Ab Initio Studies of Coke Formation on Ni Catalysts During Methane Reforming (open access)

Ab Initio Studies of Coke Formation on Ni Catalysts During Methane Reforming

The atomic-scale processes that control the formation of carbon deposits on Ni catalysts in reforming applications are poorly understood. Ab initio Density Functional Theory calculations have been used to examine several key elementary steps in the complex network of chemical reactions that precedes carbon formation on practical catalysts. Attention has been focused on the disproportionation of CO. A comparative study of this reaction on flat and stepped crystal planes of Ni has provided the first direct evidence that surface carbon formation is driven by elementary reactions occurring at defect sites on Ni catalysts. The adsorption and diffusion of atomic H on several flat and stepped Ni surfaces has also been characterized experimentally.
Date: March 5, 2006
Creator: Sholl, David S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aberration correction for analytical in situ TEM - the NTEAM concept. (open access)

Aberration correction for analytical in situ TEM - the NTEAM concept.

Future aberration corrected transmission electron microscopes (TEM) will have a strong impact in materials science, since such microscopes yield information on chemical bonding and structure of interfaces, grain boundaries and lattice defects at an atomic level. Beyond this aberration correction offers new possibilities for in situ experiments performed under controlled temperature, magnetic field, strain etc. at atomic resolution. Such investigations are necessary for solving problems arising from electronic component miniaturization, for example. Significant progress can be expected by means of analytical aberration corrected TEM. These next generation microscopes will be equipped with an aberration corrected imaging system, a monochromator and aberration corrected energy filters. These novel elements have already been designed and partially realized [1,2,3].
Date: March 5, 2002
Creator: Kabius, B.; Allen, C. W. & Miller, D. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstract: Contaminant Travel Times From the Nevada Test Site to Yucca Mountain: Sensitivity to Porosity (open access)

Abstract: Contaminant Travel Times From the Nevada Test Site to Yucca Mountain: Sensitivity to Porosity

Yucca Mountain (YM), Nevada, has been proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy as a geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. In this study, we investigate the potential for groundwater advective pathways from underground nuclear testing areas on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to the YM area by estimating the timeframe for advective travel and its uncertainty resulting from porosity value uncertainty for hydrogeologic units (HGUs) in the region. We perform sensitivity analysis to determine the most influential HGUs on advective radionuclide travel times from the NTS to the YM area. Groundwater pathways and advective travel times are obtained using the particle tracking package MODPATH and flow results from the Death Valley Regional Flow System (DVRFS) model by the U.S. Geological Survey. Values and uncertainties of HGU porosities are quantified through evaluation of existing site porosity data and expert professional judgment and are incorporated through Monte Carlo simulations to estimate mean travel times and uncertainties. We base our simulations on two steady state flow scenarios for the purpose of long term prediction and monitoring. The first represents pre-pumping conditions prior to groundwater development in the area in 1912 (the initial stress period of the DVRFS model). …
Date: September 5, 2008
Creator: Pohlmann, Karl F.; Zhu, Jianting; Chapman, Jenny B.; Russell, Charles E.; Carroll, Rosemary W. H. & Shafer, David S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstract - INMM Annual Meeting 1998 Status of Underground Testing Program (open access)

Abstract - INMM Annual Meeting 1998 Status of Underground Testing Program

This report is about the INMM Annual Meeting 1998 Status of Underground Testing Program.
Date: February 5, 2008
Creator: Dr. William J. Boyle, Larry R. Hayes, Alan J. Mitchell
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerating Uranium in RHIC – II Surviving the AGS Vacuum (open access)

Accelerating Uranium in RHIC – II Surviving the AGS Vacuum

This Report is about the description of the survival rate of charge 90+ uranium ions in the AGS vacuum.
Date: May 5, 1988
Creator: J., Rhoades-Brown M. & Gould, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration for a High Energy Muon Collider. (open access)

Acceleration for a High Energy Muon Collider.

None
Date: January 5, 2000
Creator: Berg, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ACCELERATION OF POLARIZED BEAMS USING MULTIPLE STRONG PARTIAL SIBERIAN SNAKES. (open access)

ACCELERATION OF POLARIZED BEAMS USING MULTIPLE STRONG PARTIAL SIBERIAN SNAKES.

