In 1959, the Test Manager's Committee to Establish Fallout Doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. Using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for communities within established fallout patterns. The total collective estimated external gamma exposure is 85,000 person-R. The greatest collective exposures occurred in three general areas: Saint George, Utah; Ely, Nevada; and Las Vegas, Nevada. Three events, HARRY (May 19, 1953), BEE (March 22, 1955), and SMOKY (August 31, 1957), accounted for over half of the total collective estimated external gamma exposure. The bases of the calculational models for external gamma exposure of ''infinite exposure,'' ''estimated exposure,'' and ''one year effective biological exposure'' are explained. 4 figs., 7 tabs.

A brief review is given of recent experimental results from high energy electron and muon scattering on nuclear targets. Electron-proton elastic scattering at SLAC, the A-dependence of deep inelastic scattering at SLAC and CERN, and recent electron scattering experiments in the new program Nuclear Physics at SLAC are described. Some planned future experiments using high energy electrons and muons to probe nuclear targets are outlined. 30 refs., 10 figs.

By combining a digitizing system with a contour-to-grid program, digital elevation data may be developed from contour maps automatically for any existing contour map.

One method of adding capacity is to install another array of turbines whose hub height is above the existing array. This report estimates the wake interference that could be expected in a two-level array. Interference is estimated for a typical situation that may be encountered by a wind farm developer. A modified Lissaman array model is used to make the wake interference calculations. The model calculations show that the wake interference between the two levels is small for the turbine characteristics and turbine layouts considered. (The windwise spacings are about 5.4 and 10.8D for the lower and upper levels of turbines, respectively.) Power losses are about 5% or less at rated speed. Thus, two-level arrays may be a viable way of increasing the generating capacity of existing wind farms.

This paper documents important analysis developments in crack-arrest studies underway in the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program under sponsorship of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The HSST program addresses light-water reactor (LWR) pressure vessel integrity under accident scenarios, including pressurized-thermal-shock events.

Sampling was conducted in John Day Reservoir to collect walleye, northern squawfish and smallmouth bass. Changes in distributions during sampling were characterized from changes in catch per unit effort (CPUE) in sampling areas. Observed movements of marked and radiotagged fish were examined and used to define discrete populations. Abundances were estimated using a modified Schnabel multiple mark and recapture estimator. Abundance estimates were corrected for angler harvest, size specific vulnerability to gear, recruitment due to growth and tag loss during sampling. Age composition of catch was determined to characterize relative contributions of various year classes to the populations. Ages at which fish were fully recruited to gear were defined by catch curves. Survival of fully recruited year classes was calculated from differences in CPUE's between 1984 and 1985. Mean length at age was estimated and used to determine age specific incremental growth. Eighty-eight percent of walleye were caught in McNary tailrace or Irrigon-Paterson, whereas 95% of smallmouth bass were caught from Irrigon-Paterson to the John Day forebay. Abundances of walleye and northern squawfish with fork lengths greater than 250 mm and smallmouth bass with fork lengths greater than 200 mm were estimated to be 16,219, 95,407, and 11,259. Anglers harvested …

Daily newspaper from Mineral Wells, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.

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In December 1983, 13 nuclear utilities that own TDI diesel generators formally established an Owners• Group to address concerns regarding the reliability and operability of these engines. The Owners' Group program for engine requalification consisted of four major elements: 1) resolution of known problems with potentially generic implications, 2) a design review and quality revalidation (DR/QR) effort aimed at identifying and correcting potential problems with the important engine components, 3) expanded engine testing and inspection, and 4) enhanced engine maintenance and surveillance (M/S) to maintain the qualification of the diesel engines for the lifetime of the nuclear plants that they service. In providing technical support to NRC, the PNL project staff, assisted by a number of diesel engine consultants, focused on the four major elements of the Owners' Group engine requalification program, addressing both generic and plant-specific areas.

Even if stable hadrons with fractional charge do not exist, most of the criteria of observability used for ordinary elementary particles apply in principle to quarks as well. This is especially true in a simplified world containing only hadrons made of top quarks and gluons. In the real world containing light quarks, essential complications do occur, but most of the conclusions survive.

The legal and institutional framework within which geothermal energy must develop has its origin in the early 1970s. In 1970, the Federal Geothermal Steam Act was passed into law and in 1974 the Washington State Geothermal Act was passed. The legal and institutional framework thus established by the state and federal governments differed substantially in format, content, and direction. In many instances, the legal and institutional framework established left as many questions unanswered as answered, and in some cases, the framework has proven to be more of an obstacle to development than an aid. From an examination of how the state and federal governments have addressed the varying needs of geothermal development and how the courts have interpreted some of their decisions, it is clear that in order to ensure that the legal and institutional framework is adequate to serve the needs of geothermal development, it must address, at a minimum, the following topics: (1) providing developers with access and a priority right to carry out exploration and development activities; (2) characterization of the resource so as to minimize conflicts with other natural resources; (3) establishing ownership; and (4) giving careful consideration to such lease terms as rentals and royalties, …

Research on Columbia River white sturgeon has been directed at their early life history as it may apply to production and enhancement strategies for management of the species. The river environment in which sturgeon historically migrated, spawned, and reared has changed through development. Habitat changes are expected to precipitate genetic changes in the fish, as well as reduce the fitness in populations. Genetic analysis of samples taken from various locations over the length of the Columbia River have indicated that observed gene frequencies in all areas sampled were not in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium, which could suggest that the general population is experiencing perturbation in the system. Analysis thus far has exposed few differences between samples from the lower, middle, and upper portions of the system. Allelic differences were identified in fish from the Roosevelt Lake, which may be evidence of unique characteristics among fish from that general area.

