Oral History Interview with Bernice Shafer, September 8, 2007 transcript

Oral History Interview with Bernice Shafer, September 8, 2007

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bernice Shafer. Shafer was born in Ackley, Iowa 26 December 1926. She began nurse training at Mercy Hospital School of Nursing in Des Moines in 1941. Upon graduating in 1944, she entered the US Army Nurse Corps and began basic training at Camp Carson, Colorado. When she completed basic, she was assigned to Leonard General Hospital, Topeka, Kansas. After a period of time, she was shipped to Camp Pendleton, California in preparation for an overseas assignment. Shafer was assigned to the 311th Hospital Unit and boarded the USS Monterey (CVL-26), bound for Manila. She tells of the primitive conditions encountered in setting up the hospital. Designated as an operating room nurse, she describes working up to forty hours straight and the various types of battle casualties that were treated. She recalls that patients were transported to the hospital by ambulance, jeep and helicopter. In February 1946, Shafer returned to the United States aboard the USS West Point (AP-23), arriving at New York City after passage through the Panama Canal.
Date: September 8, 2007
Creator: Shafer, Bernice
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bob Layher, September 8, 1998 transcript

Oral History Interview with Bob Layher, September 8, 1998

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bob Layher. Layher was a member of the first squadron of the American Volunteer Group (AVG), nicknamed the Flying Tigers. While stationed in Rangoon in January 1942, the group sent Pete Wright into the air to scare off an enemy bomber. Wright's plane malfunctioned on the approach, and he veered off the runway, killing a captain. On 5 March 1942, Layher nearly lost control of his own plane during a close formation drill. The group had been asked to escort Chiang Kai-shek and to perform a slow roll. Being at the tail end of the formation, Layher was unable to fly fast enough to perform the maneuver safely. By the time he recovered and rejoined the formation, their leader had dropped out due to an equipment malfunction. So, Pappy Boyington led the group, taking them off course and expending more fuel than anticipated. Layher crash-landed on a remote trail and was discovered by unfriendly natives. Not having worn his blood chit that day, he narrowly escaped execution and was eventually reunited with his group.
Date: September 8, 1998
Creator: Layher, Bob
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Wilton Neumann, September 8, 2014 transcript

Oral History Interview with Wilton Neumann, September 8, 2014

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Wilton Neumann. Neumann joined the Navy in 1943. He served as a radioman aboard the USS Griswold (DE-7) beginning June of 1944. They traveled to Pearl Harbor for additional training. In March of 1945 they were stationed at Eniwetok. In late May they participated in the Battle of Okinawa, where they conducted anti-submarine warfare and were credited for two kamikaze kills. In June they traveled to Leyte Gulf, and to Japan by September. Neumann returned to the US in October. He was discharged in early 1946.
Date: September 8, 2014
Creator: Neumann, Wilton
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Wayne Brooks, September 8, 2014 transcript

Oral History Interview with Wayne Brooks, September 8, 2014

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Wayne Brooks. Brooks joined the Army Air Corps in 1941. He completed flight school and additional training at Fort Sumner and served as a second lieutenant flight instructor in Roswell, New Mexico. He flew Beechcraft and Cessna aircraft. He was discharged in 1946.
Date: September 8, 2014
Creator: Brooks, Wayne
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Charles White, September 8, 2016 transcript

