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Aging and Fracture of Human Cortical Bone and Tooth Dentin
Mineralized tissues, such as bone and tooth dentin, serve as structural materials in the human body and, as such, have evolved to resist fracture. In assessing their quantitative fracture resistance or toughness, it is important to distinguish between intrinsic toughening mechanisms which function ahead of the crack tip, such as plasticity in metals, and extrinsic mechanisms which function primarily behind the tip, such as crack bridging in ceramics. Bone and dentin derive their resistance to fracture principally from extrinsic toughening mechanisms which have their origins in the hierarchical microstructure of these mineralized tissues. Experimentally, quantification of these toughening mechanisms requires a crack-growth resistance approach, which can be achieved by measuring the crack-driving force, e.g., the stress intensity, as a function of crack extension ("R-curve approach"). Here this methodology is used to study of the effect of aging on the fracture properties of human cortical bone and human dentin in order to discern the microstructural origins of toughness in these materials.
Date:
May 7, 2008
Creator:
Ager, Joel; Koester, Kurt J.; Ager, Joel W., III & Ritchie, Robert O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: A Possible Role for Congress
This report focuses on the creation of the Transatlantic Economic Council; the role of legislatures in the regulatory process; and the Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue and its new role as an advisor to transatlantic regulatory efforts.
Date:
November 7, 2008
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J. & Morelli, Vincent
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 26, No. 6, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 7, 2008
Weekly newspaper from Timpson, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 7, 2008
Creator:
Alexander, Nancy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 26, No. 31, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 7, 2008
Weekly newspaper from Timpson, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
August 7, 2008
Creator:
Alexander, Nancy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2008
This report identifies the names, committee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) districts of the 245 women who have served in Congress.
Date:
May 7, 2008
Creator:
Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exact solution of the envelope equations for a matchedquadrupole-focused beam in the zero space-charge limit
The Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij equations are widely used to study the evolution of the beam envelopes in a periodic system of quadrupole focusing cells. In this paper, we analyze the case of a matched beam. Our model is analogous to that used by Courant and Snyder [E.D. Courant and H.S. Snyder, Ann. Phys. 3, 1 (1958)] in obtaining a first-order approximate solution for a synchrotron. Here, we treat a linear machine and obtain an exact solution. The model uses a full occupancy, piecewise-constant focusing function and neglects space charge. There are solutions in an infinite number of bands as the focus strength is increased. We show that all these bands are stable. Our explicit results for the phase advance {sigma} and the envelope a(z) are exact for all phase advances except multiples of 180{sup o}, where the behavior is singular. We find that the peak envelope size is minimized at {sigma} = 90{sup o}. Actual operation in the higher bands would require very large, very accurate field strengths and would produce significantly larger envelope excursions.
Date:
November 7, 2008
Creator:
Anderson, Oscar A. & LoDestro, L. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sunfall: a collaborative visual analytics system for astrophysics
Computational and experimental sciences produce and collect ever-larger and complex datasets, often in large-scale, multi-institution projects. The inability to gain insight into complex scientific phenomena using current software tools is a bottleneck facing virtually all endeavors of science. In this paper, we introduce Sunfall, a collaborative visual analytics system developed for the Nearby Supernova Factory, an international astrophysics experiment and the largest data volume supernova search currently in operation. Sunfall utilizes novel interactive visualization and analysis techniques to facilitate deeper scientific insight into complex, noisy, high-dimensional, high-volume, time-critical data. The system combines novel image processing algorithms, statistical analysis, and machine learning with highly interactive visual interfaces to enable collaborative, user-driven scientific exploration of supernova image and spectral data. Sunfall is currently in operation at the Nearby Supernova Factory; it is the first visual analytics system in production use at a major astrophysics project.
Date:
July 7, 2008
Creator:
Aragon, Cecilia R.; Aragon, Cecilia R.; Bailey, Stephen J.; Poon, Sarah; Runge, Karl & Thomas, Rollin C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
B, D and K Decays
The present report documents the results of Working Group 2: B, D and K decays, of the workshop on Flavor in the Era of the LHC, held at CERN from November 2005 through March 2007. With the advent of the LHC, we will be able to probe New Physics (NP) up to energy scales almost one order of magnitude larger than it has been possible with present accelerator facilities. While direct detection of new particles will be the main avenue to establish the presence of NP at the LHC, indirect searches will provide precious complementary information, since most probably it will not be possible to measure the full spectrum of new particles and their couplings through direct production. In particular, precision measurements and computations in the realm of flavor physics are expected to play a key role in constraining the unknown parameters of the Lagrangian of any NP model emerging from direct searches at the LHC. The aim of Working Group 2 was twofold: on one hand, to provide a coherent, up-to-date picture of the status of flavor physics before the start of the LHC; on the other hand, to initiate activities on the path towards integrating information on NP …
Date:
March 7, 2008
Creator:
Artuso, M.; Asner, D. M.; Ball, P.; Baracchini, E.; Bell, G.; Beneke, M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Testing Atom and Neutron Neutrality with Atom Interferometry
We propose an atom-interferometry experiment based on the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect which detects an atom charge at the 10{sup -28} e level, and improves the current laboratory limits by 8 orders of magnitude. This setup independently probes neutron charges down to 10{sup 28} e, 7 orders of magnitude below current bounds.
