Memos, agendas, regional hydrology, and field trip reports are included for the INEL oversight program; they relate to the hydrogeology of INEL and ICPP, and to the cleanup effort at these sites.

Coal is our largest domestic energy resource with recoverable reserves estimated at 268 billion short tons or 5.896 quads Btu equivalent. This is approximately 95 percent of US fossil energy resources. It is relatively inexpensive to mine, and on a per Btu basis it is generally much less costly to produce than other energy sources. Its chief drawbacks are the environmental, health and safety concerns that must be addressed in its production and consumption. Historically, coal has played a major role in US energy markets. Coal fueled the railroads, heated the homes, powered the factories. and provided the raw materials for steel-making. In 1920, coal supplied over three times the amount of energy of oil, gas, and hydro combined. From 1920 until the mid 1970s, coal production remained fairly constant at 400 to 600 million short tons a year. Rapid increases in overall energy demands, which began during and after World War II were mostly met by oil and gas. By the mid 1940s, coal represented only half of total energy consumption in the US. In fact, post-war coal production, which had risen in support of the war effort and the postwar Marshall plan, decreased approximately 25 percent between 1945 …

The K-shell emission from flat and porous aluminum targets is used to infer the efficiency of creating a high temperature (>100eV), thermal plasma with 800 nm, 140 fs laser light. The K-shell emission from flat aluminum targets is fond to be significantly less than that of the porous targets, implying a lower temperature and less efficient coupling between the target and ultra-short pulse laser light.

Ammonium nitrate production during the operation of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) has been identified as a major problem. The accumulation of ammonium nitrate deposits in the vent system of the chemical processing cell has substantial safety implications and will require analysis of ammonium ions within DWPF process samples. As a part of the research and development of the DWPF at TNX, an ammonium analysis method developed by Dionex Corporation has been identified and confirmed to provide the required information. This memorandum describes the technical basis of the method, the accuracy and precision of the method, known interferences, and maintenance details.

Memos, agendas, regional hydrology, and field trip reports are included for the INEL oversight program; they relate to the hydrogeology of INEL and ICPP, and to the cleanup effort at these sites.

Results are reported in two areas: (1) understanding the mechanism of superplasticity in those that show unusual resistance to intergranular cavitation, and (2) understanding the growth of heteroepitaxial films of oxides by CVD (NiO, TiO{sub 2}).

These lecture notes review the LDA-KKR-CPA method for treating the electronic structure and energetics of random alloys and the MF-CF and GPM theories of ordering and phase stability built on the LDA- KKR-CPA description of the disordered phase. Section 2 lays out the basic LDA-KKR-CPA theory of random alloys and some applications. Section 3 reviews the progress made in understanding specific ordering phenomena in binary solid solutions base on the MF-CF and GPM theories of ordering and phase stability. Examples are Fermi surface nesting, band filling, off diagonal randomness, charge transfer, size difference or local strain fluctuations, magnetic effects; in each case, an attempt is made to link the ordering and the underlying electronic structure of the disordered phase. Section 4 reviews calculations of electronic structure of {beta}-phase Ni{sub c}Al{sub 1-c} alloys using a version of the LDA-KKR-CPA codes generalized to complex lattices.

This report describes a research project that was conducted from August 15, 1985 to February 28, 1992. The project was based on the ultrasonic studies of natural and synthetic silicate melts, and the study of Brillouin scattering of synthetic silicates and oxides. Measurements of the compressional wave velocity and attenuation can be established using the ultrasonic methods. Temperature dependences of silicates can be established by the Brillouin scattering. (MB)

The development of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) as a power source will require demonstrating four principal objectives: ignition and propagating burn, adequate gain ({eta}G {approx gt} 10) at low drive energy for the reactor driver, reactor pulse rates of a few Hz, and the long-term reliability and economics of a reactor. Additionally, the potential value and applicability of special-purpose ICF reactors, such as tritium breeding reactors and reactors for burning high level fission waste (actinide and fission products) should be investigated. To keep development time and costs to a minimum these should be accomplished with as few major facilities as possible, and subsystems should be developed only as they are needed. A viable scenario for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) would include establishing the first milestone in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and Fusion Policy Advisory Committee (FPAC) recommended Nova Upgrade, and the latter three in an Engineering Test Facility (ETF)/Demonstration Power Plant (DPP), i.e. two major facilities. To be successful in so short a time, operations at the major facilities would have to be supported by off-line reactor driver and other technology development. The program plan discussed here assumes that enhanced funding is available beginning in FY 1992. It …

