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The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress

Report that explores the history of the Purple Heart and changes in eligibility over time as well as several current issues facing Congress.
Date: September 7, 2012
Creator: Burrelli, David F. & Gilroy, Fenwick
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws (open access)

Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws

Report that describes the state variations student disqualification from Unemployment Compensation benefits while they attend school.
Date: September 7, 2012
Creator: Whittaker, Julie M. & Eder, Alan
System: The UNT Digital Library
Syria's Chemical Weapons: Issues for Congress (open access)

Syria's Chemical Weapons: Issues for Congress

Report that discusses the use or loss of control of chemical weapons stocks in Syria. It provides a brief history of the chemical weapons program in Syria and reports on the current situation of the chemical weapons program.
Date: August 7, 2013
Creator: Nikitin, M. B. D.; Kerr, Paul K. & Feickert, Andrew
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Rising Violence (open access)

Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Rising Violence

Report which provides background on drug trafficking in Mexico, identifies the major drug trafficking organizations, and analyzes the context, scope, and scale of the violence. It examines current trends of the violence, analyzes prospects for curbing violence in the future, and compares it with violence in Colombia.
Date: January 7, 2011
Creator: Beittel, June S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA): Workers' Compensation for Federal Employees (open access)

The Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA): Workers' Compensation for Federal Employees

Report concerning the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA), its legislative history, a program overview, and issues regarding FECA's generous benefits.
Date: November 7, 2012
Creator: Szymendera, Scott
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2014 (open access)

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2014

Report that provides government-wide, multi-agency, and individual agency analyses of the President's Fiscal Year 2014 request as it relates to R&D and related activities.
Date: August 7, 2013
Creator: Sargent, John F., Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations (open access)

European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations

The subject matter covered within this report is European Union (EU) renewable electricity generation--specifically onshore wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity.
Date: August 7, 2013
Creator: Brown, Phillip
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures (open access)

Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures

This report discusses the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) responsibilities in regard to immigration-related worksite enforcement, or enforcement of the prohibitions on unauthorized employment in Section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA §274A provisions, sometimes referred to as employer sanctions, make it unlawful for an employer to knowingly hire, recruit or refer for a fee, or continue to employ an alien who is not authorized to be so employed. This report looks at enforcement measures of this act.
Date: August 7, 2013
Creator: Bruno, Andorra
System: The UNT Digital Library
Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present (open access)

Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present

This report provides roll call vote data identified by the Congressional Research Service for measures to adjust the statutory debt limit.
Date: November 7, 2013
Creator: Murray, Justin
System: The UNT Digital Library
Government Shutdown: Operations of the Department of Defense During a Lapse in Appropriations (open access)

Government Shutdown: Operations of the Department of Defense During a Lapse in Appropriations

This report provides an overview of guidelines that have governed planning for Department of Defense (DOD) operations over the last 30 years in the event of a funding lapse. It also discusses the implications of the guidelines for a possible impending shutdown and briefly reviews what is known about current DOD planning for a shutdown.
Date: October 7, 2013
Creator: Towell, Pat & Belasco, Amy
System: The UNT Digital Library
Postsecondary Education Issues in the 113th Congress (open access)

Postsecondary Education Issues in the 113th Congress

This report identifies and briefly examines several postsecondary education policy issue areas that may be of general interest. For each of these broader issue areas, the report provides a brief background summary and an introduction to and discussion of various aspects of the issue. Varied policy options are also identified for further consideration.
Date: November 7, 2013
Creator: Smole, David P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified (open access)

PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified

This report explains Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) payments, with an analysis of the five major factors affecting the calculation of a payment to a given county. It also describes the effects of certain legislative changes in PILT in 2009 and 2012.
Date: November 7, 2013
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress (open access)

The Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress

This report looks at how Article V of the Constitution allows Congress to propose amendments -- specifically the process of organizing an Article V Convention, a method that has never been used and which is only briefly outlined in the Constitution.
Date: May 7, 2014
Creator: Neale, Thomas H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act (open access)

Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act

This report summarizes legislative actions taken to repeal, defund, delay, or otherwise amend the Affordable Care Act (ACA) since the law's enactment.
Date: April 7, 2014
Creator: Redhead, C. S. & Kinzer, Janet
System: The UNT Digital Library
Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions

This report supplies brief answers to some frequently-asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
Date: July 7, 2013
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Postsecondary Education: Student Outcomes Vary at For-Profit, Nonprofit, and Public Schools (open access)

Postsecondary Education: Student Outcomes Vary at For-Profit, Nonprofit, and Public Schools

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Institutions of higher education, including for-profit, nonprofit, and public schools, receive billions of dollars each year from the Department of Education (Education) to help students pay for school. In the 2009-2010 school year, Education provided $132 billion in grants and loans to students under federal student aid programs, up from $49 billion in the 2001-2002 school year. However, relatively little information is available about the quality of education being provided by these schools. Student characteristics are also important to consider when comparing educational outcomes at schools in different sectors (for-profit, nonprofit, and public). Measuring the quality of educational programs (i.e., how much knowledge or skill students gain) is difficult. Because few direct measures are available, indirect outcome measures, such as graduation and student loan default rates, are often used. Although no single outcome can be used to fully measure something as complex as educational quality, looking at multiple outcome measures (e.g., graduation rates, pass rates on licensing exams, employment outcomes, and student loan default rates) can shed light on the quality of education provided by schools. Available data indicate that for-profit schools enroll a higher proportion …
Date: December 7, 2011
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Diesel Pollution: Fragmented Federal Programs That Reduce Mobile Source Emissions Could Be Improved (open access)

Diesel Pollution: Fragmented Federal Programs That Reduce Mobile Source Emissions Could Be Improved

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Federal grant and loan funding for activities that reduce mobile source diesel emissions is fragmented across 14 programs at the Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). From fiscal years 2007 through 2011, the programs obligated at least $1.4 billion for activities that have the effect of reducing mobile source diesel emissions. The programs have varying goals and purposes; nevertheless, each program allows or requires a portion of its funding to support activities that reduce mobile source diesel emissions, such as replacing fleets of older diesel trucks or school buses with natural gas vehicles. In addition, each of the 14 programs overlaps with at least one other program in the specific activities they fund, the program goals, or the eligible recipients of funding. GAO also identified several instances of duplication where more than one program provided grant funding to the same recipient for the same type of activities. However, GAO was unable to determine whether unnecessary duplication exists because of limited information on program administrative costs, among other things. GAO did not find any gaps among the programs, …
Date: February 7, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOE Contracting: Improved Program Management Could Help Achieve Small Business Goal (open access)

DOE Contracting: Improved Program Management Could Help Achieve Small Business Goal

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Federal policy requires that small businesses receive the maximum practicable opportunity for providing goods and services to federal agencies through prime contracts--direct contracts between the government and a contractor. The Department of Energy (DOE) buys more than $20 billion in goods and services annually. GAO was asked to (1) discuss DOE's key efforts to increase small business prime contracting opportunities and (2) identify the management challenges DOE faces in improving its small business prime contracting performance. In addition to these objectives GAO is providing information on the management of small business programs by other federal agencies that either share certain characteristics with DOE's largest program offices or that have components that share certain characteristics with these offices."
Date: April 7, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
NOAA: Next Steps to Strengthen Its Acquisition Function (open access)

NOAA: Next Steps to Strengthen Its Acquisition Function

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) accounts for about half of the Department of Commerce's (Commerce) acquisition spending, over $851 million in fiscal year 2005 alone. In recent years however, NOAA has experienced instances of poor contract management. GAO was asked to determine if NOAA is positioned to effectively carry out its acquisition function. Specifically, GAO assessed the extent to which NOAA has structured an acquisition organization that provides appropriate oversight; established policies and processes that promote, among other things, a knowledge-based acquisition process for development and production of complex systems; and planned and managed its contracting workforce to address future retirement challenges."
Date: June 7, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Green Affordable Housing: HUD Has Made Progress in Promoting Green Building, but Expanding Efforts Could Help Reduce Energy Costs and Benefit Tenants (open access)

Green Affordable Housing: HUD Has Made Progress in Promoting Green Building, but Expanding Efforts Could Help Reduce Energy Costs and Benefit Tenants

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Rising energy prices and concerns about the environment have fueled interest in "green building"--resource-efficient construction and maintenance practices that reduce adverse impacts on the natural environment. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), spends an estimated $5 billion on energy costs annually in its affordable housing programs and has recently taken steps to reduce its energy costs. GAO was asked to review (1) HUD's efforts to promote energy efficiency in its programs and the use of performance measures, (2) potential costs and long-term benefits of green building in HUD's affordable housing programs, and (3) lessons learned elsewhere that HUD could use to promote green building. GAO reviewed HUD program documents and studies on green building, interviewed HUD officials and industry representatives, and made site visits to locations that use green building practices."
Date: October 7, 2008
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Health Care Fraud: Types of Providers Involved in Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program Cases (open access)

