From introduction: "The ORNL-ANP liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger design and development effort has been based on an exceptionally high performance matrix of closely-spaced small diameter tubes that permits practically pure counter-flow operation. In the course of full-scale aircraft power plant design work a number of charts for this type of heat exchanger has been prepared. These charts were intended in part to show the effects of the various parameters in a readily understandable form, and in part to simplify and to reduce markedly the chore of making detailed design calculations. These charts have proved so helpful it seemed very worthwhile to assemble them into a report along with brief explanations and sample calculations."

Technical report outlining the physical operability of 30% tributyl phosphate in a hydrocarbon dilutent for the extraction of uranium from more feed slurries. Operability had been satisfactorily demonstrated in jet mixing columns at the pilot plant of the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works. [From Abstract]

Introduction: "During the last quarter, members of the Chemical Development Group have been concerned with six major projects. (1) thermal and radiation properties of organic materials as moderators and coolants, (2) thermal and radiation stability of mirconium hydride, (e) reactor accessibility (transport of radioactive materials in cooling systems, ................. There have been, in addition, a number of smaller service projects, mostly of an analytical nature.:

Abstract. An apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivities materials which are moderately good conductors of heat is described. Results obtained with a sample of pure Th are given on p. 10, 12, and 13.

Purpose: "This test was conducted to gain information and experience in the handling of heavy aggregate concrete. The results from this test were to establish procedures for a subsequent program -- "Construction Test of High Density Concrete Shielding.""

A simple method of solving for the phase shifts of the pion-proton scattering is presented. The rapid solution afforded can be utilized, as the Ashkin diagrams have been employed, to give starting values to an electronic computer or alternatively to analyze with more ease the variation of the phase shifts as a function of the input data in terms of the coefficients of the angular distributions. A new plot of a function of the total cross section versus the pion energy is introduced. The nearly straight line resulting should help to evaluate the experimental data.

The following report discusses the production of three types of fluorine cells for the Manhattan Project's fluorine generation program: the high temperature fluorine cell operating at a temperature of 240 C., the low temperature cell operating at a temperature of 30 C., and the medium temperature cell operating at a temperature of 100 C.

Results of eight runs using in-line U photometers in organic and aqueous streams of the Purex Hot Semi-Works are presented. Their operation, both mechanically and electrically, was satisfactory, indicating changes in stream U concentrations over wide ranges.

Flowsheet considerations and information developed for the large (size 2) Purex pulse generator⁽¹⁾ indicated the need for information on the operating characteristics of the small (size 1) Purex pulse generator.

The effect of prolonged heating of cold worked Ziracloy-2 at a temperature of 360°C on the mechanical properties of the material was investigated.

Technical report containing a comprehensive study of the physical metallurgy of thorium and some of its alloys containing additions of Be, Si, Zr, Ti, Al, Nb, Cr, Mn, and Ce. Melting range, fabricating characteristics, and tensile properties were studied. [From Abstract]

Supervision and coordination of shutdown work are often made difficult by lack of visual contact between the front face, rear face and control room. Examples of such conditions are: Removal of process tubes, where close co-separation between front and rear elevator crews is required; Locating freshly discharged slugs accidently lodged on discharge face obstructions where radiation levels are high and optical viewing equipment inadequate; Monitoring of the transfer of hot samples from a process tube into a cask, where permissible exposure time is short and oral briefing of personnel who must perform subsequent operations is inadequate.

The object of this study was to determine the nature of the free radicals induced in ferrocene by Co60 gamma rays. The irradiations were carried out on the powder at 77°K and on the single crystals at 193°K. The variation of the splitting factor, g, of the signals observed when the single crystals were oriented at different angles relative to the external magnetic field direction, indicated the existence of three types of resonance peaks. It was possible to correlate these variations with the molecular orientations in the crystal unit cell and with the spatial arrangement of the molecular orbitals. Taking into account the spectral changes observed after thermal annealing of the crystal, the existence of the following free radicals has been suggested: 1) a straight molecule-ferricinium ion, 2) a bent molecule-ferricinium ion, and 3) a cyclopentadienyl radical with four protons, the fifth having been transferred to the iron atom. A signal with a cylindrically symmetric g tensor, observed at 77°K, has been assigned to another radical but its nature was not fully established.

Several important metabolic processes in plants involve the conversion of triose phosphate to hexose monophosphate. These include the synthesis of carbohydrates from precursors such as pyruvate and acetyl-coenzyme A, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle of photosynthesis, and the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. This conversion cannot be accomplished solely by glycolytic enzymes because of the irreversible nature of phosphofructokinase. Racker and Schroeder (1958) have suggested two possible enzymic pathways for the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from triose phosphate. The most direct route is via a phosphate specific for the phosphates attached to carbon-1 of FDP. A combination of aldolase, transaldolase and sedoheptulose diphosphates may provide an alternative pathway.

The radiation of the Van Allen belts and the solar flares consists primarily of electrons and protons, the biological effects of which are reasonably well known. However, there is a very small component of the galactic cosmic rays which consists of stripped atomic nuclei of atoms as heavy as iron. The biological effects of such particles have not been extensively investigated because it is impossible to produce them in the laboratory with an energy high enough to use for mammalian experiments. Consequently it has been necessary to approach the problem by indirect methods.

