A chemiluminescent homogeneous immunoassay and a hand-size multiassay reader are described that could be used for detecting biological materials. The special feature of the assay is that it employs two different antibodies that each bind to a unique epitope on the same antigen. Each group of epitope-specific antibodies has linked to it an enzyme of a proximal-enzyme pair. One enzyme of the pair utilizes a substrate in high concentration to produce a second substrate required by the second enzyme. This new substrate enables the second enzyme to function. The reaction of the second enzyme is configured to produce light. This chemiluminescence is detected with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The proximal pair enzymes must be in close proximity to one another to allow the second enzyme to react with the product of the first enzyme. This only occurs when the enzyme-linked antibodies are attached to the antigen, whether antigen is a single protein with multiple epitopes or the surface of a cell with a variety of different antigens. As a result of their juxtaposition, the enzymes produce light only in the presence of the biological material. A brief description is given as to how this assay could be utilized in …

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This report describes the RCRA assessment plan for single-shell tank Waste Management Area S-SX

The following ceramics were prepared for this study: the baseline ceramic, the baseline ceramic plus process impurities, a zirconolite-rich composition, a brannerite-rich composition, a composition designed to have {approx} 10% perovskite in addition to the normal baseline phases, and an {approx} 10% phosphate-doped batch. These samples were prepared by oxide (via wet or dry milling) and alkoxide-routes. The milling method has a direct effect on the samples. Incomplete milling leads to inhomogeneity in the microstructure. The main effect of incomplete milling is that unreacted actinide oxides remain in the microstructure, usually surrounded by brannerite. The phase composition also alters due to the actinide being tied up in the unreacted oxide, e.g., the pyrochlore has less actinide and additional phases, such as zirconolite may form. The approach to equilibrium is determined by a number of factors--the efficiency of the milling, the sintering time, the sintering temperature and the batch composition. The latter is very important, e.g., the zirconolite-rich batch has a slower approach to equilibrium than the baseline ceramic requiring higher sintering temperatures or longer sintering times. The addition of process impurities dramatically alters the approach to equilibrium. The additives produce a silicate liquid phase (at the sintering temperatures), which aids …

Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) Bill of Materials (BOM) for FEMIS Version 1.4.6

The purpose of deceleration studies is to construct the deceleration ramp files that are used to decelerate antiproton beam for experiment E835. A deceleration ramp file is a set of ramp tables that are downloaded to PAUX (a part of the Pbar front end) prior to a deceleration. There is a ramp table for each device that is changed during a deceleration. These tables determine how PAUX changes each device setting during a deceleration. Appendix 1 gives a table of all ramped devices. Presently a deceleration to the lowest energy allowed by our ramps requires the use of three ramp files: the first decelerates the beam from 8801 MeV/c to 6367 MeV/c, the second from 6367 MeV/c to 4858 MeV/c, and the third from 4858 MeV/c to 3900 MeV/c. At the time of this writing the third ramp file has yet to be completed. An important new feature of the present deceleration ramp files is that the value of {gamma}{sub t} is decreased as the beam is decelerated so that the Accumulator is always above transition.

The purpose of this calculation is to determine the surface dose rates of a codisposal waste package (WP) containing an intact seed assembly of the Shippingport light-water breeder reactor (LWBR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and the Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste (HLW) in glass form. The Shippingport LWBR SNF is loaded in a Department of Energy (DOE) standardized 18-in. canister. The canister is surrounded by five 4.5-m-long Hanford pour canisters containing the HLW glass. Gamma dose rate calculation for the WP containing only the HLW glass is also performed. The results will provide information about the contribution of DOE SNF to the total dose rate on the WP surfaces.

The purpose of this calculation is to document that the software routine ModStandardNomal Version 1.0 which is a Visual Fortran 5.0 module, provides correct results for a normal distribution up to five significant figures (three significant figures at the function tails) for a specified range of input parameters. The software routine may be used for quality affecting work. Two types of output are generated in ModStandardNomal: a deviate, x, given a cumulative probability, p, between 0 and 1; and a cumulative probability, p, given a deviate, x, between -8 and 8. This calculation supports Performance Assessment, under Technical Product Development Plan, TDP-EBS-MD-000006 (Attachment I, DIRS 3) and is written in accordance with the AP-3.12Q Calculations procedure (Attachment I, DIRS 4).

