"Results are given of pressure-distribution measurements made over two different horizontal tail surfaces and the right wing cellule, including the slipstream area, of an observation-type biplane. Measurements were also taken of air speed, control-surface positions, control-stick forces, angular velocities, and accelerations during various abrupt maneuvers. These maneuvers consisted of push-downs and pull-ups from level flight, dive pull-outs, and aileron rolls with various thrust conditions" (p. 319).

"Distributed lateral motions have been calculated for a hypothetical small airplane with various modifications of fin area and dihedral setting. Special combinations of disturbing factors to simulate gusts are considered and the influence of lateral stability on the motions is discussed. Fin area and wing dihedral were found to be of primary importance in side gusts. It was found that the rolling action of the wing with as much as 5 degrees dihedral was distinctly unfavorable, especially when the weathercock stability was small. It is pointed out that the greatest susceptibility to lateral disturbances lies in the inherent damping and coupling moments developed by the wing" (p. 507).

Two methods were used to measure fuel distribution within sprays from several types of fuel-injection nozzles. A small tube inserted through the wall of an air tight chamber into which the sprays were injected could be moved about inside the chamber. When the pressure was raised to obtain air densities of 6 and 14 atmospheres, some air was forced through the tube and the fuel that was carried with it was separated by absorbent cotton and weighed. Cross sections of sprays from plain, pintle, multiple-orifice, impinging-jets, centrifugal, lip, slit, and annular-orifice nozzles were investigated, at distances of 1, 3, 5, and 7 inches from the nozzles.

From Summary: "A rigorous treatment is given of the problem of determining the two-dimensional potential flow around arbitrary biplane cellules. The analysis involves the use of elliptic functions and is sufficiently general to include the effects of such elements as the section shapes, the chord ratio, gap, stagger, and decalage, which elements may be specified arbitrarily. The flow problem is resolved by making use of the methods of conformal representation. Thus the solution of the problem of transforming conformally two arbitrary contours into two circles is expressed by a pair of simultaneous integral equations, for which a method of numerical solution is outlined."

"This report covers the twelfth of a series of tests conducted to compare different lateral control devices with particular reference to their effectiveness at high angles of attack. The present wind tunnel tests were made with two sizes of upper-surface ailerons on rectangular Clark Y wing models equipped with full span split flaps. The tests showed the effect of the upper-surface ailerons and of the split flaps on the general performance characteristics of the wings, and on the lateral controllability and stability characteristics" (p. 463).

This report describes a method of determining the turbulence in wind tunnels. The effect of turbulence upon the diffusion of heat from a small electrically heated wire in an air stream was investigated. The turbulence of the stream was introduced by a series of geometrically similar screens placed one at a time across the upstream section of the tunnel. With the wire set at various distances from the screens, curves of temperature distribution were obtained by traversing the heated wake at a distance of 2 inches behind the wire with a small thermocouple.

This report presents the results of tests of 209 simple wing-fuselage combinations made in the NACA variable-density wind tunnel to provide information regarding the effects of aerodynamic interference between wings and fuselages at a large value of Reynolds number.

The application of the pendulum method to the experimental determination of the moments of inertia of airplanes is discussed in this report. Particular reference is made to the effects of the air, in which the airplane is immersed, on the swinging tests and to the procedure by which these effects are taken into account. This procedure has been used for some time, and the data on several airplanes for which the moments of inertia have been found are included.

An investigation of the lateral stability and control effectiveness of a 0.0858-scale model of the Lockheed XF-104 airplane has been conducted in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel. The model has a low aspect ratio, 3.4-percent-thick wing with negative dihedral. The horizontal tail is located on top of the vertical tail. The investigation was made through a Mach number range of 0.80 to 1.06 at sideslip angles of -5 deg. to 5 deg. and angles of attack from 0 deg. to 16 deg. The control effectiveness of the aileron, rudder, and yaw damper were determined through the Mach number and angle-of-attack range. The results of the investigation indicated that the directional stability derivative was stable and that positive effective dihedral existed throughout the lift-coefficient range and Mach number range tested. The total aileron effectiveness, which in general produced favorable yaw with rolling moment, remained fairly constant for lift coefficients up to about 0.8 for the Mach number range tested. Yawing-moment effectiveness of the rudder changed little through the Mach number range. However, the yaw damper effectiveness decreased about 30 percent at the intermediate test Mach numbers.

"Free-flight tests in the transonic and supersonic speed ranges utilizing rocket-propelled models have been made on two pairs of 1/9-scale Convair YF-102 airplane wings with elevons to investigate the possibility of flutter . These wings had modified 60 deg delta plan forms with the trailing edge swept forward 5 deg. The aspect ratio of two exposed wing panels was 2.19 and the wings had NACA 0004-65 (modified) airfoil sections. The model wings and elevons were dynamic-scale models at sea level of the full-scale wings at 20,000 feet" (p. 1).

"The transonic longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.0858-scale model of the Lockheed XF-104 airplane have been obtained from tests at the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel. The results of the investigation provide some general information applicable to the transonic properties of thin, low-aspect-ratio, unswept wing configurations utilizing a high horizontal tail . The model employs a horizontal tail mounted at the top of the vertical tail and a wing with an aspect ratio of 2.5, a taper ratio of 0.385, and 3.4-percent-thick airfoil sections" (p. 1).