This report is a summary of the aerothermodynamic calculations that have been made during the evaluation of the Tory II-A reactor. A presentation is made of the computational techniques developed, the materials properties utilized, and the calculational results obtained. In addition, relations fundamental to the analysis are discussed

Despite similar atomic arrangement, Brucite (Mg(OH)2) and phlogopite (KMg3(OH)2(Al,Si3)O10) present striking difference in their infrared spectra. A single absorption band is observed in phlogopite whence brucite possesses a total of 15 bands on both sides of the fundamental. A comparison of the hydroxides with micas provides supporting evidence that the complexity of the hydroxide spectra is due to interactions between neighboring hydroxyl groups. Each mineral contains a layer of magnesium ions possessing trigonal symmetry. Both minerals contain hydroxyl ion is located in such a way that it is in contract with three magnesium ions.

Much of the early work in radiation biology was predicted on the assumption that radiation effects could be understood in terms of a single mechanism. This "single mechanism" was studied on appropriate biological test objects that could be developed into biological dosimeters. Attempts were made to assess the properties of "the" biological effects from the relations of "biological dose" (skin dose, bean dose, fly dose, etc.) to physical parameters of irradiation. Notwithstanding the rigidity of this approach, some useful generalizations emerged. During the past 20 years or so, it has become increasingly obvious that ionizing radiations may affect living systems in different ways, and that what is true in one cell, tissue, or species and in one set of circumstances does not necessarily apply to another situation. Accordingly, the search for a single mechanism was replaced by dedicated application to specific detail. In consequence, we now know a great deal about the fine structure of some radiation effects, and there is once again a tendency to formulate generalizations. This paper will attempt to analyze the mechanism of a well-defined syndrome that arises in certain cell systems after a single dose of ionizing radiation. Our attention will be directed mainly to …

Information on the metabolism of fission products in man has been obtained largely from studies carried out with parenterally-administered soluble salts of radioisotopes administered in medical treatment or in tracer studies. The recent development of the whole-body gamma spectrometer with its highly sensitive detection system has been of considerable value in extending these studies by providing data on very low levels of isotopes in man over long periods of time.

In the course of the cratering studies conducted as part of the Plowshare Program, the dependence of crater dimensions on depth of burst and the scaling laws relating crater dimensions to total energy release have been derived for chemical explosions in the desert alluvium of the Nevada Test Site. The desert alluvium is a lightly cemented sand and gravel, which was chosen for study because the first nuclear cratering explosions were fired in the medium and it was of interest to compare the nuclear and chemical explosion in the same medium. Shoemaker of the U.S. Geological Survey recently completed a detailed analysis of the Arizona Meteorite Crater and, through direct comparison with the nuclear explosion results in Nevada, arrived at an effective depth burst for the meteorite. He also reconstructed the original size and shape of the crater, and determined the limit of brecciation.

The effect of the (n, 2n) and (n, o<) reactions on the neutron economy of a beryllium moderated reactor is investigated.

Under the general heading of Reactor Lattices are reported a new method of calculating resonance escape probabilities, results for the effective mass of a proton bound in the water molecule, and a comparison of similar techniques for calculating lattice constants developed independently by Hanford physicists and by a school of Russian physicists (as reported at the Geneva Conference). An estimate of maximum errors in f and η for thermal systems is described. Experiments and analysis thereof on the effects of neutron streaming in air channels through a moderator are reported. Buckling calculations and experimental results are given for graphite lattices employing 1.17-inch diameter natural uranium slugs and U²³⁵-Aluminum alloy slugs. An experimental measurement of the critical mass of an annular cylindrical array is described. Some measurements on, and the status of, construction of the Lattice Testing Reactor are reported. Under Instrumentation, development of a BF/sub 3/ counter suitable for operation at elevated temperatures is described. Some measurements on, and the status of, construction of the Lattice Testing Reactor are reported. Under Instrumentation, development of a BF₃ counter suitable for operation at elevated temperatures is described. A method of determining the screening parameter in the Thomas-Fermi model of the atom is …

The purpose of the test was to observe the extent and location of corrosion, crud deposits and defects in components of the primary fluid system and its auxiliaries. This observation will allow an estimate to be made of the future behavior of the affected parts. The test also provides for obtaining corrosion products and crud samples for analysis as necessary for planning remedial actions. This test was limited to the 1D Main Coolant Pump which failed November 3, 1958. The pump failed after 2234 hours of operation on "fast" speed and 887 hours at "slow" speed. An inspection for corrosion was not conducted but smear samples were taken and a radiochemical analysis made. This analysis showed the following isotopes were present in the smear sample: Co38, Co60, Fe59, Mn54, Hf191 and Zr95. The upper and lower radial pump bearings and journals were severely scored and galled while the thrust bearing and runner appear to be in good condition.

The purpose of the test was to obtain performance data for the main coolant pumps on fast and slow speed at various coolant temperatures. The 1A, 1B and 1C pump performances on both fast and slow speed were approximately as shown in the manufacture's predicted performance curve. The 1D pump performance was below the manufacturer's predicted flow efficiency, line current and hydraulic horsepower on both fast and slow speeds.