Transformation as a Design Process and Runtime Architecture for High Integrity Software (open access)

Transformation as a Design Process and Runtime Architecture for High Integrity Software

We have discussed two aspects of creating high integrity software that greatly benefit from the availability of transformation technology, which in this case is manifest by the requirement for a sophisticated backtracking parser. First, because of the potential for correctly manipulating programs via small changes, an automated non-procedural transformation system can be a valuable tool for constructing high assurance software. Second, modeling the processing of translating data into information as a, perhaps, context-dependent grammar leads to an efficient, compact implementation. From a practical perspective, the transformation process should begin in the domain language in which a problem is initially expressed. Thus in order for a transformation system to be practical it must be flexible with respect to domain-specific languages. We have argued that transformation applied to specification results in a highly reliable system. We also attempted to briefly demonstrate that transformation technology applied to the runtime environment will result in a safe and secure system. We thus believe that the sophisticated multi-lookahead backtracking parsing technology is central to the task of being in a position to demonstrate the existence of HIS.
Date: April 5, 1999
Creator: Bespalko, Stephen J. & Winter, Victor L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemiluminescence assay for the detection of biological warfare agents (open access)

Chemiluminescence assay for the detection of biological warfare agents

A chemiluminescent homogeneous immunoassay and a hand-size multiassay reader are described that could be used for detecting biological materials. The special feature of the assay is that it employs two different antibodies that each bind to a unique epitope on the same antigen. Each group of epitope-specific antibodies has linked to it an enzyme of a proximal-enzyme pair. One enzyme of the pair utilizes a substrate in high concentration to produce a second substrate required by the second enzyme. This new substrate enables the second enzyme to function. The reaction of the second enzyme is configured to produce light. This chemiluminescence is detected with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The proximal pair enzymes must be in close proximity to one another to allow the second enzyme to react with the product of the first enzyme. This only occurs when the enzyme-linked antibodies are attached to the antigen, whether antigen is a single protein with multiple epitopes or the surface of a cell with a variety of different antigens. As a result of their juxtaposition, the enzymes produce light only in the presence of the biological material. A brief description is given as to how this assay could be utilized in …
Date: November 5, 1999
Creator: Langry, K & Horn, J
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The design and construction of a gradient solenoid for the high powered RF cavity experiment for the muon collider (open access)

The design and construction of a gradient solenoid for the high powered RF cavity experiment for the muon collider

This report describes the construction and test of a split solenoid that has a warm bore of 440 mm and a cryostat length of 1088 mm. (A 750 mm section contains the magnetic field.) When the coils are hooked so the fields are additive, the central induction is 5.0 T at its design current. When the coils are hooked so that the fields are in opposition, the induction at the center of the solenoid is zero and the peak induction on the solenoid axis is {+-}3.7 T. The on-axis induction gradient is 25 T per meter when the coils are hooked in opposition. When the coils are operated at their design currents in opposition, the force pushing the two coils apart is about 3 MN. The force pushing the coils apart is carried by the aluminum coil mandrel and a solid aluminum sheath outside of the superconducting winding. The coil was wound as a wet lay-up coil using alumina filled epoxy (Stycast). A layer of hard aluminum wire wound on the outside of the superconducting coil carries some of the hoop forces and limits the strain so that training does not occur. At design current, at both polarities, the peak …
Date: September 5, 1999
Creator: Green, M. A.; Chen, J. Y. & Wang, S. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Testing of Software Routine to Determine Deviate and Cumulative Probability: ModStandardNormal Version 1.0 (open access)

Testing of Software Routine to Determine Deviate and Cumulative Probability: ModStandardNormal Version 1.0

The purpose of this calculation is to document that the software routine ModStandardNomal Version 1.0 which is a Visual Fortran 5.0 module, provides correct results for a normal distribution up to five significant figures (three significant figures at the function tails) for a specified range of input parameters. The software routine may be used for quality affecting work. Two types of output are generated in ModStandardNomal: a deviate, x, given a cumulative probability, p, between 0 and 1; and a cumulative probability, p, given a deviate, x, between -8 and 8. This calculation supports Performance Assessment, under Technical Product Development Plan, TDP-EBS-MD-000006 (Attachment I, DIRS 3) and is written in accordance with the AP-3.12Q Calculations procedure (Attachment I, DIRS 4).
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: Monib, A.H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dose Calculations for the Codsiposal WP of HLW Glass and the Shippingport LWBR SNF (open access)