Acceleration of polarized protons in the energy range of 5 to 25 GeV is particularly difficult since depolarizing spin resonances are strong enough to cause significant depolarization but full Siberian snakes cause intolerably large orbit excursions. Using a 20-30% partial Siberian snake both imperfection and intrinsic resonances can be overcome. Such a strong partial Siberian snake was designed for the Brookhaven AGS using a dual pitch helical superconducting dipole. Multiple strong partial snakes are also discussed for spin matching at beam injection and extraction.
Date: July 5, 2004
Creator: ROSER,T. AHRENS,L. BAI,M. ET AL.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator/Experiment Operations - FY 2001 Through FY 2003 (open access)

Accelerator/Experiment Operations - FY 2001 Through FY 2003

This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the accelerator and experiment operations for the period FY 2001 through FY 2003. The plan is to have an annual TM to gather such information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the startup of Run II at the Tevatron Collider and the beginning of the MiniBooNE neutrino experiment. While the focus is on the FY 2003 efforts, this document includes summaries of the earlier years where available for completeness.
Date: February 5, 2004
Creator: al., Jeffrey A. Appel et
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator physics and technology limitations to ultimate energy and luminosity in very large hadron colliders (open access)

Accelerator physics and technology limitations to ultimate energy and luminosity in very large hadron colliders

The following presents a study of the accelerator physics and technology limitations to ultimate energy and luminosity in very large hadron colliders (VLHCs). The main accelerator physics limitations to ultimate energy and luminosity in future energy frontier hadron colliders are synchrotron radiation (SR) power, proton-collision debris power in the interaction regions (IR), number of events-per-crossing, stored energy per beam and beam-stability [1]. Quantitative estimates of these limits were made and translated into scaling laws that could be inscribed into the particle energy versus machine size plane to delimit the boundaries for possible VLHCs. Eventually, accelerator simulations were performed to obtain the maximum achievable luminosities within these boundaries. Although this study aimed at investigating a general VLHC, it was unavoidable to refer in some instances to the recently studied, [2], 200 TeV center-of-mass energy VLHC stage-2 design (VLHC-2). A more thorough rendering of this work can be found in [3].
Date: December 5, 2002
Creator: al., P. Bauer et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceleressence: Dark energy from a phase transition at the seesawscale (open access)

Acceleressence: Dark energy from a phase transition at the seesawscale

Simple models are constructed for ''acceleressence'' dark energy: the latent heat of a phase transition occurring in a hidden sector governed by the seesaw mass scale v{sup 2}/M{sub Pl}, where v is the electroweak scale and M{sub Pl} the gravitational mass scale. In our models, the seesaw scale is stabilized by supersymmetry, implying that the LHC must discover superpartners with a spectrum that reflects a low scale of fundamental supersymmetry breaking. Newtonian gravity may be modified by effects arising from the exchange of fields in the acceleressence sector whose Compton wavelengths are typically of order the millimeter scale. There are two classes of models. In the first class the universe is presently in a metastable vacuum and will continue to inflate until tunneling processes eventually induce a first order transition. In the simplest such model, the range of the new force is bounded to be larger than 25 {micro}m in the absence of fine-tuning of parameters, and for couplings of order unity it is expected to be {approx} 100 {micro}m. In the second class of models thermal effects maintain the present vacuum energy of the universe, but on further cooling, the universe will ''soon'' smoothly relax to a matter dominated …
Date: October 5, 2004
Creator: Chacko, Z.; Hall, Lawrence J. & Nomura, Yasunori
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance/operational test procedure 103-AN tank camera purge system and 103-AN video camera system (open access)

Acceptance/operational test procedure 103-AN tank camera purge system and 103-AN video camera system

This Acceptance/Operational Test Procedure will document the satisfactory operation of the 103-AN Camera Purge Control System and 103-AN Video Camera System
Date: September 5, 1995
Creator: Castleberry, J.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance Test Procedure for New Pumping Instrumentation and Control Skid U (open access)

Acceptance Test Procedure for New Pumping Instrumentation and Control Skid U

This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides for the inspection and testing of the new Pumping Instrumentation and Control (PIC) skid designed as ''U''. The ATP will be performed after the construction of the PIC skid in the fabrication shop.
Date: December 5, 2000
Creator: Koch, M. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance test report for the 241-AN-107 caustic addition mixer pump data logger (open access)

Acceptance test report for the 241-AN-107 caustic addition mixer pump data logger

