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Demonstration of New Technologies Required for the Treatment of Mixed Waste Contaminated with {ge}260 ppm Mercury (open access)

Demonstration of New Technologies Required for the Treatment of Mixed Waste Contaminated with {ge}260 ppm Mercury

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines several categories of mercury wastes, each of which has a defined technology or concentration-based treatment standard, or universal treatment standard (UTS). RCRA defines mercury hazardous wastes as any waste that has a TCLP value for mercury of 0.2 mg/L or greater. Three of these categories, all nonwastewaters, fall within the scope of this report on new technologies to treat mercury-contaminated wastes: wastes as elemental mercury; hazardous wastes with less than 260 mg/kg [parts per million (ppm)] mercury; and hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury. While this report deals specifically with the last category--hazardous wastes with 260 ppm or more of mercury--the other two categories will be discussed briefly so that the full range of mercury treatment challenges can be understood. The treatment methods for these three categories are as follows: Waste as elemental mercury--RCRA identifies amalgamation (AMLGM) as the treatment standard for radioactive elemental mercury. However, radioactive mercury condensates from retorting (RMERC) processes also require amalgamation. In addition, incineration (IMERC) and RMERC processes that produce residues with >260 ppm of radioactive mercury contamination and that fail the RCRA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) limit for mercury (0.20 mg/L) require …
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Morris, M. I.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Evaluation of New Generation Vehicles and Vehicle Components (open access)

Environmental Evaluation of New Generation Vehicles and Vehicle Components

This report documents assessments that address waste issues and life cycle impacts associated with the vehicle materials and vehicle technologies being developed under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program. We refer to these vehicles as 3XVs, referring to the PNGV goal that their fuel mileage be three times better than the baseline vehicle. To meet the program's fuel consumption goals, these vehicles substitute lightweight materials for heavier materials such as steel and iron that currently dominate the composition of vehicles, and use engineering and power system changes. Alternative power systems being developed through the PNGV program include batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cells. With respect to all these developments, it is imperative to learn what effects they will have on the environment before adopting these designs and technologies on a large-scale basis.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Schexnayder, S.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Final Report - Effect of Magnetic Configuration on Spheromak Performances, FY2000 - FY2001, Tracking No.00-SI-008 (open access)

Final Report - Effect of Magnetic Configuration on Spheromak Performances, FY2000 - FY2001, Tracking No.00-SI-008

This is the final report on LDRD SI-funded research to determine the Effect of Magnetic Field Configurations on Spheromak Performance for the years FY2000-FY2001, during which a new set of bias magnetic field coils was used to change the vacuum magnetic field configuration of the SSPX spheromak at LLNL. The USDOE Office of Fusion Energy Science funded the routine operation of the SSPX facility during FY00 and FY01. A photo of the SSPX facility as it appeared in mid-FY01, appears in this report. The main distinctive feature of the spheromak is that currents in the plasma itself produce the confining toroidal magnetic field, rather than a complex set of external coils. The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) device was designed and built study how well the spheromak can contain plasma energy while dynamo processes in the plasma maintain the confining magnetic fields. The spheromak potentially offers advantages over other fusion reactor concepts because it is compact, has no field coils linking the vacuum vessel, and can be operated in a steady state with voltage applied to external electrodes. It is predicted that the ability of the SSPX to contain the plasma thermal energy will increase with increasing plasma electron temperature; …
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Hill, D. N.; Hooper, E. B.; McLean, H. S.; Stallard, B. W.; Woodruff, S. & Wood, R. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fusion Power Deployment (open access)

Fusion Power Deployment

Fusion power plants could be part of a future portfolio of non-carbon dioxide producing energy supplies such as wind, solar, biomass, advanced fission power, and fossil energy with carbon dioxide sequestration. In this paper, we discuss key issues that could impact fusion energy deployment during the last half of this century. These include geographic issues such as resource availability, scale issues, energy storage requirements, and waste issues. The resource needs and waste production associated with fusion deployment in the U.S. should not pose serious problems. One important feature of fusion power is the fact that a fusion power plant should be locatable within most local or regional electrical distribution systems. For this reason, fusion power plants should not increase the burden of long distance power transmission to our distribution system. In contrast to fusion power, regional factors could play an important role in the deployment of renewable resources such as wind, solar and biomass or fossil energy with CO2 sequestration. We examine the role of these regional factors and their implications for fusion power deployment.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Schmidt, J. A. & Ogden, J. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Report : Malheur River Wildlife Mitigation, 2000-2002 Technical Report. (open access)

Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Report : Malheur River Wildlife Mitigation, 2000-2002 Technical Report.

