An interdisciplinary project encompassing sound synthesis, music composition, sonification, and visualization of music is facilitated by the high-performance computing capabilities and the virtual-reality environments available at Argonne National Laboratory. The paper describes the main features of the project's centerpiece, DIASS (Digital Instrument for Additive Sound Synthesis); ''A.N.L.-folds'', an equivalence class of compositions produced with DIASS; and application of DIASS in two experiments in the sonification of complex scientific data. Some of the larger issues connected with this project, such as the changing ways in which both scientists and composers perform their tasks, are briefly discussed.

The analysis of archived Crystal River-3 feedwater flow data reveals a slow and steady degradation of the flow meter measurements during the 1992/1993 operating cycle. MSET can reliably estimate the true flow rate and quantify the degree of departure between the indicated signal and the true flow rate with high accuracy. The MSET computed flow rate could, in principle, be used to provide an improved estimate of the reactor power and hence avoid the revenue loss associated with derating the reactor based on a faulty feedwater flow rate indication.

This short course includes information on these topics and subtopics: (I) Nuclear Properties: (A) Historic roots; (B) Nomenclature; (C) Nuclear Stability and abundance; (D) Uses of isotopic techniques; (II) Instrumentation: (A) Sources; (B) Mass resolving elements; (C) Detectors; (III) Making Isotopic Measurements by ICP-MS: (A) Deadtime Correction; (B) Mass Discrimination; (C) Signal /Noise considerations; (IV) Applications and examples: (A) Isotope dilution; (B) Double Spike; (C) Biological Application; (D) Environmental Application; (E) Geological.

The purpose is to provide a source of information that can be used to assist personnel in the planning, training, and execution of radiological work using the principles of ALARA. This document is not intended to replace HNF or WHC Control Manual requirements. The ALARA Tools-List provides detailed information on the use and procurement of engineered controls, mockup training guidelines, and good radiological work practices that have been proven to be ALARA.

The presentation focuses on some of the time-proven and new technologies being used to accomplish radiological work. These techniques can be applied at nuclear facilities to reduce radiation doses and protect the environment. The last reactor plants and processing facilities were shutdown and Hanford was given a new mission to put the facilities in a safe condition, decontaminate, and prepare them for decommissioning. The skills that were necessary to operate these facilities were different than the skills needed today to clean up Hanford. Workers were not familiar with many of the tools, equipment, and materials needed to accomplish:the new mission, which includes clean up of contaminated areas in and around all the facilities, recovery of reactor fuel from spent fuel pools, and the removal of millions of gallons of highly radioactive waste from 177 underground tanks. In addition, this work has to be done with a reduced number of workers and a smaller budget. At Hanford, facilities contain a myriad of radioactive isotopes that are 2048 located inside plant systems, underground tanks, and the soil. As cleanup work at Hanford began, it became obvious early that in order to get workers to apply ALARA and use hew tools and equipment …

A variety of microscopic techniques are employed to characterize fluence limiting defects in hafnia/silica multilayer coatings manufactured for the National Ignition Facility.

We have measured the steady state concentration of gas phase C{sub 2} in Ar/H{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} and Ar/H{sub 2}/C{sub 60} microwave plasmas used for the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films. High sensitivity white light absorption spectroscopy is used to monitor the C{sub 2} density using the d{sup 3}II {l_arrow} A{sup 3}II (0,0) vibrational band of C{sub 2} as chamber pressure, microwave power, substrate temperature and feed gas mixtures are varied in both chemistries. Understanding how these parameters influence the C{sub 2} density in the plasma volume provides insight into discharge mechanisms relevant to the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond.

Advances in the processing and fabrication of Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (Bi-2223) high-T{sub c} superconductors by the powder-in-tube technique continue to bring this material closer to commercial applications. Enhancement of the transport critical current density (J{sub c}) of Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes was achieved by increasing the packing density of the precursor powder, improving mechanical deformation, and adjusting the cooling rate. Long lengths (>150 m) of multifilamentary Bi-2223 tapes have been fabricated and carry critical currents (I{sub c}) of >50 A (J{sub c} {approx} 25 kA/cm{sup 2}) at 77 K in self-field. A 1260-m-long tape carried an I{sub c} of 18 A (J{sub c} {approx} 12 kA/cm{sup 2}) from end-to-end. Several prototype coils have been assembled from these long-length tapes. Recent progress in the fabrication of Bi-2223 tapes is presented in this paper.

This paper describes the application of an electrical network characterization method to an optimization model that is designed to simulate subarea-level energy transactions. The network characterization method determines subarea clusters of system buses that electrically respond to perturbations in a very similar manner. The method produces a reduced number of transmission constraints and preserves parallel path representations. The least-cost, linear programming (LP) formulation takes advantage of data reduction techniques to simplify model transmission constraints, while supporting parallel path system characteristics and energy tagging of subarea transactions. An overview of the proposed method describes the problem domain and key model features. The paper then presents two model applications that illustrate generator siting and line overload screening analyses.