Dose Calculations for the Codsiposal WP of HLW Glass and the Shippingport LWBR SNF

The purpose of this calculation is to determine the surface dose rates of a codisposal waste package (WP) containing an intact seed assembly of the Shippingport light-water breeder reactor (LWBR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and the Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste (HLW) in glass form. The Shippingport LWBR SNF is loaded in a Department of Energy (DOE) standardized 18-in. canister. The canister is surrounded by five 4.5-m-long Hanford pour canisters containing the HLW glass. Gamma dose rate calculation for the WP containing only the HLW glass is also performed. The results will provide information about the contribution of DOE SNF to the total dose rate on the WP surfaces.
Date: November 5, 1999
Creator: Radulescu, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Procedures for Deceleration Studies (open access)

Procedures for Deceleration Studies

The purpose of deceleration studies is to construct the deceleration ramp files that are used to decelerate antiproton beam for experiment E835. A deceleration ramp file is a set of ramp tables that are downloaded to PAUX (a part of the Pbar front end) prior to a deceleration. There is a ramp table for each device that is changed during a deceleration. These tables determine how PAUX changes each device setting during a deceleration. Appendix 1 gives a table of all ramped devices. Presently a deceleration to the lowest energy allowed by our ramps requires the use of three ramp files: the first decelerates the beam from 8801 MeV/c to 6367 MeV/c, the second from 6367 MeV/c to 4858 MeV/c, and the third from 4858 MeV/c to 3900 MeV/c. At the time of this writing the third ramp file has yet to be completed. An important new feature of the present deceleration ramp files is that the value of {gamma}{sub t} is decreased as the beam is decelerated so that the Accumulator is always above transition.
Date: November 5, 1999
Creator: Werkema, Steve
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of the Continuity Equation for Electromagnetic Energy Flow to Describe Radiation Transport (open access)

Use of the Continuity Equation for Electromagnetic Energy Flow to Describe Radiation Transport

The continuity equation for electromagnetic (EM) energy flow is used to describe radiation flow in the transport regime. The scheme of a discrete representation of H<sub>z</sub> and a stochastic representation of H<sub>x</sub>, H<sub>y</sub> gives an effectively continuous representation of directed energy in the x-y plane, such that the ray effect of transport theory is absent. Since the in-plane amplitudes are generated at each time step, it is necessary to store only the perpendicular amplitudes and the results appear to be robust with respect to the coarse of this discretization.
Date: February 5, 1999
Creator: Ritchie, A. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of Arabidopsis Genes Involved in Gene Silencing. Final Progress Report (open access)

Characterization of Arabidopsis Genes Involved in Gene Silencing. Final Progress Report

Enhancer of gene silencing 1 (egs1) is an Arabidopsis mutant that enhances post-transcriptional gene silencing of the rolB gene introduced by genetic engineering (transgene). The goal of our proposal was cloning EGS1 based on its map position. Although we screened more than 2000 chromosomes for recombination, we were unable to get closer than 2 cM to the gene. We experienced an unexpected tendency of the post-transcriptionally silenced transgene to switch to a more stable silenced state. This made it impossible to select egs1 homozygotes for map based cloning. This forced us to reconsider our cloning strategy. One possibility would have been to use a different transgene as the target of gene silencing. We tested two other transgenes. Both encoded proteins unrelated to the first but they were all expressed from the same type of promoter and they all had a similar tendency to become post-transcriptionally silenced. After screening over 80 F2 segregants from each cross between our egs1 mutant and Arabidopsis of the same ecotype homozygous for the new transgene, we were disappointed to find that the egs1 mutation did not enhance post-transcription silencing of the two new genes. In 80 plants we expected to have between 4 and 6 …
Date: February 5, 1999
Creator: Grant, S. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
LADS Phase I Confidence Assessments (open access)

