The details of a shingle module design which produces in excess of 97 watts/m/sup 2/ of module area at 1 kW/m/sup 2/ insolation and at 60/sup 0/C are reported. This selected design employs a tempered glass coverplate to provide the primary solar cell structural support. The use of the B.F. Goodrich FLEXSEAL roofing system as the outer skin of the shingle substrate provides a high confidence of achieving the 15 year service life goal. The fabrication and testing of a preproduction module of this design has demonstrated that this selected approach will meet the environmental testing requirements imposed by the contract. Attempts to fabricate a preproduction module of an alternative design, which embeds the solar cell assembly within a methyl methacrylate casting, proved unsuccessful.

The fabrication and testing phase of the program to develop a shingle-type solar cell module is well underway. Six modules are currently being subjected to a qualification testing program which consists of both thermal cycling and humidity exposures followed by a mechanical integrity test to simulate wind loads. Fabrication of the remainder of the 50 deliverable modules is proceeding.

Eight mullite bodies of varied compositions and microstructures have been prepared and are being characterized. These compositions will be submersed in molten silicon to study the impurity and surface effects. These various mullite materials will be analyzed for use as substrates for Honeywell Contract No. 954356, silicon on ceramic program and for use as a container of molten silicon. Low cost processing methods are being developed and evaluated for manufacturing large mullite sheets and mullite containers. At present, a state-of-the-art roll compaction process has shown promising initial results for substrates. However, these 0.5mm x 10cm x 1m are extremely fragile. Slip casting or iso pressing are anticipated for containers.

An assessment is provided on the viability of dual topological unitarization as a practical scheme for organizing and interpreting hadronic phenomena at current machine energies. Previous detailed reviews are complemented, with emphasis on phenomenological aspects and more recent developments. Diffraction scattering, a test of P--f identity hypothesis, the flavor model, the P--f identity versus the Veneziano two-jet picture, and an illustration of the new phenomenology are included. 24 references. (JFP)

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is conducting a safeguards program for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The goal of the Material Control Project of this program is to evaluate material control and accounting (MCA) methods in plants that handle special nuclear material (SNM). To this end we designed and implemented the dynamic chemical plant simulation program DYNSYL. This program can be used to generate process data or to provide estimates of process performance; it simulates both steady-state and dynamic behavior. The MCA methods that may have to be evaluated range from sophisticated on-line material trackers such as Kalman filter estimators, to relatively simple material balance procedures. This report describes the overall structure of DYNSYL and includes some example problems. The code is still in the experimental stage and revision is continuing.

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EDOT is a code that calculates the slowing down of a test particle in a Maxwellian plasma utilizing continuous slowing down theory. Both nuclear scattering and reactions are included. The output includes slowing down parameters as well as spectra of knock-on ions and in-flight reaction probabilities. The theory, input, and output for the code are described.

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On the basis of time-integrated emittance measurements, several different types of field emitter diodes were characterized at 1 to 3 kA, 1 MeV. These measurements were part of the design effort for the injector system of a linear induction accelerator, to be used as a flash x-ray source at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The experimental parameters were the cathode type, the anode mesh texture, the diode spacing and voltage, and the level of collimation of the emerging beam. Experimental results are presented that show that over a wide range, the emittance was proportional to the level of collimation. For any one diode, with the spacing left fixed, the emittance was found to be essentially independent of the diode voltage and current. Differential focusing of different energy beam components affects most strongly the peripheral components of the beam, and strong collimation was found to minimize the effects of momentum spread on the emittance. The lowest emittances (30 to 40 mr-cm at 400 A) were obtained with a foil-type cathode in a ball-over-plane configuration, using an etched tungsten mesh anode, and collimating the beam to one quarter of the total current.

The instruments tested included a 9-inch sphere Portable Neutron Rem Counter Model PNR-4 manufactured by Eberline Instrument Corporation, Santa Fe, N.M.; an Andersson-Braum type Remmeter; and Hankins-type albedo neutron dosimeters composed of cadmium-enclosed TLDs. The standard neutron source at the NBS reactor was used. The observed and calculated response curves are presented and discussed. (WHK)

Sections of the 40-kV, 40-A, TMX source are shown. This module is comprised of the arc chamber and accelerator sections. The source accelerator section uses a single rectangular insulator to perform three functions: providing voltage standoff, forming the supporting structure, and acting as the vacuum wall. Both machinable glass ceramic (Corning Macor/sup TM/) and F.R.P. (Nema G-10) have been used for this insulater. In either case, the insulator is joined to the titanium base plate and extractor electrode by thermal-setting-epoxy adhesive. The parts are self jigging; the bonding is done at 120 to 130 /sup 0/C under a load of .34 MPa (50 psi).

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During 1975 Pantex Plant conducted a monitoring program to determine the concentration of specific radioactive and non-radioactive species in the local environment. Although the plant activities involve the handling of significant quantities of uranium, plutonium and tritium, only small releases of uranium (depleted in the isotope /sup 235/U) and tritium occurred which could have affected the local environment. Monitoring data indicate that concentrations of these nuclides in the environment are below established criteria for air and water and therefore should not present a health hazard either to employees or to the public.