The magnitudes of both void swelling and radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in iron-chromium-nickel alloys are dependent on bulk alloy composition. Because the diffusivity of nickel via the vacancy flux is slow relative to chromium, nickel enriches and chromium depletes at void surfaces during irradiation. This local composition change reduces the subsequent vacancy flux to the void, thereby reducing void swelling. In this work, the resistance to swelling from major element segregation is estimated using diffusivities derived from grain boundary segregation measurements in irradiated iron-chromium-nickel alloys. The resistance to void swelling in iron- and nickel-base alloys correlates with the segregation and both are functions of bulk alloy composition. Alloys that display the greatest amount of nickel enrichment and chromium depletion are found to be most resistant to void swelling, as predicted. Additionally, swelling is shown to be greater in alloys in which the RIS profiles are slow to develop.

Following earlier investigations on the dissociation rates of halogen containing molecules, we studied the thermal decompositions of CHCl{sub 3} and CF{sub 3}Br. In addition, we measured the branching ratio and rate constants for the thermal decomposition of H{sub 2}CO. We studied three bimolecular rate processes: H + H{sub 2}CC0, CF{sub 3} + H{sub 2}, and H + CF{sub 3}H. Decomposition studies in reflected shock waves on three reactions were completed using atomic resonance absorption spectroscopic (ARAS) detection and/or the laser schlieren density gradient (LS) method.

Novel 3+1 dimensional N = 2 superconformal field theories (with tensionless BPS string solitons) are believed to arise when two sets of M5 branes intersect over a 3+1 dimensional hyperplane. We derive a DLCQ description of these theories as supersymmetric quantum mechanics on the Higgs branch of suitable 4d N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories. Our formulation allows us to determine the scaling dimensions of certain chiral primary operators in the conformal field theories. We also discuss general criteria for quantum mechanical DLCQ descriptions of supersymmetric field theories (and the resulting multiplicities and scaling dimensions of chiral primary operators).

The conclusions of this report are that molybdenum can effectively be separated from uranium and plutonium using TRU-Resin; and that separation of the {sup 99}Mo from the actinides will reduce the analyst's exposure and simplify analysis for the actinide elements.

Many irradiation effects in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys such as radiation-induced segregation, radiation-enhanced diffusion, and void swelling are known to vary with bulk alloy composition. The development of microstructural and microchemical changes during irradiation and during post-irradiation annealing is determined by the rate of diffusion of point defects and alloying elements. To accurately predict the changes in grain boundary chemistry due to radiation-induced segregation and post-irradiation annealing, the composition dependence of diffusion parameters, such as the migration energy, must be known. A model has been developed which calculates migration diffusivity. The advantages of this calculational method are that a single set of input parameters can be used for a wide range of bulk alloy compositions, and the effects of local order can easily be incorporated into the calculations. A description of the model is presented, and model calculations are compared to segregation measurements from seven different iron-chromium-nickel alloys, irradiated with protons to doses from 0.1 to 3.0 dpa at temperatures between 200 C and 600 C. Results show that segregation trends can be modeled using a single set of input parameters with the difference between model calculation and measurement being less than 5 at%, but usually less than 2 at%. Additionally, model …

The motion of water adsorbed in Type-Azeotites has been measured using quasielastic and inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Changes in the charge-compensating cation has a dramatic effect on the low frequency vibrational spectrum, which has a well defined low frequency feature for sodium and lithium but no such peak is present for the case of potassium and calcium. At 297K the low frequency feature is still visible, while there is also quasielastic broadening of the elastic line due to diffusion of the water protons. These measurements are interpreted in the light of the results from computer simulations of these materials.

Based on previous results [1] further details of the oxidation of copper foil 2 Cu + O{sub 2} {r_arrow} 2 CuO were resolved using high quality, high temperature Cu{sub 2}O and CuO standards for Cu-K XAFS and Cu-K PCA [2] analysis. These were prepared from copper foils using the same experimental techniques as for the oxidation under study. As the reaction can be divided into a step-wise oxidation mechanism: 2 Cu + 0.5 O{sub 2} {r_arrow}Cu{sub 2}O; Cu{sub 2}O + 0.5 O{sub 2} {r_arrow} 2 CuO, we attempted to check whether the formation of CuO is kinetically inhibited (delayed) or whether it takes place simultaneously to the formation of Cu{sub 2}O. To achieve an optimal time resolution the QEXAFS technique [3] was applied. This investigation was completed by XRD and SEM investigations on samples quenched within the oxidation period.