Date:
January 7, 2008
Creator:
Arvanitaki, Asimina; /Stanford U., ITP /SLAC; Dimopoulos, Savas; Geraci, Andrew A.; Hogan, Jason; Kasevich, Mark et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for B+ Meson Decay to a1+ K*0
We present the preliminary result of a search for the decay B{sup {+-}} {yields} a{sub 1}{sup {+-}} K*{sup 0}. The data, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, represent 465 million B{bar B} pairs produced in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation at the {Upsilon}(4S) energy. The result for the branching fraction is: {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} a{sub 1}{sup +}K*{sup 0}) x {Beta}(a{sub 1}{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}) = (0.7{sub -0.4-0.7}{sup +0.5+0.7}) x 10{sup -6}, corresponding to an upper limit at 90% confidence level of 1.6 x 10{sup -6}. The first error quoted is statistical, the second systematic.
Date:
August 7, 2008
Creator:
Aubert, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for B0 to K*+ K*-
The authors report the results of a search for the decay B{sup 0} {yields} K*{sup +}K*{sup -} with a sample of 454 {+-} 5 million B{bar B} pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. They obtain an upper limit at the 90% confidence level on the branching fraction for {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} K*{sup +}K*{sup -}) < 2.0 x 10{sup -6}, assuming the decay is fully longitudinally polarized.
Date:
August 7, 2008
Creator:
Aubert, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of Semileptonic B Decays Into Orbitally-Excited Charm Mesons
The authors present a study of B decays into semileptonic final states containing charged and neutral D{sub 1}(2420) and D*{sub 2}(2460). The analysis is based on a data sample of 208 fb{sup -1} collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. With a simultaneous fit to four different decay chains, the semileptonic branching fractions are extracted from measurements of the mass difference {Delta}m = m(D**)-m(D) distributions. Product branching fractions are determined to be {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} D{sub 1}{sup 0}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}) x {Beta}(D{sub 1}{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = (2.97 {+-} 0.17 {+-} 0.17) x 10{sup -3}, {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} D*{sub 2}{sup 0}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}) x {Beta}(D*{sub 2}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup (*)+} {pi}{sup -}) = (2.29 {+-} 0.23 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -3}, {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} D{sub 1}{sup -}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}) x {Beta}(D{sub 1}{sup -} {yields} D*{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}) = (2.78 {+-} 0.24 {+-} 0.25) x 10{sup -3} and {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sub 2}{sup -}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}) x {Beta}(D*{sub 2}{sup -} {yields} D{sup (*)0} {pi}{sup -}) = (1.77 {+-} 0.26 {+-} 0.11) x 10{sup -3}. In addition they measure the branching ratio {Lambda}(D*{sub 2} {yields} D{pi}{sup 0})/{Lambda}(D*{sub 2} {yields} D{sup …
Date:
August 7, 2008
Creator:
Aubert, Bernard; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Dress performance series "Obituary" starring Akin Babatunde]
Video recording from The Black Academy of Arts and Letters recorded during the Dress Performance Theatre Series play "Obituary" starring Akin Babatunde on November 7th, 2008 at the Clarence Muse Café Theatre. The footage shows Babatunde starring in a one man comedy on the topic of black funerals and their traditions in different communities
Date:
November 7, 2008
Creator:
Babtunde, Akin
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wakefield and RF Kicks Due to Coupler Asymmetry in TESLA-Type Accelerating Cavities
In a future linear collider, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), trains of high current, low emittance bunches will be accelerated in a linac before colliding at the interaction point. Asymmetries in the accelerating cavities of the linac will generate fields that will kick the beam transversely and degrade the beam emittance and thus the collider performance. In the main linac of the ILC, which is filled with TESLA-type superconducting cavities, it is the fundamental (FM) and higher mode (HM) couplers that are asymmetric and thus the source of such kicks. The kicks are of two types: one, due to (the asymmetry in) the fundamental RF fields and the other, due to transverse wakefields that are generated by the beam even when it is on axis. In this report we calculate the strength of these kicks and estimate their effect on the ILC beam. The TESLA cavity comprises nine cells, one HM coupler in the upstream end, and one (identical, though rotated) HM coupler and one FM coupler in the downstream end (for their shapes and location see Figs. 1, 2) [1]. The cavity is 1.1 m long, the iris radius 35 mm, and the coupler beam pipe radius …
Date:
July 7, 2008
Creator:
Bane, K. L. F.; Adolphsen, C.; Li, Z.; Dohlus, M.; Zagorodnov, I.; Gonin, I. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Sketch of Selected Issues
This report briefly outlines three issues relating to electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and touches upon some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing debate. These issues include the inherent and often dynamic tension between national security and civil liberties, particularly rights of privacy and free speech; the need for the intelligence community to be able to efficiently and effectively collect foreign intelligence information from the communications of foreign persons located outside the United States in a changing, fast-paced, and technologically sophisticated international environment or from United States persons abroad, and the differing approaches suggested to meet this need; and limitations of liability for those electronic communication service providers who furnish aid to the federal government in its foreign intelligence collection. Two constitutional provisions, in particular, are implicated in this debate — the Fourth and First Amendments. This report briefly examines these issues and sets them in context.