The development of hydropower systems within the Columbia and Snake River basins has affected a tremendous amount of fish and wildlife species. The dams have played a major role in the rapid extinction of anadromous runs of salmon and steelhead as well as other native salmonids. Inundation of these dams and the construction of reservoirs for irrigation have also severely impacted wildlife species. In some cases, fluctuating water levels caused by dam and reservoir operations have created barren vegetation zones that expose wildlife to predation and a reduction in recruitment. In association with hydropower activities, secondary impacts have also challenged and highly impacted a majority of wildlife species. The construction of roads, facilities, urban development, channelization, and diversions of streams and rivers often have negative long-term effects on fish, wildlife, and vegetation. In response to these concerns, the United States Congress passed the Pacific Electric Power Planning Conservation Act (Act) in 1980. The Act authorized four states (Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington) and 13 Indian Tribes (including the Burns Paiute Tribe) to create the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council). The role of the Council is to prepare a program in conjunction with several participants that protects, mitigates and enhances affected …
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Gonzalez, Daniel & Wenick, Jess
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Handbook for the Manybeam Velocimeter (open access)

Handbook for the Manybeam Velocimeter

None
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Strand, Ted
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Historic Marker Application: Boddeker House] (open access)

[Historic Marker Application: Boddeker House]

Application materials submitted to the Texas Historical Commission requesting a historic marker for the Boddeker House, in Galveston, Texas. The materials include the inscription text of the marker, original application, narrative, and photographs.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Illustrated Paperboy (Cleveland, Tex.), Vol. 9, No. 46, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

Illustrated Paperboy (Cleveland, Tex.), Vol. 9, No. 46, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Cleveland, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Early Childhood Programs (Section 619 and Part C) (open access)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Early Childhood Programs (Section 619 and Part C)

None
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Apling, Richard N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band detectors (open access)

Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band detectors

Extended long wavelength response to {approx}200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) has been observed in Ge:Sb Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors with N{sub D} {approx} 1 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup -3}. The cut-off wavelength increases from 150 {micro}m (65 cm{sup -1}) to 200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) with increasing bias. The responsivity at long wavelengths was lower than expected. This can be explained by considering the observed Sb diffusion profile in a transition region between the blocking layer and active layer. BIB modeling is presented which indicates that this Sb concentration profile increases the electric field in the transition region and reduces the field in the blocking layer. The depletion region consists partially of the transition region between the active and blocking layer, which could contribute to the reduced long wavelength response. The field spike at the interface is the likely cause of breakdown at a lower bias than expected.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Bandaru, Jordana; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Haller, Eugene E.; Samperi, Stacy & Haegel, Nancy M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internet Statistics: Explanation and Sources (open access)

Internet Statistics: Explanation and Sources

None
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Tehan, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Kinetics of Phase Transformation in Welds (open access)

The Kinetics of Phase Transformation in Welds

The fundamentals of welding-induced phase transformations in metals and alloys are being investigated using a combination of advanced synchrotron based experimental methods and modem computational science tools. In-situ experimental methods have been developed using a spatially resolved x-ray probe to enable direct observations of phase transformations under the real non- isothermal conditions experienced during welding. These experimental techniques represent a major step forward in the understanding of phase transformations that occur during welding, and are now being used to aid in the development of models to predict microstructural evolution under the severe temperature gradients, high peak temperatures and rapid thermal fluctuations characteristic of welds. Titanium alloys, stainless steels and plain carbon steels are currently under investigation, and the phase transformation data being obtained here cannot be predicted or measured using conventional metallurgical approaches. Two principal synchrotron-based techniques have been developed and refined for in-situ investigations of phase transformation dynamics in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) of welds: Spatially Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (SRXRD) and Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (TRXRD). Both techniques provide real-time observations of phases that exist during welding, and both have been developed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) using a high flux wiggler beam …
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Elmer, J W; Wong, J & Palmer, T
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Levelland and Hockley County News-Press (Levelland, Tex.), Vol. 24, No. 90, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