"The purpose of this investigation was to obtain information for use in the design of truss and plywood forms, particularly with reference to wing ribs. Tests were made on many designs of wing ribs, comparing different types in various sizes. Many tests were also made on parallel-chord specimens of truss and plywood forms in place of the actual ribs and on parts of wing ribs, such as truss diagonals and sections of cap strips" (p. 223).

In this report the efficiencies of two series of propellers having two types of blade sections are compared. Six full-scale propellers were used, three having R. A. F.-6 and three Clark Y airfoil sections with thickness/chord ratios of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10. The propellers were tested at five pitch setting, which covered the range ordinarily used in practice. The propellers having the Clark Y sections gave the highest peak efficiency at the low pitch settings. At the high pitch settings, the propellers with R. A. F.-6 sections gave about the same maximum efficiency as the Clark Y propellers and were more efficient for the conditions of climb and take-off.

"The hot-wire anemometer suggests itself as a promising method for measuring the fluctuating air velocities found in turbulent flow. The only obstacle is the presence of a lag due to the limited energy input which makes even a fairly small wire incapable of following rapid fluctuations with accuracy. This paper gives the theory of the lag and describes an experimental arrangement for compensating for the lag for frequencies up to 100 or more per second when the amplitude of the fluctuation is not too great. An experimental test of the accuracy of compensation and some results obtained with the apparatus in a wind-tunnel air stream are described. While the apparatus is very bulky in its present form, it is believed possible to develop a more portable arrangement" (p. 359).

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain quantitative information on the shock-reducing and energy-dissipating qualities of a set of 30 by 13-6 Musselman type airwheels. The investigation consisted of static, drop, and flight tests. The static tests were made with inflation pressures of approximately 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 pounds per square inch and loadings up to 9,600 pounds.

External-drag data are presented for normal-shock nose inlets with NACA 1-series, parabolic, and conic cowling profiles. The tests were made at an angle of attack of 0 degrees by using rocket-propelled models in free flight at Mach numbers from 0.9 to 1.5. The Reynolds number based on body maximum diameter varied from 2.5 x 10 sup 6 to 5.5 x 10 sup 6.

From Summary: "A method is presented for calculating the lift and centers of pressure of wing-body and wing-body-tail combinations at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds. A set of design charts and a computing table are presented which reduce the computations to routine operations. Comparison between the estimated and experimental characteristics for a number of wing-body and wing-body-tail combinations shows correlation to within + or - 10 percent on lift and to within about + or - 0.02 of the body length on center of pressure."

"This investigation was made for the purpose of determining the characteristics of five full-scale propellers in flight. The equipment consisted of five propellers in conjunction with a VE-7 airplane and a Wright E-2 engine. The propellers were of the same diameter and aspect ratio. Four of them differed uniformly in thickness and pitch and the fifth propeller was identical with one of the other four with exception of a change of the airfoil section" (p. 267).

"An investigation was made of the take-off characteristics of a 1/10-scale dynamic model of the Convair XF2Y-1 airplane. This airplane is a water-based, jet-propelled, delta-wing fighter incorporating a hydro-ski landing gear. Tests were made with the original configuration, with the beaching wheels removed, and with the wheels installed and fairings added in front of the wheels" (p. 1).

"A 1/13-scale Republic F-105 wing-root inlet configuration in which inlet components were varied was tested in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at Mach numbers of 1,41, 1.81, and 2,01 corresponding to Reynolds numbers per foot of 4,19 X 10(exp 6) , 3.74 X 10(exp 6) , and 3.46 x 10(exp 6) respectively. Angles of attack ranged from -4 deg to 15 deg and a few configurations were tested in a sideslip range from -8 deg to 4 deg. Inlet performance and engine-face flow distortions as affected by pitch, sideslip, inlet-lip sweep, contraction ratio, boundary-layer control, and engine bypass are presented and discussed" (p. 1).

"This report summarizes the effects of fuel volatility and engine design variables on the problem of starting gas-turbine engines at sea-level and altitude conditions. The starting operation for engines with tubular combustors is considered as three steps; namely, (1) ignition of a fuel-air mixture in the combustor, (2) propagation of flame through cross-fire tubes to all combustors, and (3) acceleration of the engine from windmilling or starting speed to the operating speed range. Pertinent data from laboratory researches, single-combustor studies, and full-scale engine investigations are presented on each phase of the starting problem" (p. 1).

Report presenting flight testing of two 7.5 degree boattail bodies of revolution with constant base annuli and varying jet static-pressure ratios and simulated turbojet exhaust rocket motors in order to determine the jet interference effects on total-drag and base-pressure coefficients over a range of Mach numbers. Results regarding the total drag and base-pressure and base-drag coefficients are provided.

From Summary: "An investigation of turbojet-engine thrust augmentation by means of tail-pipe burning has been conducted in the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel. Several fuel systems and flame holders were investigated in a 29-inch-diameter tail-pipe burner to determine the effect of fuel distribution and flame-holder design on tail-pipe-burner performance and operational characteristics over a range of simulated flight conditions. At an altitude of 5000 feet, the type of flame holder used had only a slight effect on the combustion efficiency."