Physical characterization of magmatic liquids. [Ultrasonic and Brillouin Scattering Studies of Natural and Synthetic Silicates and Oxides] (open access)

Physical characterization of magmatic liquids. [Ultrasonic and Brillouin Scattering Studies of Natural and Synthetic Silicates and Oxides]

This report describes a research project that was conducted from August 15, 1985 to February 28, 1992. The project was based on the ultrasonic studies of natural and synthetic silicate melts, and the study of Brillouin scattering of synthetic silicates and oxides. Measurements of the compressional wave velocity and attenuation can be established using the ultrasonic methods. Temperature dependences of silicates can be established by the Brillouin scattering. (MB)
Date: June 5, 1992
Creator: Manghnani, M.H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Three-dimensional thermal analysis of a baseline spent fuel repository (open access)

Three-dimensional thermal analysis of a baseline spent fuel repository

A three-dimensional thermal analysis has been performed using finite difference techniques to determine the near-field response of a baseline spent fuel repository in a deep geologic salt medium. A baseline design incorporates previous thermal modeling experience and OWI recommendations for areal thermal loading in specifying the waste form properties, package details, and emplacement configuration. The base case in this thermal analysis considers one 10-year old PWR spent fuel assembly emplaced to yield a 36 kw/acre (8.9 w/m/sup 2/) loading. A unit cell model in an infinite array is used to simplify the problem and provide upper-bound temperatures. Boundary conditions are imposed which allow simulations to 1000 years. Variations studied include a comparison of ventilated and unventilated storage room conditions, emplacement packages with and without air gaps surrounding the canister, and room cool-down scenarios with ventilation following an unventilated state for retrieval purposes. At this low power level ventilating the emplacement room has an immediate cooling influence on the canister and effectively maintains the emplacement room floor near the temperature of the ventilating air. The annular gap separating the canister and sleeve causes the peak temperature of the canister surface to rise by 10/sup 0/F (5.6/sup 0/C) over that from a …
Date: June 5, 1980
Creator: Altenbach, T.J. & Lowry, W.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Inertial fusion research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: program status and future applications (open access)

Inertial fusion research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: program status and future applications

The objectives of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Laser Fusion Program are to understand and develop the science and technology required to utilize inertial confinement fusion (ICF) for both military and commercial applications. The results of recent experiments are described. We point out the progress in our laser studies, where we continue to develop and test the concepts, components, and materials for present and future laser systems. While there are many potential commercial applications of ICF, we limit our discussions to electric power production.
Date: June 5, 1986
Creator: Meier, W. R. & Hogan, W. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mechanisms of defect production and atomic mixing in high energy displacement cascades: A molecular dynamics study (open access)

Mechanisms of defect production and atomic mixing in high energy displacement cascades: A molecular dynamics study

We have performed molecular dynamics computer simulation studies of displacement cascades in Cu at low temperature. For 25 keV recoils we observe the splitting of a cascade into subcascades and show that cascades in Cu may lead to the formation of vacancy and interstitial dislocation loops. We discuss a new mechanism of defect production based on the observation of interstitial prismatic dislocation loop punching from cascades at 10 K. We also show that below the subcascade threshold, atomic mixing in the cascade is recoil-energy dependent and obtain a mixing efficiency that scales as the square root of the primary recoil energy. 44 refs., 12 figs.
Date: June 5, 1991
Creator: Diaz de la Rubia, T. & Guinan, M.W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Powerplant Productivity Improvement Study: benefits of improved powerplant reliability. Final report, Project 2, Task 2 (open access)

Powerplant Productivity Improvement Study: benefits of improved powerplant reliability. Final report, Project 2, Task 2

A summary of total cumulative fuel consumption differences by fuel type through 1990 for four improvement scenarios is presented for Commonwealth Edison Company (CE) and for Illinois Power Company (IP). In all scenarios, liquid-fuel consumption is reduced. Generation is shifted to the coal and/or nuclear units for which improved availability has been assumed. For a 2% improvement in both planned (POR) and forced outage rates (FOR), a total of more than 16 million barrels of No. 6 oil will have been saved by 1990 by the two companies. This is the result of improving 10,894 MW on the CE system and 2234 MW on the IP system. For the two utilities combined, gross savings (in 1978 dollars) range from $83 million for a 1% POR improvement to $346 million for 2% improvements in both POR and FOR. In terms of their effect on ratepayers, these savings would be even greater since gross receipt taxes and other charges would be applied to a smaller-generation cost base under the improvement scenarios. Caution must be exercised however, since results do not take into consideration the costs of achieving the improved performance. The proportion of net benefits that would be passed on to ratepayers …
Date: June 5, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of doping on hybridization gapped materials (open access)