The Acceptance Test Procedure for the 241-AN-107 Caustic Addition Mixer Pump Data logger, WHC-SD-WM-ATP-149, was started on September 25, 1995, and completed November 13, 1995. K.G. Carothers of Tank Waste Remediation Engineering requested the test procedure and ICF Kaiser Control Systems Engineering group wrote the test procedure and executed it at the 305 building in 300 area and at the 241-AN Tank Farm in 200 East area. The purpose of this report is to document that the Caustic addition Mixer Pump Data logger, functioned as intended as installed at 241-AN-107 tank farm.
Date: April 5, 1996
Creator: Dowell, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accomplishments Achieved Under DOE Grant Number DE-FG03-92ER40693: The Physics of Gain Mechanisms in Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Free Electron Lasers (open access)
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE AMERICAN-POLISH PROGRAM FOR ELIMINATION OF LOW EMISSIONS IN KRAKOW (open access)

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE AMERICAN-POLISH PROGRAM FOR ELIMINATION OF LOW EMISSIONS IN KRAKOW

In 1991, US and Polish officials signed a Memorandum of Understanding formally initiating and directing the Cracow Clean Fossil Fuels and Energy Efficiency Program. Developing a program approach for the most effective use of the available funds required considerable effort on the part of all project participants. The team recognized early that the cost of solving the low emissions problem even in only one city far exceeded the amount of available US funds. Economic conditions in Poland limited availability of local capital funds for environmental projects. Imposing environmental costs on struggling companies or city residents under difficult conditions of the early 1990's required careful consideration of the economic and political impacts. For all of these reasons the program sought to identify technologies for achieving air quality goals which, through improved efficiency and/or reduced fuel cost, could be so attractive economically as to lead to self-sustaining activities beyond the end of the formal project. The effort under this program has been focused into 5 main areas of interest as follows: (1) Energy Conservation and Extension of Central Station District Heating; (2) Replacement of Coal- and Coke-Fired Boilers with Natural Gas-Fired Boilers; (3) Replacement of Coal-Fired Home Stoves with Electric Heating Appliances; …
Date: November 5, 1998
Creator: BUTCHER,T.A. & PIERCE,B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accretion onto the first stellar mass black holes (open access)

Accretion onto the first stellar mass black holes

The first stars, forming at redshifts z > 15 in minihalos with M {approx} 10{sup 5-6} M{sub {circle_dot}} may leave behind remnant black holes, which could conceivably have been the 'seeds' for the supermassive black holes observed at z {approx}< 7. We study remnant black hole growth through accretion, including for the first time the radiation emitted due to accretion, with adaptive mesh refinement cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. The effects of photo-ionization and heating dramatically affect the large-scale inflow, resulting in negligible mass growth. We compare cases with accretion luminosity included and neglected to show that accretion radiation drastically changes the environment within 100 pc of the black hole, increasing gas temperatures by an order of magnitude. Gas densities are reduced and further star formation in the same minihalo is prevented for the two hundred million years we followed. Without radiative feedback included most seed black holes do not gain mass as efficiently as has been hoped for in previous theories, implying that black hole remnants of Pop III stars in minihalos are not likely to be miniquasars. Most importantly, however, our calculations demonstrate that if these black holes are indeed accreting close to the Bondi-Hoyle rate with ten percent radiative …
Date: August 5, 2009
Creator: Alvarez, Marcelo A.; Wise, John H. & Abel, Tom
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ACCUMULATION OF RADIOCESIUM BY MUSHROOMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND IMAGE GALLERY (open access)

ACCUMULATION OF RADIOCESIUM BY MUSHROOMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND IMAGE GALLERY

During the last 50 years, a large amount of information on radionuclide accumulators or 'sentinel-type' organisms in the environment has been published. Much of this work focused on the risks of food-chain transfer of radionuclides to higher organisms such as reindeer and man. However, until the 1980's and 1990's, there has been little published data on the radiocesium ({sup 134}Cs and {sup 137}Cs) accumulation by mushrooms. This presentation will consist of a review of the published data for {sup 134,137}Cs accumulation by mushrooms in nature. The review will consider the time of sampling, sample location characteristics, the radiocesium source term and other aspects that promote {sup 134,137}Cs uptake by mushrooms. This review will focus on published data for mushrooms that demonstrate a large propensity for use in the environmental biomonitoring of radiocesium contamination. It will also provide photographs and descriptions of habitats for many of these mushrooms to facilitate their collection for biomonitoring.
Date: November 5, 2006
Creator: Duff, M & Mary Ramsey, M
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accuracy of Density Functional Theory for First-Principles Simulations of Water (open access)

Accuracy of Density Functional Theory for First-Principles Simulations of Water

None
Date: August 5, 2004
Creator: Schwegler, E.; Grossman, J.; Draeger, E.; Allesch, M.; Gygi, F. & Galli, G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
(Acid rain workshop) (open access)

(Acid rain workshop)