This thesis considers three aspects of organoactinide chemistry. In chapter one, a bidentate phosphine ligand was used to kinetically stabilize complexes of the type Cp/sub 2/MX/sub 2/. Ligand redistribution processes are present throughout the synthetic work, as has often been observed in uranium cyclopentadienyl chemistry. The effects of covalent M-L bonding on the solution and solid state properties of U(III) coordination complexes are considered. In particular, the nature of the more subtle interaction between the metal and the neutral ligand are examined. Using relative basicity data obtained in solution, and solid state structural data (and supplemented by gas phase photoelectron measurements), it is demonstrated that the more electron rich U(III) centers engage in significant U ..-->.. L ..pi..-donation. Trivalent uranium is shown to be capable of acting either as a one- or two-electron reducing agent toward a wide variety of unsaturated organic and inorganic molecules, generating molecular classes unobtainable via traditional synthetic approaches, as well as offering an alternative synthetic approach to molecules accessible via metathesis reactions. Ligand redistribution processes are again observed, but given the information concerning ligand lability, this reactivity pattern is applied to the synthesis of pure materials inaccessible from redox chemistry. 214 refs., 33 figs., 10 …

Hadronic and nuclear processes are covered, in which all final particles are measured at large invariant masses compared with each other, i.e., large momentum transfer exclusive reactions. Hadronic wave functions in QCD and QCD sum rule constraints on hadron wave functions are discussed. The question of the range of applicability of the factorization formula and perturbation theory for exclusive processes is considered. Some consequences of quark and gluon degrees of freedom in nuclei are discussed which are outside the usual domain of traditional nuclear physics. 44 refs., 7 figs. (LEW)

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

This report is the second in a series of quarterly reports compiled by the Nuclear Waste Treatment Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to document progress on liquid-fed ceramic melter (LFCM) vitrification technology. Progress in the following technical subject areas from January 1 through March 31, 1985, is discussed: pretreatment systems, melting process chemistry and glass development, feed preparation and transfer systems, melter systems, canister filling and handling systems, off-gas systems, and process/product modeling and control. For the first time, LFCM vitrification-related work funded through the Hanford Waste Vitrification Program is also included in this document. Thus, all PNL LFCM vitrification work is now included within the scope of this document. 18 figs., 30 tabs.

This study describes and interprets petrochemical variation of the matrix (excluding fractures and large gas cavities) of the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff. This tuff includes the candidate host rock for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain on the Nevada Test Site. Cored hole USW G-4, near the site of a potential exploratory shaft at Yucca Mountain, penetrated 359.4 m (1179 ft) of the member within the unsaturated zone. This study shows that petrographic textures and chemistry of the matrix vary systematically within recognizable lithologic subunits related to crystallization (cooling) zones, welding (compaction) zones, and compositional zones (rhyolite versus quartz latite). The methods used for this study include petrographic modal thin section analysis using an automated counter and electron microprobe analysis of the groundmass. Distinctive textural categories are defined, and they can be ranked from finest to coarsest as vitrophyre (glass), cryptocrystalline groundmass, spherulites, granophyre, lithic fragments, and phenocrysts. The two main groundmass compositions are also defined: rhyolite high silica) and quartz latite. The value of these petrochemical studies lies in providing microscopic criteria for recognizing the zonal subunits where they may have greatly limited exposure, as in mined drifts and in core from horizontal drill …

The response of the SSC accelerator magnet string to transient excitation from the power supply is considered. Some criteria for the selection of the optimum damping resistors for the SSC magnets are discussed. Once the damping resistors are chosen, the transient response of the load to power supply transients, including the effect of the power supply filter is analyzed. A comparative analysis is made of the differences between two possible configurations in the distribution of the magnets (with and without a return bus).

This report contains detailed petrographic descriptions of 74 thin sections from drill hole USW G-1 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These descriptions are keyed to the distinctions between devitrified, vitrophyre, vitric, and zeolitized intervals below the Topopah Spring Member repository horizon. The petrographic features of the zeolitized intervals down through the Crater Flat tuff, as well as the sorption properties determined from these intervals, suggest that these zeolite occurrences may each have comparable sorptive capability.

Weekly newspaper from Carthage, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

A survey is given of topological-bootstrap-theory aspects that connect objective reality, the S matrix and elementary particles. 3 refs., 9 figs.

We consider some possible mechanisms for producing gain in the 10 nm spectral region. They involve the creation of a population inversion in a confined plasma column by selective excitation of multicharged ions via absorption of many (>10) ultraviolet photons. Specific treatment is made of Kr-like ions pumped by a KrF excimer laser. 27 refs., 5 figs.

In May 1983, the Department of Energy authorized the establishment of a National Low-Temperature Neutron Irradiation Facility (NLTNIF) at ORNL's Bulk Shielding Reactor (BSR). The NLTNIF, which will be available for qualified experiments at no cost to users, will provide a combination of high radiation intensities and special environmental and testing conditions that have not been previously available in the US. Since the DOE authorization, work has proceeded on the design and construction of the new facility without interruption. This report describes the present status of the development of the NLTNIF and the anticipated schedule for completion and performance testing. There is a table of the major specifications and capabilities and a schematic layout of the irradiation cryostate for design and dimensioning of test and experiment assemblies.