In 1996, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) conducted a preliminary technical and legal evaluation of disposing of nonhazardous oil-field wastes (NOW) into salt caverns. Argonne determined that if caverns are sited and designed well, operated carefully, closed properly, and monitored routinely, they could be suitable for disposing of oil-field wastes. On the basis of these findings, Argonne subsequently conducted a preliminary evaluation of the possibility that adverse human health effects (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic) could result from exposure to contaminants released from the NOW disposed of in domal salt caverns. Steps used in this evaluation included the following: identifying potential contaminants of concern, determining how humans could be exposed to these contaminants, assessing contaminant toxicities, estimating contaminant intakes, and calculating human cancer and noncancer risk estimates. Five postclosure cavern release scenarios were assessed. These were inadvertent cavern intrusion, failure of the cavern seal, failure of the cavern through cracks, failure of the cavern through leaky interbeds, and a partial collapse of the cavern roof. Assuming a single, generic, salt cavern and generic oil-field wastes, potential human health effects associated with constituent hazardous substances (arsenic, benzene, cadmium, and chromium) were assessed under each of these scenarios. Preliminary results provided excess cancer risk and …

High voltage TEMs were introduced commercially thirty years ago, with the installations of 500 kV Hitachi instruments at the Universities of Nagoya and Tokyo. Since that time 53 commercial instruments, having maximum accelerating potentials of 0.5-3.5 MV, will have been delivered by the end of 1998. Table 1 summarizes the sites and some information regarding those HVEMS which are available in 1998. This corrects, updates and expands an earlier report of this sort [2]. There have been three commercial HVEM manufacturers: AEI (UK), Hitachi and JEOL (Japan). The proportion of the total number of HVEMS produced by each manufacturer is similar to that reflected in Table 1: AEI and Kratos/AEI (12), Hitachi (20) and JEOL (21). The term Kratos/AEI refers to instruments delivered after the takeover of AEI by Grates in the late 1970's. In Table 1 only maximum accelerating potentials are listed, which is generally also the design value for which the resolution for imaging was optimized. It is important to realize that in many applications, especially those studying irradiation effects, much lower voltages may be employed somewhat routinely to minimize atom displacements by the incident electron beam during analysis. These minimum values range from 100 kV for the …

This appendix contains all source code for the RTProE system. The following file contents are included: pdb.h; hgen.l; hgen.y; igen.l; igen.y; pdm.l; pdm.y; rtdata.l; rtdata.y; framegen.c; librt.c; librt.h; rtsched.c; build.tsh; sde.tcl; rtsched.def.

Negative-parity excitations in the 2.5 MeV region in {sup 112}Cd have been investigated with the (n,n`{gamma}) reaction. Several of these states exhibit enhanced B(E2) values for L decay to the 3{sub 1}{sup -} octupole state, indicative of quadrupole-octupole coupled (2{sup +} {circle_times} 3{sup -}) structures. The B(E1) values observed are typically in the range of 1-5 x 1O{sup -4} W u , irrespective of the final state.

The RELAP5/Mod3.1 computer program has been used to successfully perform thermal-hydraulic analyses to support the Safety Analysis for increasing the MNRC reactor from 1.0 MW to 2.0 MW. The calculation results show the reactor to have operating margin for both the fuel temperature and critical heat flux limits. The calculated maximum fuel temperature of 705 C is well below the 750 C operating limit. The critical heat flux ratio was calculated to be 2.51.

The Argonne Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE) facility, located in south central Kansas, east of Wichita, is devoted primarily to investigations of and within the planetary boundary layer (PBL), including the dynamics of the mixed layer during both day and night; effects of varying land use and land form; the interactive role of precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture; storm development; and energy budgets on scales of 10 to 100 km. Located entirely within the Walnut River watershed, ABLE provides intense measurements within the northeast quadrant (Fig. 1) of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (Stokes and Schwarz, 1994). By combining the continuous measurements of ABLE with ancillary continuous measurements of, for example, the ARM and the Global Energy Water cycle Experiment (GEWEX) (Kinster and Shukla, 1990) programs, ABLE provides a platform within which shorter, more intensive studies, such as those conducted by the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Studies (CASES) Program, can realize the full benefit of a wide variety of atmospheric measurements on many scales; this allows the study of hypothesized features of PBL development and dynamics, including frontal dynamics, nocturnal boundary development and breakdown, urban heat island effects, precipitation enhancement, …

The unjacketed core compressibility in a porous rock is the change in pore volume due to change in pore pressure for constant differential pressure. This parameter affects how the saturated bulk modulus of a rock is related to the drained frame modulus and the pore fluid compressibility. Recent measurements of poroelastic constants and effective medium theories are used to estimate how the pore compressibility depends on effective stress and how uncertainty in the pore compressibility affects uncertainty in Gassmann' equation estimates of the saturated bulk modulus. Results for Berea sandstone and for models of sand-clay mixtures show that the estimate of the change in the saturated bulk modulus due to substitution of different fluids in the rock may differ in size by a factor of two or more if the pore compressibility is approximately equal to the fluid compressibility instead of the grain compressibility. In general, the order of magnitude and sign of the pore compressibility cannot be determined from solid and fluid compressibility information alone.

The problem of bird interference with radar performance is as old as radar itself; however, the problem specific to wind profiler operation has not drawn the attention of researchers until the last 5 or 6 years. Since then, the problem has been addressed in many publications and several ways to solve it have been indicated. Recent advances in radar hardware and software made the last generation of profilers much more immune to bird contamination. However, many older profilers are still in use; errors in averaged (hourly) winds due to bird interference may be as high as 15 m/s. The objective of the present study is to develop a practical method to derive mean winds from averaged spectral data of a 915-MHz wind profiler under the condition of bird contamination.