This report describes the construction and test of a split solenoid that has a warm bore of 440 mm and a cryostat length of 1088 mm. (A 750 mm section contains the magnetic field.) When the coils are hooked so the fields are additive, the central induction is 5.0 T at its design current. When the coils are hooked so that the fields are in opposition, the induction at the center of the solenoid is zero and the peak induction on the solenoid axis is {+-}3.7 T. The on-axis induction gradient is 25 T per meter when the coils are hooked in opposition. When the coils are operated at their design currents in opposition, the force pushing the two coils apart is about 3 MN. The force pushing the coils apart is carried by the aluminum coil mandrel and a solid aluminum sheath outside of the superconducting winding. The coil was wound as a wet lay-up coil using alumina filled epoxy (Stycast). A layer of hard aluminum wire wound on the outside of the superconducting coil carries some of the hoop forces and limits the strain so that training does not occur. At design current, at both polarities, the peak …

It is well known that the work function of metals decreases when they are placed in a nonpolar liquid. A similar decrease occurs when the metal is placed into contact with a semiconductor forming a Schottky barrier. We report on a new method for detecting photons using the stress caused by photo-electrons emitted from a metal film surface in contact with a semiconductor microstructure. The photoelectrons diffuse into the microstructure and produce an electronic stress. The photon detection results from the measurement of the photo-induced bending of the microstructure. Internal photoemission has been used in the past to detect photons, however, in those cases the detection was accomplished by measuring the current due to photoelectrons and not due to electronic stress. Small changes in position (displacement) of microstructures are routinely measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) where atomic imaging of surfaces relies on the measurement of small changes (< l0{sup -9} m) in the bending of microcantilevers. In the present work we studied the photon response of Si microcantilevers coated with a thin film of Pt. The Si microcantilevers were 500 nm thick and had a 30 nm layer of Pt. Photons with sufficient energies produce electrons from the platinum-silicon …

The purpose of this panel is to present different perspectives and opinions regarding the issues surrounding why software should or shouldn't be entrusted with critical (high consequence) functionality.

High gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) are being used to produce high power electromagnetic pulses foc (1) compact, repetitive accelerators, (2) ultra-wide band impulse sources, (3) precision gas switch triggers, (4) optically-activated firesets, and (5) high power optical pulse generation and control. High power, sub-nanosecond optical pulses are used for active optical sensors such as compact optical radars and range-gated hallistic imaging systems. Following a brief introduction to high gain PCSS and its general applications, this paper will focus on PCSS for optical pulse generation and control. PCSS technology can be employed in three distinct approaches to optical pulse generation and control: (1) short pulse carrier injection to induce gain-switching in semiconductor lasers, (2) electro-optical Q-switching, and (3) optically activated Q-switching. The most significant PCSS issues for these applications are switch rise time, jitter, and longevity. This paper will describe both the requirements of these applications and the most recent results from PCSS technology. Experiments to understand and expand the limitations of high gain PCSS will also be described.

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is the first nuclear waste repository certified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Success in regulatory compliance resulted from an excellent natural setting for such a repository, a facility with multiple, redundant safety systems, and from a rigorous, transparent scientific and technical evaluation. The WIPP story, which has evolved over the past 25 years, has generated a library of publications and analyses. Details of the multifaceted program are contained in the cited references. Selected geotechnical highlights prove the eminent suitability of the WIPP to serve its congressionally mandated purpose.

This Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the US Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV); the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP); and the US Department of Defense (FFACO, 1996). The CAIP is a document that provides or references all of the specific information for investigation activities associated with Corrective Action Units (CAUs) or Corrective Action Sites (CASs). According to the FFACO, CASs are sites potentially requiring corrective action(s) and may include solid waste management units or individual disposal or release sites (FFACO, 1996). Corrective Action Units consist of one or more CASs grouped together based on geography, technical similarity, or agency responsibility for the purpose of determining corrective actions. This CAIP contains the environmental sample collection objectives and the criteria for conducting site investigation activities at CAU 135, Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs), which is located on the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The NTS is approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles [mi]) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada.

Measurements of dielectric breakdown during high-field electrical stress are typically performed at or near room temperature via constant voltage or current stress methods. In this summary they explore whether useful information might also be obtained by performing current measurements during a temperature ramp at high electric field.

We report on a search for supersymmetry using the DO detector. The 1994-96 data sample of {radical}s = 1:8 TeV {bar p}p collisions was analyzed for events containing two leptons (e or {mu}), two or more jets, and missing transverse energy. Assuming minimal supergravity, with free parameters m{sub 0}, m{sub 1/2} and tan {beta}, various thresholds were employed to optimize the search. No excess of events was observed. We present exclusion contours in the (m{sub 0}, m{sub 1/2}) plane for tan {beta} = 2-6.

This is the fourth annual report describing the activities performed under Task 1 of Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31160. The analyses of hot gas stream cleanup (HGCU) ashes and descriptions of filter performance studied under this contract are designed to address problems with filter operation that are apparently linked to characteristics of the collected ash. This work is designed to generate a data base of the key characteristics of ashes collected from operating advanced particle filters and to relate these ash properties to the operation and performance of these filters and their components. This report summarizes characterizations of ash and char samples from pressurized fluidized-bed combustion and gasification facilities. Efforts are under way to develop a method for preserving fragile filter cakes formed on ceramic filter elements. The HGCU data base was formatted for Microsoft Access 97 ® . Plans for the remainder of the project include characterization of additional samples collected during site visits to the Department of Energy / Southern Company Services Power Systems Development Facility and completion and delivery of the HGCU data base.