Date:
July 7, 2008
Creator:
Bazan, Elizabeth B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of Selected Issues
This report briefly outlines some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing debate related to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) focusing on three issues: tension between national security and civil liberties, collection of foreign intelligence information from foreign persons, and limitations on liability for telecommunications providers furnishing aid to the government.
Date:
July 7, 2008
Creator:
Bazan, Elizabeth B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Doctoral Recital: 2008-10-07 - Rebecca Beasley, mezzo-soprano
Recital presented at the UNT College of Music Recital Hall in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree.
Date:
October 7, 2008
Creator:
Beasley, Rebecca
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline Prices: Issues for the 110th Congress
This report reviews the major legislative initiatives to deal with the gasoline price issue.
Date:
April 7, 2008
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E. & Glover, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effects of Oxygen Plasma on the Chemical Composition and Morphology of the Ru Capping Layer of the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Mask Blanks
Contamination removal from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask surfaces is one of the most important aspects to improve reliability for the next generation of EUV lithography. We report chemical and morphological changes of the ruthenium (Ru) mask surface after oxygen plasma treatment using surface sensitive analytical methods: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chemical analysis of the EUV masks shows an increase in the subsurface oxygen concentration, Ru oxidation and surface roughness. XPS spectra at various photoelectron takeoff angles suggest that the EUV mask surface was covered with chemisorbed oxygen after oxygen plasma treatment. It is proposed that the Kirkendall effect is the most plausible mechanism that explains the Ru surface oxidation. The etching rate of the Ru capping layer by oxygen plasma was estimated to be 1.5 {+-} 0.2 {angstrom}/min, based on TEM cross sectional analysis.
Date:
June 7, 2008
Creator:
Belau, Leonid; Park, Jeong Y.; Liang, Ted & Somorjai, Gabor A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Employee Stock Options: Tax Treatment and Tax Issues
None
Date:
May 7, 2008
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Time-resolved imaging of current-induced domain-wall oscillations
Current-induced domain-wall dynamics is investigated via high-resolution soft x-ray transmission microscopy by a stroboscopic pump-and-probe measurement scheme at a temporal resolution of 200 ps. A 180{sup o} domain wall in a restoring potential of a permalloy microstructure is displaced from its equilibrium position by nanosecond current pulses leading to oscillations with velocities up to 325 m/s. The motion of the wall is described with an analytical model of a rigid domain wall in a nonharmonic potential allowing one to determine the mass of the domain wall. We show that Oersted fields dominate the domain-wall dynamics in our geometry.
Date:
October 7, 2008
Creator:
Bocklage, Lars; Krueger, Benjamin; Eiselt, Rene; Bolte, Markus; Fischer, Peter & Meier, Guido
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of AEO 2008 Natural Gas Price Forecast to NYMEX Futures Prices
On December 12, 2007, the reference-case projections from Annual Energy Outlook 2008 (AEO 2008) were posted on the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) web site. We at LBNL have, in the past, compared the EIA's reference-case long-term natural gas price forecasts from the AEO series to contemporaneous natural gas prices that can be locked in through the forward market, with the goal of better understanding fuel price risk and the role that renewables can play in mitigating such risk. As such, we were curious to see how the latest AEO reference-case gas price forecast compares to the NYMEX natural gas futures strip. This brief memo presents our findings. Note that this memo pertains only to natural gas fuel price risk (i.e., the risk that natural gas prices might differ over the life of a gas-fired generation asset from what was expected when the decision to build the gas-fired unit was made). We do not take into consideration any of the other distinct attributes of gas-fired and renewable generation, such as dispatchability (or lack thereof) or environmental externalities. A comprehensive comparison of different resource types--which is well beyond the scope of this memo--would need to account for differences in all such attributes, …
Date:
January 7, 2008
Creator:
Bolinger, Mark A. & Wiser, Ryan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Goldthwaite Eagle (Goldthwaite, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 44, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 7, 2008
Weekly newspaper from Goldthwaite, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
May 7, 2008
Creator:
Bridges, Steven W.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The USDA’s Authority to Recall Meat and Poultry Products
This report provides an overview of the USDA's authority to regulate meat, poultry, and their products. Specifically, the report discusses the requirements of USDA inspections and import regulations, as well as the USDA's role in product recalls. This report also addresses some of the issues that arise when considering possible changes to recall authority and reviews proposed legislation regarding the role of the USDA in the recall process. The Appendix of this report provides information regarding recent recalls and the significance of the recall data.
Date:
January 7, 2008
Creator:
Brougher, Cynthia & Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library