Ammonium nitrate production during the operation of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) has been identified as a major problem. The accumulation of ammonium nitrate deposits in the vent system of the chemical processing cell has substantial safety implications and will require analysis of ammonium ions within DWPF process samples. As a part of the research and development of the DWPF at TNX, an ammonium analysis method developed by Dionex Corporation has been identified and confirmed to provide the required information. This memorandum describes the technical basis of the method, the accuracy and precision of the method, known interferences, and maintenance details.

Doping studies are presented on three materials exhibiting hybridization gaps: Ce{sub 3}Bi{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, U{sub 3}Sb{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, and CeRhSb. In the case of trivalent La, Y, or Lu substituting for Ce or U, there is a suppression of the low temperature gap and an increase in the electronic specific heat, {gamma}. In the case of tetravalent Th substitutions for U there is no change in {gamma} and in the case of tetravalent Zr substitution for Ce in CeRhSb, there is an enhanced semiconductor-like behavior in the electrical resistance. These results are discussed in the light of a simple model of hybridization gapped systems. 12 refs., 3 figs.

We have performed molecular dynamics computer simulation studies of displacement cascades in Cu at low temperature. For 25 keV recoils we observe the splitting of a cascade into subcascades and show that cascades in Cu may lead to the formation of vacancy and interstitial dislocation loops. We discuss a new mechanism of defect production based on the observation of interstitial prismatic dislocation loop punching from cascades at 10 K. We also show that below the subcascade threshold, atomic mixing in the cascade is recoil-energy dependent and obtain a mixing efficiency that scales as the square root of the primary recoil energy. 44 refs., 12 figs.

This report describes a research project that was conducted from August 15, 1985 to February 28, 1992. The project was based on the ultrasonic studies of natural and synthetic silicate melts, and the study of Brillouin scattering of synthetic silicates and oxides. Measurements of the compressional wave velocity and attenuation can be established using the ultrasonic methods. Temperature dependences of silicates can be established by the Brillouin scattering. (MB)

The degradation of fracture toughness, tensile, and Charpy-impact properties of Type 308 stainless steel (SS) pipe welds due to thermal aging has been characterized at room temperature and 290 C. Thermal aging of SS welds results in moderate decreases in Charpy-impact strength and fracture toughness. For the various welds in this study, upper-shelf energy decreased by 50-80 J/cm{sup 2}. The decrease in fracture toughness J-R curve or JIC is relatively small. Thermal aging had little or no effect on the tensile strength of the welds. Fracture properties of SS welds are controlled by the distribution and morphology of second-phase particles. Failure occurs by the formation and growth of microvoids near hard inclusions; such processes are relatively insensitive to thermal aging. The ferrite phase has little or no effect on the fracture properties of the welds. Differences in fracture resistance of the welds arise from differences in the density and size of inclusions. Mechanical-property data from the present study are consistent with results from other investigations. The existing data have been used to establish minimum expected fracture properties for SS welds.

The Virasoro master equation (VME) describes the general affine-Virasoro construction $T=L^abJ_aJ_b+iD^a \dif J_a$ in the operator algebra of the WZW model, where $L^ab$ is the inverse inertia tensor and $D^a $ is the improvement vector. In this paper, we generalize this construction to find the general (one-loop) Virasoro construction in the operator algebra of the general non-linear sigma model. The result is a unified Einstein-Virasoro master equation which couples the spacetime spin-two field $L^ab$ to the background fields of the sigma model. For a particular solution $L_G^ab$, the unified system reduces to the canonical stress tensors and conventional Einstein equations of the sigma model, and the system reduces to the general affine-Virasoro construction and the VME when the sigma model is taken to be the WZW action. More generally, the unified system describes a space of conformal field theories which is presumably much larger than the sum of the general affine-Virasoro construction and the sigma model with its canonical stress tensors. We also discuss a number of algebraic and geometrical properties of the system, including its relation to an unsolved problem in the theory of $G$-structures on manifolds with torsion.

