes in order to realize the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) goal of reducing contaminant levels to those that are protective human health and the environment in a timely and cost-effective manner.

The specific objective of the research is to demonstrate that the characteristics of wastewater from stripper oil wells and marginal gas wells are sufficiently similar to be treated under a standardized treatment methodology, that the environmental impacts of the discharge of treated brines from both stripper oil and marginal gas wells can be adequately regulated, and that the inclusion of marginal gas wells in the same category as stripper oil wells is appropriate, especially for wells operating in the Appalachian Basin. The work accomplished during 1992 for both the field-scale and the laboratory-scale treatment facilities focused on iron removal from the field and synthetic brines. The laboratory work also included single-element kinetics studies to determine the effect of one metal on another with respect to the rates of the various reactions. The laboratory process studies investigated such parameters as the sand bed thickness, the temperature of the system, the angle of the aeration unit, and the presence of the retention tank. All of these laboratory parametric studies provided insight into how each component of the treatment process contributes to the removal of iron from the synthetic brine. Similar studies have begun for investigating copper removal effectiveness. As for the field …

The full spectrum of occupied and unoccupied {sigma} and {pi} orbitals is presented for solid C{sub 60}, C{sub 70}, and graphite, using Cls emission and absorption spectroscopy. There are significant differences between C{sub 60} and C{sub 70}, and even larger changes relative to their infinite analog graphite C{sub {infinity}}. A comparison is made with photoemission and inverse photoemission results, along with first principles quasiparticle calculations.

Physical optics models were developed for scattering of HF radiation by irregular terrain when an antenna is located on or near the scattering surface. The primary interest was in skywave radiation patterns for communication links using the ionosphere. Second-order reflections were included in the solution through an image approximation, and the UTD result for an impedance half-plane was used to reduce reflections due to truncating the current distribution on the surface. Arbitrary 2-D or 3-D terrain profiles can be entered into the codes, and the source can be an antenna with currents generated by the NEC method of-moments code or a point source. Results are validated by comparing with 2-D integral equation solutions for actual terrain contours.

Real-time radiography was successfully applied to the Titan-IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade (SRMU) static firing test QM-2 conducted February 22, 1993 at Phillips Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA. The real-time video data obtained in this test gave the first incontrovertible evidence that the molten slag pool is low (less than 5 to 6 inches in depth referenced to the bottom of the aft dome cavity) before T + 55 seconds, builds fairly linearly from this point in time reaching a quasi-equilibrium depth of 16 to 17 inches at about T + 97 seconds, which is well below the top of the vectored nozzle, and maintains that level until T + 125 near the end motor burn. From T + 125 seconds to motor burn-out at T + 140 seconds the slag pool builds to a maximum depth of about 20 to 21 inches, still well below the top of the nozzle. The molten slag pool was observed to interact with motions of the vectored nozzle, and exhibit slosh and wave mode oscillations. A few slag ejection events were also observed.

Microwave energy was used successfully to consolidate small lots of uranium powder. Factors varied were max power, hold time, heating rate, gas pressure, batch composition, crucible material, insulation configuration. Results indicate that that the microwave consolidation process was rugged against all 7 factors for their respective parameters.

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System Electricity Fuel Dispatch Submodule (EFD), a submodule of the Electricity Market Module (EMM). The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated through the synthesis and scenario development based on these components.

This report briefly discusses progress on the following topics: isospin breaking in the pion-nucleon system; the np charge-exchange reaction; energy dependence of pion DCX; pion absorption in nuclei; quantum effects in inclusive reactions; and pion scattering from polarized nuclei.

The authors continue their investigation of {open_quotes}Crystalline Beams{close_quotes} in the ground state. In this paper they study the possibility of storing an intense beam of charged particles in a storage ring where the particles acquire a horizontal zigzag configuration. They define the equilibrium configuration, and examine the confinement and stability conditions. The problem of {open_quotes}shear{close_quotes} between particles circulating side by side caused by the curvature of the trajectories is examined and solved.

The purpose of this report is to assess the waste tank inventory of uranium, plutonium and Np-237 to determine potential impacts on waste certification for the E-Area vaults (EAV). Procedure WAC 3.10, Rev. 1, of the 1S Manual imposes administrative control limits for radioactive material in waste packages sent to the EAV. Waste tank supernate contains trace amounts of U, Pu, and Np. Thus any material contaminated with supernate and placed in a B-25 waste package may contain one or more of these elements` radioactive isotopes. This report uses material inventory data, solubility data and tank volumes to determine the potential-, for waste packages, contaminated with waste tank supernate, to exceed the administrative control limits of procedure WAC 3. 10, Rev. 1, for U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, Np-237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241, and Pu-242.

I use a piece-wise linear approximation to the directed flux expressions for a flowing Maxwellian fluid to write down boundary conditions for the fluid description of a multicomponent plasma. These boundary conditions are sufficiently robust to treat particle reflection, surface reactions leading to secondary production, diffusion, and field-induced drift of charged species.

Positive-muon spin relaxation ({mu}{sup +}SR) has been carried out in the recently-discovered rare-earth boron carbide superconductors RNi{sub 2}B{sub 2}C, R = Ho, Er and Tm. For R = Ho and Er zero-field {mu}{sup +}SR measurements showed a well-defined internal field below the Neel temperatures of 5.5 K coexisting with the superconducting state down to 0.1 K. The observed temperature dependence of the order parameter for Ho is consistent with a 2-dimensional Ising model. For R = Tm a spontaneous internal field appears above 30 K, whose magnitude saturates below about 3 K at a value corresponding to a rare earth moment much smaller than for Ho and Er. Transverse-field {micro}{sup {minus}}SR measurements in R = Tm showed a superconducting penetration depth {lambda}, = 1,200 {angstrom}. The temperature dependence of {lambda} is consistent with conventional s-wave pairing.