Effects of doping on hybridization gapped materials

Doping studies are presented on three materials exhibiting hybridization gaps: Ce{sub 3}Bi{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, U{sub 3}Sb{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, and CeRhSb. In the case of trivalent La, Y, or Lu substituting for Ce or U, there is a suppression of the low temperature gap and an increase in the electronic specific heat, {gamma}. In the case of tetravalent Th substitutions for U there is no change in {gamma} and in the case of tetravalent Zr substitution for Ce in CeRhSb, there is an enhanced semiconductor-like behavior in the electrical resistance. These results are discussed in the light of a simple model of hybridization gapped systems. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Date: June 5, 1991
Creator: Canfield, P. C.; Thompson, J. D.; Hundley, M. F.; Lacerda, A. & Fisk, Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safety analysis of the existing 851 Firing Facility (open access)

Safety analysis of the existing 851 Firing Facility

A safety analysis was performed to determine if normal operations and/or potential accidents at the 851 Firing Facility at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The normal operations and credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. It was determined by this analysis that all but two of the hazards were either low or of the type or magnitude routinely encountered and/or accepted by the public. The exceptions were the linear accelerator and explosives, which were classified as moderate hazards per the requirements given in DOE Order 5481.1A. This safety analysis concluded that the operation at this facility will present no undue risk to the health and safety of LLNL employees or the public.
Date: June 5, 1986
Creator: Odell, B.N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New Evidence From Soudan 1 for Underground Muons Associated With Cygnus X-3 (open access)

New Evidence From Soudan 1 for Underground Muons Associated With Cygnus X-3

The Soudan 1 experiment has obtained additional evidence for underground muons associated with the x-ray pulsar Cygnus X-3. We report the preliminary analysis of data recorded during the October 1985 radio outburst of Cygnus X-3, which show a significant excess of muons for a narrow range of Cygnus X-3 phases.
Date: June 5, 1986
Creator: Ayres, D. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transition energy correlations in the three-body continuum of Borromean halo nuclei (open access)

Transition energy correlations in the three-body continuum of Borromean halo nuclei

Energy correlations in transitions from the bound state to the three-body continuum of Borromean halo nuclei are considered. A core+n+n three-body cluster model which reproduces experimentally known properties of {sup 6}He and {sup 11}Li has been used to study low-lying resonances and soft modes. The analysis of the correlated responses in {sup 6}He shows that in the case of the narrow three-body 2{sub 1}{sup +} resonance the transition energy correlations are the same as in the intrinsic correlated structure in 3 {yields} 3 scattering. They differ significantly for wide 2{sub 2}{sup +}, 1{sub 1}{sup +} resonances, and also for the soft dipole and monopole modes, where, due to the transition operators, the intertwining of the ground state and the three-body continuum plays a significant role.
Date: June 5, 2007
Creator: Danilin, B V; Vaagen, J S; Rogde, T; Ershov, S N; Thompson, I J & Zhukov, M V
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Resolution Upgrade of the ATF Damping ring BPM System (open access)

High Resolution Upgrade of the ATF Damping ring BPM System

None
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Terunuma, N.; Urakawa, J.; Frisch, J.; May, J.; McCormick, D.; Nelson, J. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A korarchaeal genome reveals insights into the evolution of the Archaea (open access)

A korarchaeal genome reveals insights into the evolution of the Archaea

The candidate division Korarchaeota comprises a group of uncultivated microorganisms that, by their small subunit rRNA phylogeny, may have diverged early from the major archaeal phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Here, we report the initial characterization of a member of the Korarchaeota with the proposed name,"Candidatus Korarchaeum cryptofilum," which exhibits an ultrathin filamentous morphology. To investigate possible ancestral relationships between deep-branching Korarchaeota and other phyla, we used whole-genome shotgun sequencing to construct a complete composite korarchaeal genome from enriched cells. The genome was assembled into a single contig 1.59 Mb in length with a G + C content of 49percent. Of the 1,617 predicted protein-coding genes, 1,382 (85percent) could be assigned to a revised set of archaeal Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs). The predicted gene functions suggest that the organism relies on a simple mode of peptide fermentation for carbon and energy and lacks the ability to synthesize de novo purines, CoA, and several other cofactors. Phylogenetic analyses based on conserved single genes and concatenated protein sequences positioned the korarchaeote as a deep archaeal lineage with an apparent affinity to the Crenarchaeota. However, the predicted gene content revealed that several conserved cellular systems, such as cell division, DNA replication, and tRNA …
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Anderson, Iain J; Elkins, James G.; Podar, Mircea; Graham, David E.; Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ambient Radon-222 Monitoring in Amargosa Valley, Nevada (open access)

