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This issue brief discusses the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) virus and its effects on the world, especially with regard to the welfare of developing nations and various facets of general international relations. Also discussed are the related issues for Congress and U.S. contributions to international AIDS relief efforts led by the World Health Organization (WHO).

A structural compaction model is used to correlate NSWC quasi-static compaction data on porous beds of six (6) different materials, i.e., four (4) ball powders, melamine, and Teflon. Initial densities of the porous beds ranged from 44 percent solid theoretical maximum density (TMD) to 70 percent TMD. Maximum compacted densities were about 90 percent TMD except for Teflon which was compacted to approximately 98 percent TMD. Pressures calculated by the model, plotted as a function of percent TMD, agree well with the NSWC data.

Technetium (Tc) is a major fission product with a fission yield similar to {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs. All traces of the natural element have disappeared due to decay over the earth`s history. The major isotope present in cooled nuclear fuel is {sup 99}Tc with a half life of 2.12 {times} 10{sup 5} years. This isotope decays via low energy (0.292 Mev) beta emission which is easily absorbed and contributes little penetrating radiation hazards in fuel reprocessing. Because it is difficult to detect, the distribution of {sup 99}Tc in the F and H area process streams is not generally well known. Previous studies have shown that a significant fraction of Tc follows uranium through the solvent extraction process. This study was conducted to analyze the {sup 99}Tc content of SRP uranium product streams, to assess any hazard due to {sup 99}Tc and to evaluate the impact of future higher burnup fuels on {sup 99}Tc levels in uranium products. This summary report presents {sup 99}Tc assays in uranium streams in F and H areas, relates these concentrations to solvent extraction conditions in the two areas, and compares the incremental radioactivity from {sup 99}Tc in the product streams to the uranium itself. …

The 10 kA ETA and ATA linear induction accelerators are described. Beam instability is the major concern in these high current machines, and the current status of theoretical understanding, and experimental investigations with the 8 cavity ETA, are reviewed. Modifications to the induction cavities are described that have essentially eliminated the transverse resonant modes seen in the ETA.

Bunched beams of 100 and 150 GeV have been stored in the Fermilab Main Ring for periods of up to one hour. The observations of beam current and beam profiles are analyzed for the effects of gas scattering, chromaticity and non-linear magnetic field.

Recent developments of transition radiation detectors (TRD's) indicate that an efficient and practical system can be deployed for beam line particle tagging for momenta greater than 200 GeV/c. This note describes the design of a prototype system to be tested at Fermilab in Fall, 1983. Pre-prototype testing was done at BNL in March, 1983 and has been followed up by bench testing of gasses and electronics at Fermilab. The design goal is a modular system which puts few contraints on beam line configuration and hence can be adapted to any high energy secondary beam.

Transverse displacement of the electron beam at input to the wiggler induces betatron oscillation, imparting a sinusoidal transverse displacement to the gain medium seen by the optical beam. As the light propagates down this ''rippled'' medium it is guided by the dispersion, thereby acquiring some transverse sinusoidal displacement. At output from the wiggler the optical beam in general has acquired some transverse component of velocity, that is, it propagates off-axis. As the e-beam displacement fluctuates statistically with every pulse, the optical output direction jitters around the nominal axis. The jitters is estimated with a model that includes off-axis optical propagation through a ''rippled'' gain medium but neglects feedback of the off-axis light on the e-beam. The model is solved in perturbation theory. The jitter is calculated at the final aperture of the optical system beyond the wiggler. 8 refs., 13 figs.

This report summarizes the progress made during the first six months of the grant period. The status of each of the three major task areas is discussed: the atomization study, the analytical droplet model, and the combustion study. The time-period has been used primarily to design and begin fabrication of the experimental atomization and combustion facilities. No data is presented in either of these areas. Significant progress has been made in the development of the numerical droplet model. The results of a preliminary parametric study are presented for a single coal particle in a one-millimeter methanol droplet. The importance of gas phase velocity and coal particle diameter bringing the solid material to the droplet surface is discussed.