The main objective of this project was to study transition metal carbides and nitrides as catalysts for hydroprocessing. In particular, the goals were to study the solid-state transformations that occur during synthesis of the compounds using a temperature-programmed method, and to investigate the catalytic properties of the materials for the upgrading of model coal liquids at realistic process conditions.

Demand-side management (DSM) remains the centerpiece of California`s energy policy. Over the coming decade, California plans to meet 30 percent of the state`s incremental electricity demand and 50 percent of its peak demand with (DSM) programs. The major investor-owned utilities in California recently completed the first round of program impact studies for energy efficiency programs implemented in 1990 and 1991. The central focus of this paper is to assess the resource planning and policy implications of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Company`s recent program evaluations. The paper has three goals. First, we identify and discuss major issues that surfaced from our attempt to apply evaluation results to forecasting and planning questions. Second, we review and summarize the evaluation results for PG&E`s primary energy efficiency programs. Third, we change long-run program assumptions, based on our assessment in the second task, and then examine the impacts of these changes on a recent PG&E demand-side management forecast and resource plan.

The most significant event during this period for the accelerator community is of course the termination of the SSC project. The collaboration with the SSC Laboratory came to an end with the decision to discontinue the effort at Waxahachie. The collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory was also completed. With the close of the SSC, the new association with the LHC group at CERN will become more important than ever. Jicong Shi worked three months at CERN in the area of nonlinear beam dynamics problems in the large hadron collider. Status and main results from the following topics have been reported in Progress Report, DOE/ER/40374-73, covering the first half of this project period: (1) final test of HESQ; (2) coupling impedance of a hole in accelerator beam pipe; (3) new calculation of diffusion rate; (4) integrable polynomial factorization for symplectic map tracking; and (5) physics of magnet sorting in superconducting rings. Status and main results from research reported in this report are as follows: (1) multi-parameter sorting of dipoles for large superconducting rings and (2) integrable polynomial factorization for symplectic map tracking.

SUPERCODE is a systems code used in designing tokamak devices and reactors. This report is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter one covers installing the code and directory organization. The execution of the code, command line editing and history, the shell language, classes, and shell input and output are discussed in chapter two. Chapter three covers the writing modules. In chapter four, the Consts module, Sys module, and Plot module are covered. At the end of the report, the need and use of SUPERCODE are summarized.

This report presents estimated costs and indice for domestic oil and gas field equipment and production operations for 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The costs of all equipment and serives were those in effect during June of each year. The sums (aggregates) of the costs for representative leases by region, depth, and production rate were averaged and indexed. This provides a general measure of the increased or decreased costs from year to year for lease equipment and operations. These general measures do not capture changes in industry-wide costs exactly because of annual variations in the ratio of oil wells to gas wells. The body of the report contains summary tables, and the appendices contain detailed tables. Price changes for oil and gas, changes in taxes on oil and gas revenues, and environmental factors (costs and lease availability) have significant impact on the number and cost of oil and gas wells drilled. These changes also impact the cost of oil and gas production equipment and operations.

Recent experiments with femtosecond lasers provide a test bed for theoretical ideas about electron processes in hot dense plasmas. We briefly review aspects of electron conduction theory likely to prove relevant to femtosecond laser absorption. We show that the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit implies a maximum inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of about 50% at temperatures near the Fermi temperature. We also propose that sheath inverse bremsstrahlung leads to a minimum absorption of 7-10% at high laser intensity.

This report summarizes the results of the geophysical investigations conducted as part of the characterization of the buried ``Thimble`` site. The site is located just south of the 116-H-2 Crib and is in the 100-HR-2 Operable Unit. Available documentation has it located between, and at the convergence of, two railroad spurs that run north-south. A concrete monument is believed to mark the site. The burial ground is suspected of containing a vertical safety rod thimble that is reportedly 40 ft long. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) were the two techniques used in the investigation. The methods were selected because they are non-intrusive, relatively fast, economical, and have been used successfully in other similar investigations on the Hanford Site. The objective of the investigation was to locate the buried thimble.

The objective of the survey was to locate subsurface obstructions that may affect the drilling of proposed borehole, 199-K-106A, about 50 ft east of the 1,714 KW Building, 100-K Area. Based upon the results of the survey, possible drill sites within the zone, with the least likelihood of encountering identified obstructions, were identified. The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system used for this work utilized a 300-megahertz antenna to transmit the electromagnetic (EM) energy into the ground. The transmitted energy is reflected back to a receiving antenna where variations in the return signal are recorded. Common reflectors include natural geologic conditions such as bedding, cementation, moisture, and clay, or man-made objects such as pipes, barrels, foundations, and buried wires. The method is limited in depth by transmit power, receiver sensitivity, frequency, and attenuation of the transmitted energy which can be strongly affected by geology. Depth of investigation is also influenced by highly conductive material, such as metal drums, which reflect all the energy back to the receiver. Therefore, the method cannot ``see`` below such objects. Maximum depth of penetration for this survey seemed to be about 10 to 12 ft.

High Level Waste Programs has radioactive waste storage, treatment and processing facilities that are located in the F and H Areas at the Savannah River Site. These facilities include the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF), F and H Area Tank Farms, Extended Sludge Processing (ESP), and In-Tank Precipitation (ITP). Job wastes are generated from operation, maintenance, and construction activities inside radiological areas. These items may have been contaminated with radioactive supernate, salt, and sludge material. Most of these wastes will be disposed of in the E-area Vaults. Therefore, an isotopic and hazardous characterization must be performed. The characterization of HLW supernate radionuclides is discussed in Chapter I. The characterization for salt and sludge phases, which can also contaminate LLW, will be included in other Chapters.