Levelland and Hockley County News-Press (Levelland, Tex.), Vol. 24, No. 90, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Semiweekly newspaper from Levelland, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Rigg, John
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Llano News (Llano, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 18, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

The Llano News (Llano, Tex.), Vol. 114, No. 18, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Llano, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Stephenson, Jimmy
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 20, No. 41, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 20, No. 41, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Mannford, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Retherford, Bill R.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 6, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 6, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Weekly newspaper from Mercedes, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Metallurgy and Ceramics/Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics (open access)

Metallurgy and Ceramics/Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics

In the past three years, we have carried out a number of studies on the deformation and superplasticity of fine-structured materials. The goal was to develop an understanding on the deformation microstructure relationship in these advanced materials and to improve further their properties through microstructural control. In this report, we describe only some of the key results and observations from these studies.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Nieh, T G
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

None
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Neutral Particle Analyzer Measurements of Ion Behavior in NSTX (open access)

Neutral Particle Analyzer Measurements of Ion Behavior in NSTX

Initial results obtained with the Neutral Particle Analyzer (NPA) diagnostic on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) are presented. Magnetohydrodynamic activity and reconnection events cause depletion of the deuterium energetic ion distribution created by neutral-beam injection. Adding High Harmonic Fast Wave Heating to neutral-beam-heated discharges results in the generation of an energetic ion tail above the beam injection energy. NPA measurements of the residual hydrogen ion temperature are in good agreement with those from recombination spectroscopy.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Medley, S. S.; Bell, R. E.; Darrow, D. S. & Roquemore, A. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 85, No. 93, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 85, No. 93, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Johnson, Jennifer
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
On Properties of Compressional Alfven Eigenmode Instability Driven by Superalfvinic Ions (open access)

On Properties of Compressional Alfven Eigenmode Instability Driven by Superalfvinic Ions

Properties of the instability of Compressional Alfven Eigenmodes (CAE) in tokamak plasmas are studied in the cold plasma approximation with an emphasis on the instability driven by the energetic minority Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) ions. We apply earlier developed theory [N.N. Gorelenkov and C.Z. Cheng, Nuclear Fusion 35 (1995) 1743] to compare two cases: Ion Cyclotron Emission (ICE) driven by charged fusion products and ICRH Minority driven ICE (MICE) [J. Cottrell, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2000)] recently observed on JET [Joint European Torus]. Particularly in MICE spectrum, only instabilities with even harmonics of deuterium-cyclotron frequency at the low-field-side plasma edge were reported. Odd deuterium-cyclotron frequency harmonics of ICE spectrum between the cyclotron harmonics of protons can be driven only via the Doppler-shifted cyclotron wave-particle resonance of CAEs with fusion products, but are shown to be damped due to the electron Landau damping in experiments on MI CE. Excitation of odd harmonics of MICE with high-field-side heating is predicted. Dependencies of the instability on the electron temperature is studied and is shown to be strong. Low electron temperature is required to excite odd harmonics in MICE.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Gorelenkov, N. N. & Cheng, C. Z.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 33, Ed. 1, Wednesday, February 6, 2002 (open access)

The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 90, No. 33, Ed. 1, Wednesday, February 6, 2002

Tri-weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Carrie Milan, February 6, 2002 transcript

Oral History Interview with Carrie Milan, February 6, 2002

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Carrie Milan. Milan’s husband Joe served with the Army Engineers during World War II from around 1940 to 1945. He served in both the European and Pacific theaters, and was stationed in England, North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, Italy, Okinawa and Iwo Jima during his service. Milan shares that Joe was a Staff Sergeant in charge of supplies. Milan shares a number of Joe’s experiences while on Iwo Jima, including his work with fellow servicemen, casualties and attacks made by the Japanese. She speaks on how their mail correspondence between the two of them was censored, how Joe actively participated in combat throughout his service and his work procuring and dispersing supplies. Joe passed away on 3 August 2000 and Milan provides information about their children and grandchildren.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Milan, Carrie
Object Type: Sound
System: The Portal to Texas History