A design study of a closed loop test facility for eight-inch hot dirty gas valves is presented. The objective of the facility is to quality valves for use in coal gasifiers, combined cycle plants, and pressurized fluid bed combustors. Outline sketches and estimated costs are presented for the selected design.

This report is on the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act Budget for FY82.

This report covers the impact of revisions for the 1982 fiscal year budget set in place by President Ronald Reagan.

All of the ordered Tychoway rollers, to be used under the cryostat carriages on the center beam, have to be modified to accommodate a keyed way used to guide the cryostat along these same ways. A 0.320 x 0.406 inch notch is machined along one of the longer lower edges in order to create a 0.640 x 0.406 inch keyway when two of these notched rollers are bolted together (side by side) for installation. This keyway will fit over a .635 x .375 inch key, which is inserted into the ways. Due to the close fit, the rollers were sent to the Fermi Inspection Dept. to double check the machined notch dimensions and tolerances. Included is the drawing sent to the Tychoway manufacturer, who machined the notch, and the results of the measurements taken by the Inspection Dept. The tolerance on the 0.320 inch dimension is {+-} 0.002 inches. Only three of the initial ten rollers fall within the tolerance; No.3, 9 and 10 (they were numbered by the Inspection Dept.). The other seven, plus one of the 'good' rollers, can be matched up to meet the required dimensions of a 0.640 {+-} 0.004 inch keyway. Since only four rollers …

This note describes the construction of a muon spoiler (magnetized steel assembly) with a cross section of 2 ft by 2 ft and a length of 10.5 ft. Two such spoilers are operated in series at an average field of about 15 kGauss, from one 100 ADC, 40 V power supply. The purpose of the spoilers is to prevent muons from easily escaping beyond the muon laboratory experimental area by bending them down so that they have to pass through more earth. The spoilers reduce the muon dose rate beyond the experimental area by about a factor of 15 to 20. These types of spoilers are not precision devices. They were inexpensive to build from scrap materials using rough flame cutting methods. It took about 14 days to fabricate them.

A procedure has been developed to determine 21 trace impurity elements in uranium hexafluoride, using inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry (ICAP). The method consists of a liquid-liquid extraction to separate uranium from the trace impurities with a mixture of tri-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phosphate (TEHP) and heptane. The raffinate containing the elements is subsequently analyzed by ICAP. The impurity elements which can be analyzed by this method are: Al, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, V and Zn.

Research into deuterium-from-protium isotope separation via both metal hydride chromatography and CO/sub 2/ laser multiple-photon dissociation (MPD) of trifluoromethane (CDF/sub 3//CHF/sub 3/) is discussed. Several new classes of alloy compositions, including Mg-rare earth, NiTi/sub x/, and (Ca+Ce,Zr,Ti)./sub 8//sup -/Ni/sub 4/Cu compounds, were evaluated for chromatograhic isotope separation; no tested alloy exhibited properties suitable for commercial deuterium separation. For deuterium separation by MPD of CDF/sub 3/, construction of a CO/sub 2/ laser system was completed that is capable of delivering either 2 nsec short pulses at a single wavelength or 200 nsec long pulses simulatneously at two different laser frequencies. The wavelength dependence of single-line multiple-photon dissociation probability of CDF/sub 3/ was measured, and is reported here. Deuterium separation by CO/sub 2/ laser photolysis of CDF/sub 3//CHF/sub 3/ near 10.3 ..mu.. using approx. 2 nsec pulses still appears to be a commercially viable process for heavy water production.

The laboratory facility for photochemical tritium separation research has been completed. Methods for synthesizing the mono-tritiated halogenated methanes have been developed. Notably, CTF/sub 3/ has been synthesized and spectrally analyzed. The CTF/sub 3/ vibrational frequencies are found to be in quite good agreement with earlier calculations.

