Advanced waste forms research and development. First quarterly report (open access)

Advanced waste forms research and development. First quarterly report

Activities during the last two months are described. A significant portion of time was spent reviewing the literature on the Cs/sub 2/O-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ system, on the use of clays and zeolites for Cs-fixation of aqueous wastes, and on silicate-phosphate apatite structure crystal chemistry. The results from the latest group of compatibility studies (CS-runs) were used to modify the first demonstration supercalcine formulation so that it is more in line with the actual crystalline phase formation. Supercalcine formuation 75-2 is described.
Date: August 5, 1975
Creator: McCarthy, G. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Phoebus 2 pressure vessel-nozzle structural proof test procedure (open access)

Phoebus 2 pressure vessel-nozzle structural proof test procedure

None
Date: September 5, 1966
Creator: Hildner, R. A. & Arnold, C. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ignition inhibitors for cellulosic materials. [Fire retardants; effects of irradiation] (open access)

Ignition inhibitors for cellulosic materials. [Fire retardants; effects of irradiation]

By exposing samples to various irradiance levels from a calibrated thermal radiation source, the ignition responses of blackened alpha-cellulose and cotton cloth with and without fire-retardant additives were compared. Samples treated with retardant compounds which showed the most promise were then isothermally pyrolyzed in air for comparisons between the pyrolysis rates. Alpha-cellulose samples containing a mixture of boric acid, borax, and ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate could not be ignited by irradiances up to 4.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s-1 (16.7 W/cm/sup 2/). At higher irradiances the specimens ignited, but flaming lasted only until the flammable gases were depleted. Cotton cloth containing a polymeric retardant with the designation THPC + MM was found to be ignition-resistant to all irradiances below 7.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ (29.3 W/cm/sup 2/). Comparison of the pyrolysis rates of the retardant-treated alpha-cellulose and the retardant-treated cotton showed that the retardant mechanism is qualitatively the same. Similar ignition-response measurements were also made with specimens exposed to ionizing radiation. It was observed that gamma radiation results in ignition retardance of cellulose, while irradiation by neutrons does not.
Date: April 5, 1976
Creator: Alvares, N. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPMT: a portable transfer standard for telemetry system pressure-transducer calibration (open access)

EPMT: a portable transfer standard for telemetry system pressure-transducer calibration

The LLL developed electronic pressure meter (EPMT) is a portable static-pressure calibration instrument for use with the LLL telemetry transducer system at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). It is significantly more accurate and rugged than the bourdon-tube pressure gauge it replaces, and can be incorporated into a field-use, semi-automatic, pressure calibration system. The process by which a transducer is selected for EPMT use from the inventory of field-service-certified transducers and subjected to an extensive preconditioning and calibration procedure is described. By combining this unusual calibration procedure with a unique, statistically based data-reduction routine, the total uncertainty of the measuring process at each calibration point can be determined with high accuracy.
Date: April 5, 1977
Creator: Hasbrouck, Richard T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Objective function for the environmental assessment of waste (open access)

Objective function for the environmental assessment of waste

Various waste management systems were examined in order to determine what the environmental impacts might be and to rank the relative importance of those impacts. This examination determined that radiation dose to man was the most significant, and probably overriding, impact. This report describes methods of providing an objective function for dose to man. The search for an objective function began with a reading of Federal Regulations and the output of various standard setting councils and committees. Ample guidance was found on maximum allowable doses to individuals but no guidance on dose to large populations or criteria by which systems could be compared or optimized. Several other ways were postulated by which waste management systems could be evaluated besides maximum allowable dose to individuals. 0.1 man-rem per MW(e)-year was selected as the measure of system performance. This unit compares a rational estimate of population dose commitment with the concurrent benefit.
Date: October 5, 1976
Creator: Toy, A. J.; Boegel, J. & Cohen, J. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sampling a two-phase geothermal brine flow for chemical analysis (open access)