Oral History Interview with Charles White, September 8, 2016

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Charles White. White joined the Navy in June, 1945 and went to Great Lakes for basic training. He caught his ship, the USS Pawnee (ATF-74) at Okinawa in August, 1945 and began pulling ships off the beach after a typhoon. They also tugged barges around Japan for a few weeks after the surrender, the Philippines, too. White returned to the US and was discharged in August, 1946.
Date: September 8, 2016
Creator: White, Charles
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with O. H. Karl King, September 8, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with O. H. Karl King, September 8, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with O.H. Karl King. King joined the Texas National Guard when he was 14 - an amiable captain fixed his age on paper. He enlisted in the Marine Corps when he was 15 during the Great Depression and was assigned to boot camp at San Diego, California. Upon completion, he shipped out for the Philippines and was at Cavite Naval Yard when the Japanese attacked. He saw General King on his way to surrender at Bataan and swam to Corregidor. After General Wainwright surrendered Corregidor, King went to Bilibid Prison in Manila. From there, he went to Cabanatuan, then Formosa and eventually wound up a prisoner in the electric shop at the naval yard at Yokohama, Japan. While there, he engaged in what sabotage operations he could against the Japanese. When the shipyard was destroyed by aerial bombardment, King was transferred to Omori Prison in Tokyo, from which he was liberated after the war ended.
Date: September 8, 2002
Creator: King, O. H. Karl
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with David Bell, September 8, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with David Bell, September 8, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with David Bell. Bell graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1937. He completed Submarine School in 1940 and worked aboard USS Cuttlefish (SS-171). They were located at Mare Island when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and they were released to make unrestricted warfare on the enemy. He served as Commanding Officer of USS Pargo (SS-264) during the 7th war patrol of that vessel from 15 January through 24 March of 1945. He was awarded the Navy Cross. Bell continued his service in the Navy and retired as a rear admiral in 1970.
Date: September 8, 2002
Creator: Bell, David
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Wilton Neumann, September 8, 2014 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Wilton Neumann, September 8, 2014

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Wilton Neumann. Neumann joined the Navy in 1943. He served as a radioman aboard the USS Griswold (DE-7) beginning June of 1944. They traveled to Pearl Harbor for additional training. In March of 1945 they were stationed at Eniwetok. In late May they participated in the Battle of Okinawa, where they conducted anti-submarine warfare and were credited for two kamikaze kills. In June they traveled to Leyte Gulf, and to Japan by September. Neumann returned to the US in October. He was discharged in early 1946.
Date: September 8, 2014
Creator: Neumann, Wilton
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Wayne Brooks, September 8, 2014 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Wayne Brooks, September 8, 2014

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Wayne Brooks. Brooks joined the Army Air Corps in 1941. He completed flight school and additional training at Fort Sumner and served as a second lieutenant flight instructor in Roswell, New Mexico. He flew Beechcraft and Cessna aircraft. He was discharged in 1946.
Date: September 8, 2014
Creator: Brooks, Wayne
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Charles White, September 8, 2016 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Charles White, September 8, 2016

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Charles White. White joined the Navy in June, 1945 and went to Great Lakes for basic training. He caught his ship, the USS Pawnee (ATF-74) at Okinawa in August, 1945 and began pulling ships off the beach after a typhoon. They also tugged barges around Japan for a few weeks after the surrender, the Philippines, too. White returned to the US and was discharged in August, 1946.
Date: September 8, 2016
Creator: White, Charles
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Ralph Schaal, September 8, 2006 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Ralph Schaal, September 8, 2006

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Ralph Schaal. Schaal was born in Plymouth, Indiana on 22 November 1922 and was drafted into the Army Air Forces on 2 January 1943. He completed basic training at Miami, Florida. After attending two training schools for aircraft engine mechanics, he was assigned to Pinellas Army Air Force Camp in Tampa, Florida as a ground crew chief for P-40 fighter planes. He had similar duty at Columbia Army Air Force Base, South Carolina on the P-39 fighter. He volunteered as a gunner on the B-17 bomber and, following training, was sent to England on RMS Aquitania. He provides very detailed descriptions of thirty bombing runs he made as tail gunner and assistant engineer in various B-17 raids over Germany between 24 August and 15 December 1944. He describes many instances where the planes suffered flak damage, but none of his fellow crew members were injured. He describes his ground crew duties while in England as maintenance and repair of P-39, P-40 and B-17 aircraft. Upon returning to the States, he performed instructor duty on the B-29 electronics at Chanute Field, Illinois until his discharge on 9 October 1945.
Date: September 8, 2006
Creator: Schaal, Ralph
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Glenn Delos Amor, September 8, 2006 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Glenn Delos Amor, September 8, 2006