Ambient Radon-222 Monitoring in Amargosa Valley, Nevada

As part of a program to characterize and baseline selected environmental parameters in the region around the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, ambient radon-222 monitoring was conducted in the rural community of Amargosa Valley, the community closest to the proposed repository site. Passive integrating radon monitors and a continuous radon monitoring instrument were deployed adjacent to the Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) (http://www.cemp.dri.edu/index.html) station located in the Amargosa Valley Community Center near the library. The CEMP station provided real-time ambient gamma exposure and meteorological data used to correct the integrated radon measurements as well as verify meteorological data collected by the continuous radon monitoring instrument. Additionally, different types of environmental enclosures that housed the monitors and instrument were used to determine if particular designs influenced the ambient radon measurements.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Karr, L. H.; Tappen, J. J.; Shafer, D. & Gray, K. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of K-shell Praseodymium with a High-Energy Calorimeter (open access)

High-Resolution Spectroscopy of K-shell Praseodymium with a High-Energy Calorimeter

We present a measurement of the K-shell spectrum of He-like through Be-like praseodymium ions trapped in the Livermore SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap using a bismuth absorber pixel on the XRS/EBIT microcalorimeter. This measurement is the first of its kind where the n=2 to n=1 transitions of the various charge states are spectroscopically resolved. The measured transition energies are compared with theoretical calculations from several atomic codes.
Date: June 5, 2007
Creator: Thorn, D B; Brown, G V; Clementson, J T; Chen, H; Chen, M H; Beiersdorfer, P et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM BLEND DOWN PROGRAM AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE PRESENT AND FUTURE (open access)

HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM BLEND DOWN PROGRAM AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE PRESENT AND FUTURE

The Department of Energy (DOE) and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) entered into an Interagency Agreement to transfer approximately 40 metric tons of highly enriched uranium (HEU) to TVA for conversion to fuel for the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant. Savannah River Site (SRS) inventories included a significant amount of this material, which resulted from processing spent fuel and surplus materials. The HEU is blended with natural uranium (NU) to low enriched uranium (LEU) with a 4.95% 235U isotopic content and shipped as solution to the TVA vendor. The HEU Blend Down Project provided the upgrades needed to achieve the product throughput and purity required and provided loading facilities. The first blending to low enriched uranium (LEU) took place in March 2003 with the initial shipment to the TVA vendor in July 2003. The SRS Shipments have continued on a regular schedule without any major issues for the past 5 years and are due to complete in September 2008. The HEU Blend program is now looking to continue its success by dispositioning an additional approximately 21 MTU of HEU material as part of the SRS Enriched Uranium Disposition Project.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Magoulas, V; Charles Goergen, C & Ronald Oprea, R
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
World Best Practice Energy Intensity Values for SelectedIndustrial Sectors (open access)

World Best Practice Energy Intensity Values for SelectedIndustrial Sectors

"World best practice" energy intensity values, representingthe most energy-efficient processes that are in commercial use in atleast one location worldwide, are provided for the production of iron andsteel, aluminium, cement, pulp and paper, ammonia, and ethylene. Energyintensity is expressed in energy use per physical unit of output for eachof these commodities; most commonly these are expressed in metric tonnes(t). The energy intensity values are provided by major energy-consumingprocesses for each industrial sector to allow comparisons at the processlevel. Energy values are provided for final energy, defined as the energyused at the production facility as well as for primary energy, defined asthe energy used at the production facility as well as the energy used toproduce the electricity consumed at the facility. The "best practice"figures for energy consumption provided in this report should beconsidered as indicative, as these may depend strongly on the materialinputs.
Date: June 5, 2007
Creator: Worrell, Ernst; Price, Lynn; Neelis, Maarten; Galitsky,Christina & Zhou, Nan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ionization efficiency studies for xenon ions with thesuperconducting ECR ion source VENUS (open access)

Ionization efficiency studies for xenon ions with thesuperconducting ECR ion source VENUS