Sampling a two-phase geothermal brine flow for chemical analysis

An experiment designed primarily to define the problems associated with sampling the two-phase flow in a pipeline of geothermal brine is described. Analyses reported for 26 samples include chemical composition, oxidation potential, pH, density, and total solids. Changes in brine composition as the well operated during a four-week period are evaluated. The apparatus and techniques used for sampling are described and evaluated. (auth)
Date: December 5, 1975
Creator: Hill, J. H. & Morris, C. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Estimating ISABELLE shielding requirements (open access)

Estimating ISABELLE shielding requirements

Estimates were made of the shielding thicknesses required at various points around the ISABELLE ring. Both hadron and muon requirements are considered. Radiation levels at the outside of the shield and at the BNL site boundary are kept at or below 1000 mrem per year and 5 mrem/year respectively. Muon requirements are based on the Wang formula for pion spectra, and the hadron requirements on the hadron cascade program CYLKAZ of Ranft. A muon shield thickness of 77 meters of sand is indicated outside the ring in one area, and hadron shields equivalent to from 2.7 to 5.6 meters in thickness of sand above the ring. The suggested safety allowance would increase these values to 86 meters and 4.0 to 7.2 meters respectively. There are many uncertainties in such estimates, but these last figures are considered to be rather conservative.
Date: April 5, 1976
Creator: Stevens, A. J. & Thorndike, A. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Working model for Ge(Li) detector counting efficiencies (open access)

Working model for Ge(Li) detector counting efficiencies

A practical model has been developed that is capable of describing the overall Ge(Li) detection efficiency as a function of several known or measurable parameters such as gamma-ray energy, source-to-detector distance, detector dimensions, source extension (area and volume), source composition, and external absorbers. The algorithms of this model permit the evaluation of a large variety of sample shapes, sizes, material compositions, and source strengths with a single initial detector calibration. Sources of small volume generally can be measured to within 1 to 2 percent regardless of energy or source-to-detector distance. Even large volume sources placed at close-in geometries give results within 10 percent of the correct values.
Date: May 5, 1976
Creator: Gunnink, R. & Niday, J. B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Terminal storage of radioactive waste in geologic formations (open access)

Terminal storage of radioactive waste in geologic formations

The principal aim of the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) program is to develop pilot plants and, ultimately, repositories in several different rock formations in various parts of the country. Rocks such as salt, shale, limestone, granite, schists, and serpentinite may all qualify as host media for the disposition of radioactive wastes in the proper environments. In general, the only requirement for any rock formation or storage site is that it contain any emplaced wastes for so long as it takes for the radioactive materials to decay to innocuous levels. This requirement, though, is a formidable one as some of the wastes will remain active for periods of hundreds of thousands of years and the physical and chemical properties of rocks that govern circulating groundwater and hence containment, are difficult to determine and define. Nevertheless, there are many rock types and a host of areas throughout the country where conditions are promising for the development of waste repositories. Some of these are discussed below.
Date: July 5, 1976
Creator: Lomenick, T. F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Waste Terminal Storage Program (open access)

National Waste Terminal Storage Program

Objective of this program is to provide facilities (Federal repositories) in various deep geologic formations at several locations in USA for the safe disposal of commercial radioactive waste from power reactors. The four types of containerized waste are described. The steps for developing the repositories are outlined. (DLC)
Date: October 5, 1976
Creator: Zerby, C. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
INEL Oversight Program R and D 2-3 technical forum No. 1, June 27--28, 1991 (open access)

INEL Oversight Program R and D 2-3 technical forum No. 1, June 27--28, 1991

Memos, agendas, regional hydrology, and field trip reports are included for the INEL oversight program; they relate to the hydrogeology of INEL and ICPP, and to the cleanup effort at these sites.
Date: June 5, 1991
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic spectra of events at regional distances. [About 40 underground nuclear explosions at NTS] (open access)

Seismic spectra of events at regional distances. [About 40 underground nuclear explosions at NTS]