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Glen Delos Amor. Delos Amor was drafted into the US Army Engineers in the fall of 1943. He was assigned to the 171st Combat Engineers and the 84th Infantry Division. He completed basic training at Camp Carson, Colorado. In the spring of 1944 he traveled to England. He was stationed at a base in Liverpool. His unit traveled to Normandy for the D Day invasion. He discusses his officers and some of their experiences during D Day and at the Battle of the Bulge. His unit constructed Bailey bridges wherever they were needed across rivers. He was discharged around late 1945 after the war ended.
Date: September 8, 2006
Creator: Delos Amor, Glenn
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bob Layher, September 8, 1998 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Bob Layher, September 8, 1998

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bob Layher. Layher was a member of the first squadron of the American Volunteer Group (AVG), nicknamed the Flying Tigers. While stationed in Rangoon in January 1942, the group sent Pete Wright into the air to scare off an enemy bomber. Wright's plane malfunctioned on the approach, and he veered off the runway, killing a captain. On 5 March 1942, Layher nearly lost control of his own plane during a close formation drill. The group had been asked to escort Chiang Kai-shek and to perform a slow roll. Being at the tail end of the formation, Layher was unable to fly fast enough to perform the maneuver safely. By the time he recovered and rejoined the formation, their leader had dropped out due to an equipment malfunction. So, Pappy Boyington led the group, taking them off course and expending more fuel than anticipated. Layher crash-landed on a remote trail and was discovered by unfriendly natives. Not having worn his blood chit that day, he narrowly escaped execution and was eventually reunited with his group.
Date: September 8, 1998
Creator: Layher, Bob
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with O. H. Karl King, September 8, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with O. H. Karl King, September 8, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with O.H. Karl King. King joined the Texas National Guard when he was 14 - an amiable captain fixed his age on paper. He enlisted in the Marine Corps when he was 15 during the Great Depression and was assigned to boot camp at San Diego, California. Upon completion, he shipped out for the Philippines and was at Cavite Naval Yard when the Japanese attacked. He saw General King on his way to surrender at Bataan and swam to Corregidor. After General Wainwright surrendered Corregidor, King went to Bilibid Prison in Manila. From there, he went to Cabanatuan, then Formosa and eventually wound up a prisoner in the electric shop at the naval yard at Yokohama, Japan. While there, he engaged in what sabotage operations he could against the Japanese. When the shipyard was destroyed by aerial bombardment, King was transferred to Omori Prison in Tokyo, from which he was liberated after the war ended.
Date: September 8, 2002
Creator: King, O. H. Karl
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with David Bell, September 8, 2002 (open access)

Oral History Interview with David Bell, September 8, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with David Bell. Bell graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1937. He completed Submarine School in 1940 and worked aboard USS Cuttlefish (SS-171). They were located at Mare Island when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and they were released to make unrestricted warfare on the enemy. He served as Commanding Officer of USS Pargo (SS-264) during the 7th war patrol of that vessel from 15 January through 24 March of 1945. He was awarded the Navy Cross. Bell continued his service in the Navy and retired as a rear admiral in 1970.
Date: September 8, 2002
Creator: Bell, David
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Bernice Shafer, September 8, 2007 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Bernice Shafer, September 8, 2007

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Bernice Shafer. Shafer was born in Ackley, Iowa 26 December 1926. She began nurse training at Mercy Hospital School of Nursing in Des Moines in 1941. Upon graduating in 1944, she entered the US Army Nurse Corps and began basic training at Camp Carson, Colorado. When she completed basic, she was assigned to Leonard General Hospital, Topeka, Kansas. After a period of time, she was shipped to Camp Pendleton, California in preparation for an overseas assignment. Shafer was assigned to the 311th Hospital Unit and boarded the USS Monterey (CVL-26), bound for Manila. She tells of the primitive conditions encountered in setting up the hospital. Designated as an operating room nurse, she describes working up to forty hours straight and the various types of battle casualties that were treated. She recalls that patients were transported to the hospital by ambulance, jeep and helicopter. In February 1946, Shafer returned to the United States aboard the USS West Point (AP-23), arriving at New York City after passage through the Panama Canal.
Date: September 8, 2007
Creator: Shafer, Bernice
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History