LADS Phase I Confidence Assessments

None
Date: February 5, 1999
Creator: Benson, H.A.; Bhattacharyya, K.K.; Griffith, G.W.; Howard, R.L. & McKenzie, D.G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NGVs: Driving to the 21st Century. 17th National Natural Gas Vehicle Conference and Exhibition, October 3-5, 1999 [conference organizational literature and agenda] (open access)

NGVs: Driving to the 21st Century. 17th National Natural Gas Vehicle Conference and Exhibition, October 3-5, 1999 [conference organizational literature and agenda]

By attending the conference, participants learn about new and planned OEM vehicle and engine technologies; studies comparing Diesel and gasoline emissions to natural gas; new state and federal legislation; and innovative marketing programs they can use to help sell their products and services.
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interface Control Document between the Double Shell Tanks (DST) System and T Plant (open access)

Interface Control Document between the Double Shell Tanks (DST) System and T Plant

This Interface Control Document (ICD) describes the interface between the Double-Shell Tank (DST) System and T Plant. T Plant generates waste during decontamination activities. These facilities do not have a direct physical interface since the waste will be moved by tank trailer to the 204-AR waste unloading facility. The purpose of the ICD process is to formalize working agreements between the River Protection Project (WP) DST System and organization/companies internal and external to RPP. This ICD has been developed as part of the requirements basis for design of the DST System to support the Phase I Privatization effort.
Date: November 5, 1999
Creator: MAY, T.H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Strain and Texture in Al-Interconnect Wires Measured by X-Ray Microbeam Diffraction (open access)

Strain and Texture in Al-Interconnect Wires Measured by X-Ray Microbeam Diffraction

The local strain and texture in Al interconnect wires have been investigated using white and monochromatic x-ray microbeams on the MHATTCAT undulator beam line at the Advanced Photon Source. Intergrain and intragrain orientations were obtained with ~0.01 degree sensitivity using white beam measurements on wide Al pads (~100 Mu-m) and thin (2 Mu-m) Al wires. Orientation changes of up to 1 degree were found within individual grains of the (111) textured Al interconnects. Deviatoric strain measurements indicate small intragranular strain variations, but intergranular strain variations were found to be quite large.
Date: April 5, 1999
Creator: Budai, J. D.; Chung, J.-S.; Ice, G. E.; Larson, B. C.; Lowe, W. P.; Tamura, N. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Detection of Infrared Photons Using the Electronic Stress in Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces (open access)

Detection of Infrared Photons Using the Electronic Stress in Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces

It is well known that the work function of metals decreases when they are placed in a nonpolar liquid. A similar decrease occurs when the metal is placed into contact with a semiconductor forming a Schottky barrier. We report on a new method for detecting photons using the stress caused by photo-electrons emitted from a metal film surface in contact with a semiconductor microstructure. The photoelectrons diffuse into the microstructure and produce an electronic stress. The photon detection results from the measurement of the photo-induced bending of the microstructure. Internal photoemission has been used in the past to detect photons, however, in those cases the detection was accomplished by measuring the current due to photoelectrons and not due to electronic stress. Small changes in position (displacement) of microstructures are routinely measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) where atomic imaging of surfaces relies on the measurement of small changes (&lt; l0{sup -9} m) in the bending of microcantilevers. In the present work we studied the photon response of Si microcantilevers coated with a thin film of Pt. The Si microcantilevers were 500 nm thick and had a 30 nm layer of Pt. Photons with sufficient energies produce electrons from the platinum-silicon …
Date: April 5, 1999
Creator: Datskos, P. G.; Datskou, I.; Egert, C. M. & Rjic, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Software Systems: Consequence versus Functionality (open access)

Software Systems: Consequence versus Functionality

The purpose of this panel is to present different perspectives and opinions regarding the issues surrounding why software should or shouldn't be entrusted with critical (high consequence) functionality.
Date: August 5, 1999
Creator: Berg, Ray & Winter, Victor L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch Technology for Short Pulse Electromagnetics and Lasers (open access)

Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch Technology for Short Pulse Electromagnetics and Lasers

High gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) are being used to produce high power electromagnetic pulses foc (1) compact, repetitive accelerators, (2) ultra-wide band impulse sources, (3) precision gas switch triggers, (4) optically-activated firesets, and (5) high power optical pulse generation and control. High power, sub-nanosecond optical pulses are used for active optical sensors such as compact optical radars and range-gated hallistic imaging systems. Following a brief introduction to high gain PCSS and its general applications, this paper will focus on PCSS for optical pulse generation and control. PCSS technology can be employed in three distinct approaches to optical pulse generation and control: (1) short pulse carrier injection to induce gain-switching in semiconductor lasers, (2) electro-optical Q-switching, and (3) optically activated Q-switching. The most significant PCSS issues for these applications are switch rise time, jitter, and longevity. This paper will describe both the requirements of these applications and the most recent results from PCSS technology. Experiments to understand and expand the limitations of high gain PCSS will also be described.
Date: August 5, 1999
Creator: Denison, Gary J.; Helgeson, Wesley D.; Hjalmarson, Harold P.; Loubriel, Guillermo M.; Mar, Alan; O'Malley, Martin W. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geotechnical Perspectives on the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) (open access)

Geotechnical Perspectives on the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is the first nuclear waste repository certified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Success in regulatory compliance resulted from an excellent natural setting for such a repository, a facility with multiple, redundant safety systems, and from a rigorous, transparent scientific and technical evaluation. The WIPP story, which has evolved over the past 25 years, has generated a library of publications and analyses. Details of the multifaceted program are contained in the cited references. Selected geotechnical highlights prove the eminent suitability of the WIPP to serve its congressionally mandated purpose.
Date: August 5, 1999
Creator: Francke, Chris T.; Hansen, Frank D.; Knowles, M. Kathyn; Patchet, Stanley J. & Rempe, Norbert T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 135: Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks Nevada Test Site, Nevada (open access)

Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 135: Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks Nevada Test Site, Nevada

This Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the US Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV); the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP); and the US Department of Defense (FFACO, 1996). The CAIP is a document that provides or references all of the specific information for investigation activities associated with Corrective Action Units (CAUs) or Corrective Action Sites (CASs). According to the FFACO, CASs are sites potentially requiring corrective action(s) and may include solid waste management units or individual disposal or release sites (FFACO, 1996). Corrective Action Units consist of one or more CASs grouped together based on geography, technical similarity, or agency responsibility for the purpose of determining corrective actions. This CAIP contains the environmental sample collection objectives and the criteria for conducting site investigation activities at CAU 135, Area 25 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs), which is located on the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The NTS is approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles [mi]) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada.
Date: May 5, 1999
Creator: United States. Department of Energy. Nevada Operations Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Barriers to communication and cooperation in addressing community impacts of radioactive releases from research facilities. (open access)

Barriers to communication and cooperation in addressing community impacts of radioactive releases from research facilities.

Two instances of research facilities responding to public scrutiny will be discussed. The first concerns emissions from a �tritium labeling facility� operated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); the second deals with releases of plutonium from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). There are many parallels between these two cases, both of which are still ongoing. In both, the national laboratory is the acknowledged source of low-level (by regulatory standards) radioactive contamination in the community. A major purpose of both investigations is to determine the degree of the contamination and the threat it poses to public health and the environment. The examining panel or committee is similarly constituted in the two cases, including representatives from all four categories of stakeholders: decision makers; scientists and other professionals doing the analysis/assessment; environmental activist or public interest groups; and �ordinary� citizens (nearly everyone else not in one or more of the first three camps). Both involved community participation from the beginning. The levels of outrage over the events triggering the assessment are comparable; though �discovered� or �appreciated� only a few years ago, the release of radiation in both cases occurred or began occurring more than a decade ago. The meetings have been conducted in …
Date: May 5, 1999
Creator: Harrach, R J & Peterson, S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effect of shadowing on initial conditions, transverse energy and hard probes in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions (open access)