The LLL developed electronic pressure meter (EPMT) is a portable static-pressure calibration instrument for use with the LLL telemetry transducer system at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). It is significantly more accurate and rugged than the bourdon-tube pressure gauge it replaces, and can be incorporated into a field-use, semi-automatic, pressure calibration system. The process by which a transducer is selected for EPMT use from the inventory of field-service-certified transducers and subjected to an extensive preconditioning and calibration procedure is described. By combining this unusual calibration procedure with a unique, statistically based data-reduction routine, the total uncertainty of the measuring process at each calibration point can be determined with high accuracy.

Estimates were made of the shielding thicknesses required at various points around the ISABELLE ring. Both hadron and muon requirements are considered. Radiation levels at the outside of the shield and at the BNL site boundary are kept at or below 1000 mrem per year and 5 mrem/year respectively. Muon requirements are based on the Wang formula for pion spectra, and the hadron requirements on the hadron cascade program CYLKAZ of Ranft. A muon shield thickness of 77 meters of sand is indicated outside the ring in one area, and hadron shields equivalent to from 2.7 to 5.6 meters in thickness of sand above the ring. The suggested safety allowance would increase these values to 86 meters and 4.0 to 7.2 meters respectively. There are many uncertainties in such estimates, but these last figures are considered to be rather conservative.

At the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, about 10% of the sampling effort in the environmental monitoring program represents replicate sample collection. Replication of field samples was initiated as part of the quality assurance program for environmental monitoring to determine the reproducibility of environmental measurements. In the laboratory these replicates are processed along with routine samples. As all components of variance are included in analysis of such field samples, comparison of the analytical data from replicate analyses provides a basis for estimating the overall reproducibility of the measurements. The replication study indicates that the reproducibility of environmental radioactivity monitoring data is subject to considerably more variability than is indicated by the accompanying counting errors. The data are also compared with analyses of duplicate aliquots from a well mixed sample or with duplicate aliquots of samples with known radionuclide content. These comparisons show that most of the variability is associated with the collection and preparation of the sample rather than with the analytical procedures.

Several methods for cleaning uranium samples prior to carbon analysis, using a Leco Carbon Analyzer, were evaluated. Use of Oakite Aluminum NST Cleaner followed by water and acetone rinse was found to be the best overall technique.

Beryllium-copper alloys should be considered toxic materials and proper controls must be used when they are machined, heated, or otherwise fabricated. Air samples should be taken for each type of fabrication to determine the worker's exposure and the effectiveness of the controls in use. It has been shown that aerosols containing beryllium are generated during the four methods of fabrication tested, and that these aerosols can be reduced through local exhaust to undetectable levels. Considering the acute, chronic and possibly carcinogenic effects of exposure to beryllium, effective controls should be required because they are feasible both technologically and economically. The health hazards and control measures are reviewed.

Experimental values for the kerma per unit fluence at the neutron energy, E/sub n/ = 15 MeV, have been determined for graphite, Mg, and Fe. Ion chambers of small size with walls of these materials were employed, and were filled with a variety of gases--N/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. A calibrated neutron source was employed, allowing a straightforward determination of the kerma per unit fluence.

A series of laser fusion microimplosion experiments have been performed with the LLL two beam laser system JANUS. The JANUS laser is capable of focusing up to 400 gigawatts of 1.06 ..mu..m laser power (32J in 80 psec) on microscopic laser fusion targets, producing intensities in excess of 10/sup 17/ w/cm/sup 2/. In these experiments the targets were Deuterium--Tritium (DT) gas filled, thin walled (.5 to 1.0 ..mu..m) SiO/sub 2/ microshells with diameters of 40 to 100 ..mu..m. Targets with these dimensions, properties and laser powers operate in what has become known as the exploding pusher mode. A summary of the salient points of each design limit is illustrated.

Essential tools are provided for a program of rewriting field theories in terms of particle-string variables. The general methods are illustrated in the case of quantum chromodynamics: (1) One finds the particle-trajectoy representation for the quark Green's functional. (2) One derives directly correct end-point terms for quarks at the ends of strings. (1) and (2) are for any number of dimensions. (3) In two dimensions, one finds a functional bridge from quantum chromodynamics to the Bardeen-Bars-Hanson-Peccei string.

A filter fluorescer experiment has been installed and operated on the Argus laser system of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. X-ray spectra have been measured between 20 and 116 keV from laser produced plasmas. Three spectral cuts were made in this region (20 to 29, 47 to 61 and 80 to 116 keV) with an additional channel providing a measure of the high energy response (> 116 keV) of the third channel. We have measured x-ray spectra from laser shots of 600 to 900 J in 1 ns with intensities of 3 x 10/sup 14/ to 3 x 10/sup 15/ W/cm/sup 2/ incident on Au disks.

A relatively simple model, using Baker parameters, is described and applied to flow-regime data generated by high speed photography of two-phase steam flow. The experiments were conducted at the Geothermal Test Facility (GTF) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Although results depend somewhat on the personal judgment and interpretation of the observer, the model was found to give a reasonable prediction of the flow regime for the flow ranges available in 1- and 2-in.-diam pipes.

High-frequency electromagnetic probing is used to monitor the rate and direction of flow of fluids injected into the ground. This method shows the potential for providing more detailed information than procedures presently used. The experimental technique and the test-of-concept experimental results are discussed. This technique has applications in oil-reservoir engineering and in hydrology studies concerning storage of chemical and nuclear wastes. 11 figures.