About 40 underground nuclear explosions detonated at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) were chosen for analysis of their spectra and any relationships they might have to source parameters such as yield, depth of burial, etc. The sample covered a large yield range (less than 20 kt to greater than 1 Mt). Broadband (0.05 to 20 Hz) data recorded by the four-station seismic network operated by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory were analyzed in a search for unusual explosion signatures in their spectra. Long time windows (total wave train) as well as shorter windows (for instance, P/sub n/) were used as input to calculate the spectra. Much variation in the spectra of the long windows is typical although some gross features are similar, such as a dominant peak in the microseismic window. The variation is such that selection of corner frequencies is impractical and yield scaling could not be determined. Spectra for one NTS earthquake showed more energy in the short periods (less than 1 sec) as well as in the long periods (greater than 8 sec) compared to those for NTS explosions.
Date: April 5, 1976
Creator: Springer, D. L. & Denny, M. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interpretation of rapidly rotating pulsars (open access)

Interpretation of rapidly rotating pulsars

The minimum possible rotational period of pulsars, which are interpreted as rotating neutron stars, is determined by applying a representative collection of realistic nuclear equations of state. It is found that none of the selected equations of state allows for neutron star rotation at periods below 0.8--0.9 ms. Thus, this work strongly supports the suggestion that if pulsars with shorter rotational periods were found, these are likely to be strange-quark-matter stars. The conclusion that the confined hadronic phase of nucleons and nuclei is only metastable would then be almost inescapable, and the plausible ground-state in that event is the deconfined phase of (3-flavor) strange-quark-matter.
Date: August 5, 1992
Creator: Weber, F. (Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik) & Glendenning, N. K. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thinning and rupture of a thin liquid film on a heated surface (open access)

Thinning and rupture of a thin liquid film on a heated surface

Results on the dynamics and stability of thin films are summarized on the following topics: forced dryout, film instabilities on a horizontal plane and on inclined planes, instrumentation, coating flows, and droplet spreading. (DLC)
Date: August 5, 1992
Creator: Bankoff, S. G. & Davis, S. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermal-mechanical design of a 150-mA, direct-current, 400-keV accelerator for production of 14-MeV neutrons (open access)

Thermal-mechanical design of a 150-mA, direct-current, 400-keV accelerator for production of 14-MeV neutrons

Several unique accelerator components were designed and built for the Rotating Target Neutron Source Facility at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Particular consideration was given to material selection and cooling design of components because the facility will have a large steady-state beam energy. Components discussed include the system composed of the ion source and 90-deg double-focusing magnet in the high-voltage terminal, a water-cooled 400-keV acceleration column, a pyrolytic-graphite beam collimator, and quick-disconnect beam-tube couplings.
Date: September 5, 1977
Creator: Hanson, C. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparing structural loads in large pools evaluated with the LUSH code and current design methods (open access)

Comparing structural loads in large pools evaluated with the LUSH code and current design methods

Large pools for storing spent fuel elements from nuclear reactors are being proposed to augment the present storage capacity of pools located at nuclear power plants and fuel reprocessing plants. These pools will be part of either independent spent fuel storage installations or large reprocessing plants. Because of the large size of the pools, seismic loads are of significant interest, and in particular the adequacy of current design methods for calculating seismic loads was of special concern. An evaluation of design methods representative of current practice was carried out, and the results are summarized. The evaluation was based on a comparison of total structural loads obtained by these methods with those obtained using the LUSH code. The LUSH code offered a combination of latest technologies in structural analysis involving soil-structure interaction.
Date: November 5, 1976
Creator: Dong, R. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Photoelastic evaluation of Phoebus 2 main closure design (open access)

Photoelastic evaluation of Phoebus 2 main closure design

A two dimensional photoelastic study of two designs of clamps for the Phoebus 2 main closure is detailed. Predicted prototype stress data is given in the form of a stress parameter which includes the axial load and a representative clamp radius.
Date: February 5, 1965
Creator: Fischer, M. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenations of complex carbonaceous substrates. [16 references] (open access)

Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenations of complex carbonaceous substrates. [16 references]