Development testing will be performed on the water jet cleaning fixture to determine the most effective arrangement of water jet nozzles to remove contamination from the surfaces of canisters and other debris. The following debris may be stained with dye to simulate surface contaminates: Mark O, Mark I, and Mark II Fuel Storage Canisters (both stainless steel and aluminum), pipe of various size, (steel, stainless, carbon steel and aluminum). Carbon steel and stainless steel plate, channel, angle, I-beam and other surfaces, specifically based on the Scientific Ecology Group (SEG) inventory and observations of debris within the basin. Test procedure for developmental testing of High Pressure Water Jet System.

The readiness of the Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) to provide monitoring and control of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) abort coils from the Master and RSS stations will be systematically tested during performance of this procedure. It should be noted that these are not physical abort coils but software coils controlled by the software`s ladder logic. The readiness of the DACS to properly interface with the ENRAF wire level gauge installed in the SY101 storage tank will also be tested. During this test, a verification of all abort coil indications will be conducted at the DACS Development Facility in the 306E Building by injecting an input signal for each DACS sensor that has an associated abort coil until the abort coil actuates, and then ensuring that the status of the abort coil indicated at the Master and RSS stations correct. Each abort coil will also be tested to ensure that the ``ENABLE`` and ``DISABLE`` controls from the Master and RSS stations function correctly, and only with the use of proper passwords.

This administrative report is of historical interest. It covers research on Hydrothermal, Geopressured Geothermal, Hot Dry Rock systems, and the Long Valley Experimental (occasioned originally by the Magma Energy Program). (DJE 2005)

This is an internal DOE Geothermal Program planning and control document. Many of these reports were issued only in draft form.

A pulsed laser is provided wherein the B-integral accumulated in the laser pulse is reduced using a semiconductor wafer. A laser pulse is generated by a laser pulse source. The laser pulse passes through a semiconductor wafer that has a negative nonlinear index of refraction. Thus, the laser pulse accumulates a negative B-integral. The laser pulse is then fed into a laser amplification medium, which has a positive nonlinear index of refraction. The laser pulse may make a plurality of passes through the laser amplification medium and accumulate a positive B-integral during a positive non-linear phase change. The semiconductor and laser pulse wavelength are chosen such that the negative B-integral accumulated in the semiconductor wafer substantially cancels the positive B-integral accumulated in the laser amplification medium. There may be additional accumulation of positive B-integral if the laser pulse passes through additional optical mediums such as a lens or glass plates. Thus , the effects of self-phase modulation in the laser pulse are substantially reduced.

This report documents the conceptual design review of the sludge offload system for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Project. The design description, drawings, available analysis, and safety analysis were reviewed by a peer group. The design review comments and resolutions are documented.

The purpose of this report is to summarize selected lightning issues concerning the Hanford Waste Tanks. These issues include the probability of a lightning discharge striking the area immediately adjacent to a tank including a riser, the consequences of significant energy deposition from a lightning strike in a tank, and mitigating actions that have been or are being taken. The major conclusion of this report is that the probability of a lightning strike deposition sufficient energy in a tank to cause an effect on employees or the public is unlikely;but there are insufficient, quantitative data on the tanks and waste to prove that. Protection, such as grounding of risers and air terminals on existing light poles, is recommended.

This document describes the hardware and software required for the Federal Emergency Management Information System version 1.4.5 (FEMIS v1.4.5). The FEMIS system is designed for a single Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) site that has multiple Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs). Each EOC has personal computers (PCs) that emergency planners and operations personnel use to do their jobs. These PCs are connected via a local area network (LAN) to servers that provide EOC-wide services. Each EOC is interconnected to other EOCs via a Wide Area Network (WAN). A UNIX server provides a platform to support the Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS) distributed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), ARC/INFO geographic information system (GIS) capabilities (optional), basic file management services, the evacuation model (ESIM), the data exchange interface (DEI), and the notification service. FEMIS is a client/server system where much of the application software is located in the client PC. This client software includes the FEMIS application, government furnished dispersion and evacuation models, and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software applications, including the ArcView GIS and Microsoft Project (electronic planning). Several configurations are possible at a CSEPP site. In this document, a site is understood to include several installations of FEMIS, including the …

This documentation and analysis for packaging documents that Hardigg cases meet the requirements for Industrial Packaging Type 1 containers for the packaging of low specific activity radioactive material or surface contaminated object quantities for transport.