During the quarter from October 1986 to January 1987 the following technical progress was made: (1) Initiated a literature study focusing on optimized burner aerodynamics and design methodologies for high efficiency swirl generation devices, (2) Completed design of Swirler Test Facility (STF) to be used for comparative swirler evaluations, and (3) Initiated facility preparation at MIT for thermal atomization studies and high shear viscosity measurements.

During the quarter from October 1986 to January 1987 the following technical progress was made: (1) Initiated a literature study focusing on optimized burner aerodynamics and design methodologies for high efficiency swirl generation devices, (2) Completed design of Swirler Test Facility (STF) to be used for comparative swirler evaluations, and (3) Initiated facility preparation at MIT for thermal atomization studies and high shear viscosity measurements.

The research objectives and goals of 1983--84 to date include further investigation of 1-halogenated and B-/C-ring halogenated and radio halogenated estradiol derivatives for potential use as receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals. Our group has devised synthetic routes to 1-bromo, 1-chloro- and 1-fluoroestradiol via electrophilic halogenation of the aromatic A-ring. Work is presently underway to prepare the 1-iodo derivative using a similar methodology. The 11 {beta}-methoxy, 17 {alpha}-ethynyl and 11 {beta}-methoxy-17 {alpha}-ethynyl derivatives are of synthetic interest if the in vitro binding affinities of the parent compounds are favorable. The B- and C-ring vinyl halides' which were proposed in the current contract could not be prepared using the hydrazone intermediates described. Presently, other methods which show promise are being investigated. Stable B-ring brominated derivatives of estradiol have been prepared by our group. Their in vitro properties are currently under investigation. 15 refs.

Table 3.3 summarizes the initial capital, deferred capital, and operating costs (in millions of 1980 dollars) for the four regionally-based underground model mines. The initial capital is divided into two components, fixed and variable. The fixed component is just the investment cost for surface facilities, which is assumed to be independent of mine size. The rest of the initial capital cost is associated with production (primarily face-related) and is assumed to vary linearly with mine size (i.e., annual output). There exists a concern that deferred capital costs will change due to entry mode. However, the installations concerned primarily with this point are depreciated off over the mine life and are not targeted for replacement. Therefore, deferred capital costs will not change significantly with entry mode changes or seam depth. In conclusion, it is our feeling that, within the resources of this project, development of cost adjustment factors relating productivity to various supply regions and seam heights is not practical. Assuming that productivity and, therefore, cost is independent of seam height will introduce errors into the system; however, their extent should be minimized by the incorporation of multiple model mines into the RAMC. Lastly, the relationship presented in this memorandum for …

Designing a drift chamber cell geometry which optimizes resolution and two track separation is not a straightforward task. This paper describes a software package which helps visualize the behavior of drifting electrons within the cell under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Histograms of chamber pulse shapes and arrival times may be generated. In addition, a calculation of the gas gain is performed. The package presently uses drift velocity, drift angle, gain, and dE/dx parameterizations for 50:50 argon/endash/ethane but modifications may be easily made for other gas mixtures. The model is straightforward and relies on an analytical form for the electric potential of an infinite series of wires. The electric field is calculated numerically in a small region surrounding any point of interest. In the absence of a magnetic field, the drift direction of an ionization electron is the unit vector along the E field direction. When a perpendicular magnetic field is present, the drift direction is rotated by the Lorentz angle, a. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the adequacy of present and proposed decontamination and waste treatment facilities (DWTF) at LLNL, to determine the cost effectiveness for proposed improvements, and possible alternatives for accomplishing these improvements. To the extent possible, we have also looked at some of the proposed environmental compliance and cleanup (ECC) projects.

The dynamic response of a thin steel disk to a transient thermal pulse induced by a pulsed neodymium-glass laser was studied experimentally and compared with numerical results from a finite element code. The experiment was designed to provide data for use in code development work for erosion/corrosion studies.