Ionization efficiency studies for high charge state xenon ions using a calibrated gas leak are presented. A 75% enriched {sup 129}Xe gas leak with a gas flow equivalent to 5.11p{mu}A was used in all the measurements. The experiments were performed at the VENUS (Versatile ECR ion source for Nuclear Science) ion source for 18 GHz, 28 GHz and double frequency operation. Overall, total ionization efficiencies close to 100% and ionization efficiencies into a single charge state up to 22% were measured. The influence of the biased disk on the ionization efficiency was studied and the results were somewhat surprising. When the biased disk was removed from the plasma chamber, the ionization efficiency was dramatically reduced for single frequency operation. However, using double frequency heating the ionization efficiencies achieved without the biased disk almost matched the ionization efficiencies achieved with the biased probe. In addition, we have studied the influence of the support gas on the charge state distribution of the xenon ions. Either pure oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and helium were used as support gases. The addition of a small amount of helium can increase the ionization efficiency into a single charge state by narrowing the charge state …
Date: June 5, 2007
Creator: Leitner, Daniela; Lyneis, Claude M.; Todd, DamonS. & Tarvainen,Olli
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPSILON HYPERONS IN THE REACTION K- + P -->+ K+ (open access)

EPSILON HYPERONS IN THE REACTION K- + P -->+ K+

None
Date: June 5, 1962
Creator: Alvarez, Luis W.; Berge, J. Peter; Kalbfleisch, George R.; Button-Shafer, Janice; Solmitz, Frank T.; Stevenson, M. Lynn et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sediment transport time measured with U-Series isotopes: Resultsfrom ODP North Atlantic Drill Site 984 (open access)

Sediment transport time measured with U-Series isotopes: Resultsfrom ODP North Atlantic Drill Site 984

High precision uranium isotope measurements of marineclastic sediments are used to measure the transport and storage time ofsediment from source to site of deposition. The approach is demonstratedon fine-grained, late Pleistocene deep-sea sediments from Ocean DrillingProgram Site 984A on the Bjorn Drift in the North Atlantic. The sedimentsare siliciclastic with up to 30 percent carbonate, and dated by sigma 18Oof benthic foraminifera. Nd and Sr isotopes indicate that provenance hasoscillated between a proximal source during the last three interglacialperiods volcanic rocks from Iceland and a distal continental sourceduring glacial periods. An unexpected finding is that the 234U/238Uratios of the silicate portion of the sediment, isolated by leaching withhydrochloric acid, are significantly less than the secular equilibriumvalue and show large and systematic variations that are correlated withglacial cycles and sediment provenance. The 234U depletions are inferredto be due to alpha-recoil loss of234Th, and are used to calculate"comminution ages" of the sediment -- the time elapsed between thegeneration of the small (<_ 50 mu-m) sediment grains in the sourceareas by comminution of bedrock, and the time of deposition on theseafloor. Transport times, the difference between comminution ages anddepositional ages, vary from less than 10 ky to about 300 to 400 ky forthe …
Date: June 5, 2006
Creator: DePaolo, Donald J.; Maher, Kate; Christensen, John N. & McManus,Jerry
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Streak-Camera Measurements with High Currents in PEP-II and Variable Optics in SPEAR3 (open access)

Streak-Camera Measurements with High Currents in PEP-II and Variable Optics in SPEAR3

A dual-axis, synchroscan streak camera was used to measure longitudinal bunch profiles in three storage rings at SLAC: the PEP-II low- and high-energy rings, and SPEAR3. At high currents, both PEP rings exhibit a transient synchronous-phase shift along the bunch train due to RF-cavity beam loading. Bunch length and profile asymmetry were measured along the train for a range of beam currents. To avoid the noise inherent in a dual-axis sweep, we accumulated single-axis synchroscan images while applying a 50-ns gate to the microchannel plate. To improve the extinction ratio, an upstream mirror pivoting at 1 kHz was synchronized with the 2kHz MCP gate to deflect light from other bunches off the photocathode. Bunch length was also measured on the HER as a function of beam energy. For SPEAR3 we measured bunch length as a function of single-bunch current for several lattices: achromatic, low-emittance and low momentum compaction. In the first two cases, resistive and reactive impedance components can be extracted from the longitudinal bunch profiles. In the low-alpha configurations, we observed natural bunch lengths approaching the camera resolution, requiring special care to remove instrumental effects, and saw evidence of periodic bursting.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Cheng, Weixeng; Fisher, Alan & Corbett, Jeff
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2007 (open access)

Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2007

The Hanford Site environmental report is prepared annually for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in accordance with regulatory requirements. The report provides an overview of activities at the site; demonstrates the status of the site’s compliance with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, executive orders, and DOE policies and directives; and summarizes environmental data that characterize Hanford Site environmental management performance. The report also highlights signifi cant environmental and public protection programs and efforts. Some historical and early 2008 information is included where appropriate.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Poston, Ted M.; Duncan, Joanne P. & Dirkes, Roger L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Physical Model Development and Benchmarking for MHD Flows in Blanket Design (open access)