This is the fourth annual report describing the activities performed under Task 1 of Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31160. The analyses of hot gas stream cleanup (HGCU) ashes and descriptions of filter performance studied under this contract are designed to address problems with filter operation that are apparently linked to characteristics of the collected ash. This work is designed to generate a data base of the key characteristics of ashes collected from operating advanced particle filters and to relate these ash properties to the operation and performance of these filters and their components. This report summarizes characterizations of ash and char samples from pressurized fluidized-bed combustion and gasification facilities. Efforts are under way to develop a method for preserving fragile filter cakes formed on ceramic filter elements. The HGCU data base was formatted for Microsoft Access 97{reg_sign}. Plans for the remainder of the project include characterization of additional samples collected during site visits to the Department of Energy/Southern Company Services Power Systems Development Facility and completion and delivery of the HGCU data base.

The purpose of this document is to provide a physical, chemical, hazardous and radiological characterization of Low-Level Waste (LLW) generated in HB-Line as required by the 1S Manual, Savannah River Site Waste Acceptance Criteria Manual.

Recently there has been an increasing demand to perform real-time in-situ chemical detection of hazardous materials, contraband chemicals, and explosive chemicals. Currently, real-time chemical detection requires rather large analytical instrumentation that are expensive and complicated to use. The advent of inexpensive mass produced MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) devices opened-up new possibilities for chemical detection. For example, microcantilevers were found to respond to chemical stimuli by undergoing changes in their bending and resonance frequency even when a small number of molecules adsorb on their surface. In our present studies, we extended this concept by studying changes in both the adsorption-induced stress and photo-induced stress as target chemicals adsorb on the surface of microcantilevers. For example, microcantilevers that have adsorbed molecules will undergo photo-induced bending that depends on the number of absorbed molecules on the surface. However, microcantilevers that have undergone photo-induced bending will adsorb molecules on their surfaces in a distinctly different way. Depending on the photon wavelength and microcantilever material, the microcantilever can be made to bend by expanding or contracting the irradiated surface. This is important in cases where the photo-induced stresses can be used to counter any adsorption-induced stresses and increase the dynamic range. Coating the surface of the …

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL or Berkeley Lab) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 1998 report is compiled from annual reports submitted by principal investigators following the close of the fiscal year. This report describes the supported projects and summarizes their accomplishments. It constitutes a part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program planning and documentation process that includes an annual planning cycle, projection selection, implementation, and review. The LBNL LDRD program is a critical tool for directing the Laboratory's forefront scientific research capabilities toward vital, excellent, and emerging scientific challenges. The program provides the resources for LBNL scientists to make rapid and significant contributions to critical national science and technology problems. The LDRD program also advances LBNL's core competencies, foundations, and scientific capability, and permits exploration of exciting new opportunities. All projects are work in forefront areas of science and technology. Areas eligible for support include the following: Advanced study of hypotheses, concepts, or innovative approaches to scientific or technical problems; Experiments and analyses directed toward ''proof of principle'' or early determination of the utility of new scientific ideas, technical concepts, or devices; and Conception and preliminary technical analyses of experimental facilities or …

Organically modified alkoxy silanes play an important role in tailoring different properties of silica produced by the sol-gel method. Changes in the size and functionality of the organic group allows control of both physical and chemical properties of the resulting gel, with the kinetics of the polymerization process playing an important role in the design of new siloxane materials. High resolution {sup 29}Si NMR has proven to be valuable tool for monitoring the polymerization reaction, and has been used to investigate a variety of organically modified alkoxy silane systems.

We gain-switch flared waveguide lasers to obtain 14.5 W peak powers and 0.5 nJ pulse energies with laser structures compatible with the generation of diffraction-limited beams. The results are in excellent agreement with a microscopic laser model.

Low temperature electrical performance characteristics of A and T, Moli, and Panasonic 18650 Li-ion cells are described. Ragone plots of energy and power data of the cells for different temperatures from 25 C to {minus}40 C are compared. Although the electrical performance of these cells at and around room temperature is respectable, at temperatures below 0 C the performance is poor. For example, the delivered power and energy densities of the Panasonic cells at 25 C are {approximately}800 W/l and {approximately}100 Wh/l respectively and those at {minus}40 C are <10 W/l and {approximately}5 Wh/l. In order to identify the source for this poor performance at subambient temperatures, both 2- and 3-electrode impedance studies were made on these cells. The 2-electrode impedance data suggests that the cell ohmic resistance remains nearly constant from 25 C to {minus}20 C but increases modestly at {minus}40 C while the overall cell impedance increases by an order of magnitude over the same temperature range. The 3-electrode impedance data of the A and T cells show that the increase in cell resistance comes mostly from the cathode electrolyte interface and very little either from the anode electrolyte interface or from the ohmic resistance of the cell. …