Effect of shadowing on initial conditions, transverse energy and hard probes in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

The effect of shadowing on the early state of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated along with transverse energy and hard process production, specifically Drell-Yan, J/psi, and Upsilon production. We choose several parton distributions and parameterizations of nuclear shadowing, as well as the spatial dependence of shadowing, to study the influence of shadowing on relevant observables. Results are presented for Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s{sub NN}) = 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s{sub NN}) =5.5 TeV.
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: Emel'yanov, V.; Khodinov, A.; Klein, S.R. & Vogt, R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Operational test report integrated system test (ventilation upgrade) (open access)

Operational test report integrated system test (ventilation upgrade)

Operational Final Test Report for Integrated Systems, Project W-030 (Phase 2 test, RECIRC and HIGH-HEAT Modes). Project W-030 provides a ventilation upgrade for the four Aging Waste Facility tanks, including upgraded vapor space cooling and filtered venting of tanks AY101, Ay102, AZ101, AZ102.
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: HARTY, W.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Site pollution prevention progress report (open access)

Hanford Site pollution prevention progress report

The Richland Operations Office (RL) and Office of River Protection (ORP) are pleased to issue the attached Pollution Prevention Progress Report. We have just met the most aggressive waste reduction and A recycling goals to date and are publishing this report to recognize A the site's progress, and to ensure it will sustain success beyond 1 Fiscal Year 2000. This report was designed to inform the been made by RL and ORP in Waste Minimization (WMin) and Pollution Prevention (P2). RL, ORP and their contractors are committed to protecting the environment, and we reiterate pollution prevention should continue to be at the forefront of the environmental cleanup and research efforts. As you read the attached report, we believe you will see a clear demonstration of RL and ORP's outstanding performance as it has been responsible and accountable to the nation, its employees, and the community in which we live and work. commitment that all employees have for environmental stewardship. The report provides useful information about the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE'S) environmental policy and programs, and contains countless examples of waste minimization projects. This year was the first year our site received the White House Closing the Circle in the …
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: Betsch, M. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Notice of construction work in tank farm waste transfer pit 241-UX-154 double-contained receiver tank (open access)

Notice of construction work in tank farm waste transfer pit 241-UX-154 double-contained receiver tank

The following description and any attachments and references are provided to the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH), Division of Radiation Protection, Air Emissions & Defense Waste Section as a notice of construction (NOC) in accordance with Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-247, Radiation Protection - Air Emissions. WAC 246-247-060, ''Applications, registration, and licensing'', states ''This section describes the information requirements for approval to construct, modify, and operate an emission unit. Any NOC requires the submittal of information listed in Appendix A,'' Appendix A (WAC 246-247-110) lists the requirements that must be addressed. Additionally, the following description, attachments, and references are provided to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an NOC, in accordance with Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, ''National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.'' The information required for submittal to the EPA is specified in 40 CFR 61.07. The potential emissions from this activity are estimated to provide less than 0.1 millirem/year total effective dose equivalent to the hypothetical offsite maximally exposed individual, and commencement is needed within a short time. Therefore, this application also is intended to provide notification of the anticipated date of initial startup in accordance with the requirement listed in …
Date: August 5, 1999
Creator: Hill, J. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Commercial Grade Item (CGI) Dedication for Leak Detection Relays (open access)

Commercial Grade Item (CGI) Dedication for Leak Detection Relays

This Test Plan provides a test method to dedicate the leak detection relays used on the new Pumping and Instrumentation Control (PIC) skids. The new skids are fabricated on-site. The leak detection system is a safety class system per the Authorization Basis.
Date: May 5, 1999
Creator: Johns, B. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Breakdown During High-Field Bias-Temperature Stress (open access)

Breakdown During High-Field Bias-Temperature Stress

Measurements of dielectric breakdown during high-field electrical stress are typically performed at or near room temperature via constant voltage or current stress methods. In this summary they explore whether useful information might also be obtained by performing current measurements during a temperature ramp at high electric field.
Date: August 5, 1999
Creator: Fleetwood, D. M.; Krisch, K. S. & Sexton, F. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library