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Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency
This report summarizes several federal statutes providing legal authority for the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) programs and activities. These include: the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Ocean Dumping Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), the Emergency Planning Act, and the Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
Date:
October 8, 2010
Creator:
Bearden, David M.; Copeland, Claudia; Luther, Linda; McCarthy, James E.; Schierow, Linda-Jo & Tiemann, Mary
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers
This report discusses the energy policy that has been a recurring issue for Congress since the first major crisis in the 1970s. The report offers a general view of energy consumption trends, Table 1 shows consumption by economic sector — residential, commercial, transportation, and industry — from 1950 to the present.
Date:
August 8, 2008
Creator:
Glover, Carol & Behrens, Carl E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses
This report discusses the reasons that Iran is considered a threat to U.S. security, including Iran's nuclear program, involvement with terrorist organizations, and involvement with neighboring countries' local governments. The report also discusses ways which the U.S. hopes to modify Iran's behavior with sanctions, and the effectiveness of these sanctions.
Date:
August 8, 2011
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Congressional readers with questions about an issue discussed in this report should contact the author or authors of the section discussing that issue. The authors are identified by footnote at the start of each section.
Date:
August 8, 2011
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information
The recent online publication of classified defense documents by the organization WikiLeaks and subsequent reporting by the New York Times and other news media have focused attention on whether such publication violates U.S. criminal law. The Justice Department and Department of Defense are investigating the circumstances to determine whether any prosecutions will be undertaken in connection with the disclosure. This report identifies some criminal statutes that may apply and also discusses the statutory prohibitions that may be implicated, such as the Espionage Act.
Date:
September 8, 2011
Creator:
Elsea, Jennifer K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Rising Violence
This report provides background on drug trafficking in Mexico: it identifies the major drug trafficking organizations (DTOs); how the organized crime “landscape” has been altered by fragmentation; and analyzes the context, scope, and scale of the violence. It examines current trends of the violence, analyzes prospects for curbing violence in the future, and compares it with violence in Colombia.
Date:
June 8, 2012
Creator:
Beittel, June S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress
This report covers concerns that Congress has expresses over U.S. acquisition of rare earth elements, particularly those used in various components of defense weapon systems. Specific concerns are the acquisition of these elements, especially from foreign sources such as China; how dependence of foreign sources affects national security; and methods for decreasing the relationship between reliance on foreign sources and national security.
Date:
June 8, 2011
Creator:
Bailey Grasso, Valerie
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress
The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, that has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff, stated in June 2010 that "I have moved from being curious to being genuinely concerned" about China's military programs. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy's budget.
Date:
June 8, 2011
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response: The SAFER Grant Program
The Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Act (the "SAFER Act") was enacted by the 108th Congress as part of the FY2004 National Defense Authorization Act. This report describes the SAFER Act in brief, discusses possible budgetary modifications to the SAFER Act that are being considered due to the recent economic downturn, and explores related issues for the 112th Congress as they consider reauthorization.
Date:
June 8, 2012
Creator:
Kruger, Lennard G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
This report looks at Japan-U.S. relations since WWII. The report focuses on some problems which can be addressed by Congress, including the earthquake and tsunami which hit Japan in March, 2011, the Futenma Marine Air Station in Okinawa, bilateral trade, and economic issues resulting from the recent credit crisis and related economic recession.
Date:
June 8, 2011
Creator:
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Cooper, William H.; Manyin, Mark E. & Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wetlands: An Overview of Issues
The report documents recent changes in wetland acres. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released its most recent periodic survey of changes in wetland acreage nationwide in March 2006. Covering 1998 to 2004, it concluded that during this time period there was a small net gain in overall wetland acres for the first time that this survey has been conducted. Others caution, however, that much of this gain was in ponds, rather than natural wetlands.
Date:
July 8, 2008
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia & Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: Causes of Increases and Congressional Response
This report, after analyzing factors that have contributed to high gasoline prices, describes the major legislative initiatives and discusses the issues involved.
Date:
September 8, 2008
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FEMA Disaster Housing and Hurricane Katrina: Overview, Analysis, and Congressional Issues
This report discusses the issues with the housing policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), particularly as they relate to the Post-Katrina Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-295) and the Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Plan (P.L. 93-288). It includes an overview of the Stafford Act sections 403 and 408 as well as a breakdown of issues for Congress and possible Congressional approaches to address the policies.
Date:
August 8, 2008
Creator:
McCarthy, Francis X.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues
This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.
Date:
August 8, 2011
Creator:
Kerr, Paul K. & Nikitin, Mary Beth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress
The report discusses the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, that has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defense planning. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort is of particular importance to the U.S. Navy, because many U.S. military programs for countering improved Chinese military forces would fall within the Navy's budget.
Date:
June 8, 2011
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposed U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Background and Issues
This report discusses the proposed U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) signed November 22, 2006, which has not yet been approved by Congress. It includes an overview of the proposed CFTA and U.S.-Colombia trade, background on Colombia, issues for Congress to consider, Colombia's plan to improve labor rights, and the actions that Colombia has already taken to improve violence, labor, and human rights within the country.
Date:
July 8, 2011
Creator:
Villarreal, M. Angeles
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States
This report summarizes how insolvent states may borrow funds from the federal account within the Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF) to meet their unemployment compensation (UC) benefits obligations.
Date:
July 8, 2011
Creator:
Whittaker, Julie M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the WTO
This report discuses programs with in the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding trade between members.
Date:
January 8, 2007
Creator:
Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Money Laundering: An Abridged Overview of 18 U.S.C. 1956 and Related Federal Criminal Law
This is an overview of the elements of federal criminal money laundering statutes and the sanctions imposed for their violation.
Date:
February 8, 2012
Creator:
Doyle, Charles
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastics and Possible Human Health Effects
This report discusses the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on fetal and infant development, which is used to produce certain types of plastic.
Date:
September 8, 2008
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo & Lister, Sarah A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources
This report provides an annotated list of historical documents and other resources related to several past government shutdowns. The report also includes links to full-text documents when available. There is limited information and guidance related to shutdowns, and it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of one, but information about past events may help inform future deliberations.
Date:
April 8, 2011
Creator:
Nagel, Jared Conrad & Murray, Justin
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Overview of U.S.-South Korea Agricultural Trade
This report provides an overview of U.S.-South Korea agricultural trade, including details of key agricultural products and issues affecting U.S. exports.
Date:
August 8, 2018
Creator:
Hopkinson, Jenny
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Military Medical Care: Frequently Asked Questions
This report answers selected frequently-asked questions about military health care, including: 1) How is the Military Health System structured?, 2) What is TRICARE?, 3) What are the different TRICARE plans and who is eligible?, 4) What are the costs of military health care to beneficiaries?, 5) What is the relationship of TRICARE to Medicare?, 6) How does the Affordable Care Act affect TRICARE?, 7) When can beneficiaries change their TRICARE plan?, and 8) What is the Medicare Eligible Retiree Health Care fund, which funds TRICARE for Life?
Date:
November 8, 2018
Creator:
Mendez, Bryce H. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects
This report discusses the production and prospects of Caspian Oil and Gas.
Date:
September 8, 2006
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library