The traveler presented a paper entitled Susceptibility of Asian Ecosystems to Soil-Mediated Acid Rain Damage'' at the Second Workshop on Acid Rain in Asia. The workshop was organized by the Asian Institute of Technology (Bangkok, Thailand), Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, Illinois), and Resource Management Associates (Madison, Wisconsin) and was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, the United Nations Environment Program, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and the World Bank. Papers presented on the first day discussed how the experience gained with acid rain in North America and Europe might be applied to the Asian situation. Papers describing energy use projections, sulfur emissions, and effects of acid rain in several Asian countries were presented on the second day. The remaining time was allotted to discussion, planning, and writing plans for a future research program.
Date: December 5, 1990
Creator: Turner, R. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Detecting and Locating Gas Pipe Line Infringement Quarterly Report: Number 6 (open access)

Acoustic Detecting and Locating Gas Pipe Line Infringement Quarterly Report: Number 6

The power point presentation for the Natural Gas Technologies II Conference held on February 8-11, 2004 in Phoenix AZ, published the presentations made at the conference, therefore required all presenters to submit their presentation prior to November 2003. However in the remainder of year, significant new test data became available which were incorporated in the actual presentation made at the Natural Gas Technologies II Conference. The 6th progress report presents the updated actual slide show used during the paper presentation by Richard Guiler.
Date: January 5, 2004
Creator: LOTH, John L.; MORRIS, GARY J.; PALMER, GEORGE M. & GUILER, RICHARD
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinic Mask Inspection at the ALS Initial Design Review (open access)

Actinic Mask Inspection at the ALS Initial Design Review

This report is the first milestone report for the actinic mask blank inspection project conducted at the VNL, which forms sub-section 3 of the Q1 2003 mask blank technology transfer program at the VNL. Specifically this report addresses deliverable 3.1.1--design review and preliminary tool design. The goal of this project is to design an actinic mask inspection tool capable of operating in two modes: high-speed scanning for the detection of multilayer defects (inspection mode), and a high-resolution aerial image mode in which the image emulates the imaging illumination conditions of a stepper system (aerial image or AIM mode). The purpose and objective of these two modes is as follows: (1) Defect inspection mode--This imaging mode is designed to scan large areas of the mask for defects EUV multilayer coatings. The goal is to detect the presence of multilayer defects on a mask blank and to store the co-ordinates for subsequent review in AIM mode, thus it is not essential that the illumination and imaging conditions match that of a production stepper. Potential uses for this imaging mode include: (a) Correlating the results obtained using actinic inspection with results obtained using other non-EUV defect inspection systems to verify that the non-EUV …
Date: March 5, 2003
Creator: Barty, A.; Chapman, H.; Sweeney, D.; Levesque, R.; Bokor, J.; Gullikson, E. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinic Mask Inspection at the Als: Risk Reduction Activities for 2003 (open access)

Actinic Mask Inspection at the Als: Risk Reduction Activities for 2003

This document reports on risk reduction activities performed at the VNL during CY2003 as a part of the Lith-343 actinic inspection project funded by International SEMATECH. The risk reduction activities described in this document comprise deliverable items 3.1.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.5 and 3.1.6 of Amendment 6 to the VNL EUV mask blank technology transfer contract.
Date: January 5, 2004
Creator: Barty, A.; Levesque, R.; Ayers, J.; Liu, Y.; Gullikson, E. & Barale, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide Spectroscopy Workshop (open access)

Actinide Spectroscopy Workshop

Actinide materials present an extreme scientific challenge to the materials research community. The complex electronic structures of actinide materials result in many unusual and unique properties that have yet to be fully understood. The difficulties in handling, preparing, and characterizing actinide materials has frequently precluded investigations and has the limited the detailed understanding of these relevant, complex materials. However, modern experiments with actinide materials have the potential to provide key, fundamental information about many long-standing issues concerning actinide materials. This workshop focused on the scientific and technical challenges posed by actinide materials and the potential that synchrotron radiation approaches available at the ALS can contribute to improving the fundamental understanding of actinides materials. Fundamental experimental approaches and results, as well as theoretical modeling and computational simulations, were part of the workshop program.
Date: December 5, 2004
Creator: Tobin, J.G. & Shuh, D.K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide (U-Th-Pa) concentrations and isotopic disequilibrium in surface soils and glassy fallout beads from historical nuclear tests (open access)

Actinide (U-Th-Pa) concentrations and isotopic disequilibrium in surface soils and glassy fallout beads from historical nuclear tests

None
Date: June 5, 2013
Creator: Eppich, G R; Knight, K B; Jacomb-Hood, T W; Hutcheon, I D & Spriggs, G D
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library