Results of homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of complex unsaturated substrates including coal and coal-derived materials are reported, with organic soluble molecular complexes as catalysts. Among the substrates used were Hvab coal, solvent-refined coal, and COED pyrolysate. The hydrogenations were carried out in an autoclave. The results are summarized in tables.
Date: November 5, 1976
Creator: Cox, J. L.; Wilcox, W. A. & Roberts, G. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technical evaluation of the adequacy of station electric distribution system voltages for the R. E. Ginna Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1: selected issues program (Docket No. 50-244) (open access)

Technical evaluation of the adequacy of station electric distribution system voltages for the R. E. Ginna Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1: selected issues program (Docket No. 50-244)

This report documents the technical evaluation of the adequacy of the station electric distribution system voltages for the R.E. Ginna Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1. The evaluation is to determine if the onsite distribution system, in conjunction with the offsite power sources, has sufficient capacity to automatically start and operate all Class 1E loads within the equipment voltage ratings under certain conditions established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The analysis submitted demonstrates that acceptable voltages will be supplied to the Class 1E equipment under worst case conditions.
Date: November 5, 1981
Creator: Selan, J. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of the thermal yield from the subsurface explosions. [1 kt source buried at 0. 5, 1. 5 and 3. 0 meters] (open access)

Investigation of the thermal yield from the subsurface explosions. [1 kt source buried at 0. 5, 1. 5 and 3. 0 meters]

The objective of this investigation is to determine the upper limits on the thermal yield of a 1 kt source detonated at shallow depths. Three problems were computed for the depths of burial of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 m. The source is an iron bubble with 30 cm radius and 25 kg of mass. The computation was done on the CEL code. The results show that the relative thermal yield is no more than 6 percent, and that it vanishes at DOB of about 4 m. The computed blast strength is plotted against the range. The results are consistent with the measurements on ''Johnnie Boy'' and ''Jangle-U'', and in good agreement with the RAD9 calculations and the HULL calculations.
Date: August 5, 1976
Creator: Kamegai, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aqueous LiOH: physical thermodynamic, and transport properties (open access)

Aqueous LiOH: physical thermodynamic, and transport properties

Experimental data in the literature on the physical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of aqueous LiOH are summarized. The behavior of some properties is predicted beyond the range of the data. 12 fig, 14 tables, 20 references.
Date: June 5, 1976
Creator: Homsy, R. V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Four-D propagation code for high-energy laser beams: a user's manual (open access)

Four-D propagation code for high-energy laser beams: a user's manual

This manual describes the use and structure of the June 30, 1976 version of the Four-D propagation code for high energy laser beams. It provides selected sample output from a typical run and from several debug runs. The Four-D code now includes the important noncoplanar scenario feature. Many problems that required excessive computer time can now be meaningfully simulated as steady-state noncoplanar problems with short run times.
Date: August 5, 1976
Creator: Morris, J. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Plane stress calculations with a two dimensional elastic-plastic computer program. [HEMP] (open access)

Plane stress calculations with a two dimensional elastic-plastic computer program. [HEMP]

In the study of ductile fracture it is useful to simulate fracture on the computer under plane stress conditions. In general, this is a three dimensional problem. Presented here is a method for adapting a two dimensional elastic-plastic computer program to calculate problems in plane stress as well as plane strain geometry. A simulation of a tension test of a flat aluminum plate pulled to failure is calculated with the modified two dimensional program. The results are compared with a fully three dimensional calculation. Finally a comparison is made with an experiment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the computational methods for studying fracture of work hardening materials.
Date: April 5, 1976
Creator: Wilkins, M. L. & Guinan, M. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of the Borrmann Effect to Produce Nearly Monoenergetic X Rays (open access)

Use of the Borrmann Effect to Produce Nearly Monoenergetic X Rays

The use of the Borrmann effect to produce nearly monoenergetic x rays is described. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented for the energy range from 15 to 55 keV. Peak shape, full-widths at half-maximum, and intensities are discussed. In addition, a brief description of a computer code for calculating the theoretical results is given.
Date: October 5, 1976
Creator: Prevo, C. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library