Health Care Fraud: Types of Providers Involved in Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program Cases

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "According to 2010 data from the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Inspector General (HHS-OIG) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), 10,187 subjects--individuals and entities involved in fraud cases--were investigated for health care fraud, including fraud in Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). These subjects included different types of providers and suppliers--such as physicians, hospitals, durable medical equipment suppliers, home health agencies, and pharmacies--that serve Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP beneficiaries. For criminal cases in 2010, medical facilities--including medical centers, clinics, or practices--and durable medical equipment suppliers were the most-frequent subjects investigated. Hospitals and medical facilities were the most-frequent subjects investigated in civil fraud cases, including cases that resulted in judgments or settlements."
Date: September 7, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unemployment Insurance: Factors Associated with Benefit Receipt (open access)

Unemployment Insurance: Factors Associated with Benefit Receipt

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Unemployment Insurance (UI), established in 1935, is a complex system of 53 state programs that in fiscal year 2004 provided $41.3 billion in temporary cash benefits to 8.8 million eligible workers who had become unemployed through no fault of their own. Given the size of the UI program, its importance in helping workers meet their needs when they are unemployed, and the little information available on what factors lead eligible workers to receive benefits over time, GAO was asked to determine (1) the extent to which an individual worker's characteristics, including past UI benefit receipt, are associated with the likelihood of UI benefit receipt or unemployment duration, and (2) whether an unemployed worker's industry is associated with the likelihood of UI benefit receipt and unemployment duration. Using data from a nationally representative sample of workers born between 1957 and 1964 and spanning the years 1979 through 2002, and information on state UI eligibility rules, GAO used multivariate statistical techniques to identify the key factors associated with UI benefit receipt and unemployment duration. In its comments, the Department of Labor stated that while there are certain qualifications …
Date: March 7, 2006
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Courthouses: Better Planning Needed Regarding Reuse of Old Courthouses (open access)

Federal Courthouses: Better Planning Needed Regarding Reuse of Old Courthouses

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Of the 66 old federal courthouses that GAO reviewed, the General Services Administration (GSA) retained 40, disposed of 25, and is in the process of disposing of another. Of the retained old courthouses, the judiciary occupies 30 of them, 25 as the main tenant, most commonly with the district and bankruptcy courts. When determining whether to retain and reuse or to dispose of old courthouses, GSA considers, among other things, a building's condition, the local real estate market, and the existing and projected base of federal tenants. GSA officials said that after the judiciary moves to new courthouses, old courthouses often require renovations to be reused. Moreover, GSA officials said that it can be challenging to find new tenants for old courthouses due to the buildings' condition and needed renovations, among other reasons. Among the retained old courthouses GAO reviewed, excluding one building that was under major renovation, about 14 percent of the total space (nearly 1-million square feet) in them was vacant as of May 2013--significantly higher than the 4.8 percent overall vacant space in federally-owned buildings in 2012."
Date: November 7, 2013
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biosafety Laboratories: BSL-4 Laboratories Improved Perimeter Security Despite Limited Action by CDC (open access)

Biosafety Laboratories: BSL-4 Laboratories Improved Perimeter Security Despite Limited Action by CDC

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Biosafety laboratories are primarily regulated by either the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), depending on whether the substances they handle pose a threat to the health of humans or plants, animals, and related products, respectively. Currently, all operational biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) labs are overseen by HHS's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). BSL-4 labs handle the world's most dangerous agents and toxins that cause incurable and deadly diseases. In September 2008, GAO reported that two of the five operational BSL-4 labs had less than a third of the key perimeter security controls GAO assessed and recommended that CDC implement specific perimeter controls for all BSL-4 labs. GAO was asked to (1) provide an update on what action, if any, CDC took to address the 2008 recommendation; (2) determine whether perimeter security controls at the two deficient BSL-4 labs had improved since the 2008 report; and (3) provide other observations about the BSL-4 labs it assessed. To meet these objectives, GAO reviewed CDC's statement to Congress as well as other agency and HHS documentation on actions …
Date: July 7, 2009
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library