Physical Model Development and Benchmarking for MHD Flows in Blanket Design

An advanced simulation environment to model incompressible MHD flows relevant to blanket conditions in fusion reactors has been developed at HyPerComp in research collaboration with TEXCEL. The goals of this phase-II project are two-fold: The first is the incorporation of crucial physical phenomena such as induced magnetic field modeling, and extending the capabilities beyond fluid flow prediction to model heat transfer with natural convection and mass transfer including tritium transport and permeation. The second is the design of a sequence of benchmark tests to establish code competence for several classes of physical phenomena in isolation as well as in select (termed here as “canonical”,) combinations. No previous attempts to develop such a comprehensive MHD modeling capability exist in the literature, and this study represents essentially uncharted territory. During the course of this Phase-II project, a significant breakthrough was achieved in modeling liquid metal flows at high Hartmann numbers. We developed a unique mathematical technique to accurately compute the fluid flow in complex geometries at extremely high Hartmann numbers (10,000 and greater), thus extending the state of the art of liquid metal MHD modeling relevant to fusion reactors at the present time. These developments have been published in noted international journals. …
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: Munipalli, Ramakanth; P.-Y.Huang; C.Chandler; C.Rowell; M.-J.Ni; N.Morley et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
LITERATURE SURVEY FOR GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR NITRATE IODINE-129 AND URANIUM 200-ZP-1 OPERABLE UNIT HANFORD SITE (open access)

LITERATURE SURVEY FOR GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR NITRATE IODINE-129 AND URANIUM 200-ZP-1 OPERABLE UNIT HANFORD SITE

This literature review presents treatment options for nitrate, iodine-129, and uranium, which are present in groundwater at the 200-ZP-I Groundwater Operable Unit (OU) within the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. The objective of this review is to determine available methods to treat or sequester these contaminants in place (i.e., in situ) or to pump-and-treat the groundwater aboveground (i.e., ex situ). This review has been conducted with emphasis on commercially available or field-tested technologies, but theoretical studies have, in some cases, been considered when no published field data exist. The initial scope of this literature review included only nitrate and iodine-I 29, but it was later expanded to include uranium. The focus of the literature review was weighted toward researching methods for treatment of nitrate and iodine-129 over uranium because of the relatively greater impact of those compounds identified at the 200-ZP-I OU.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: ME, BYRNES
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ANNUAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE TANK INSPECTION PROGRAM- 2007 (open access)

ANNUAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE TANK INSPECTION PROGRAM- 2007

Aqueous radioactive wastes from Savannah River Site (SRS) separations and vitrification processes are contained in large underground carbon steel tanks. The 2007 inspection program revealed that the structural integrity and waste confinement capability of the Savannah River Site waste tanks were maintained. A very small amount of material had seeped from Tank 12 from a previously identified leaksite. The material observed had dried on the tank wall and did not reach the annulus floor. A total of 5945 photographs were made and 1221 visual and video inspections were performed during 2007. Additionally, ultrasonic testing was performed on four Waste Tanks (15, 36, 37 and 38) in accordance with approved inspection plans that met the requirements of WSRC-TR-2002- 00061, Revision 2 'In-Service Inspection Program for High Level Waste Tanks'. The Ultrasonic Testing (UT) In-Service Inspections (ISI) are documented in a separate report that is prepared by the ISI programmatic Level III UT Analyst. Tanks 15, 36, 37 and 38 are documented in 'Tank Inspection NDE Results for Fiscal Year 2007'; WSRC-TR-2007-00064.
Date: June 5, 2008
Creator: West, B & Ruel Waltz, R
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Design and Certification of Targets for Drop Tests at the NTRC Packaging Research Facility (open access)

Design and Certification of Targets for Drop Tests at the NTRC Packaging Research Facility

This report provides documentation of the design and certification of drop pad (targets) at the National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) Packaging Research Facility(PRF). Based on the evaluation performed, it has been demonstrated that the small (interior) drop pad (target) meets the regulatory definition of a flat, essentially unyielding, horizontal surface for packages weighing up to 3,150 lb (1,432 kg). The large (exterior) drop pad (target) meets the regulatory definition of a flat, essentially unyielding, horizontal surface for packages weighing up to 28,184 lb (12,811 kg).
Date: June 5, 2003
Creator: Ludwig, S. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library