During 1979, Chevron Resources Company drilled two 2000 ft holes near Soda Lake in the Nevada Carson Sink area to obtain subsurface data for inclusion in the US Department of Energy's Northern Basin and Range geothermal reservoir assessment program. Drilling information together with detailed lithologic, geophysical and temperature log data were compiled for each hole and is summarized in this report. Maximum stabilized temperatures of 297/sup 0/F and 367/sup 0/F were encountered at total depth in each of the holes, respectively.

The primary objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate an improved PWR fuel assembly design capable of batch average burnups of 45,000-50,000 MWd/mtU. To accomplish this, a number of technical areas must be investigated to verify acceptable extended-burnup fuel performance. This report is the first semi-annual progress report for the program, and it describes work performed during the July-December 1978 time period. Efforts during this period included the definition of a preliminary design for a high-burnup fuel rod, physics analyses of extended-burnup fuel cycles, studies of the physics characteristics of changes in fuel assembly metal-to-water ratios, and development of a design concept for post-irradiation examination equipment to be utilized in examining high-burnup lead-test assemblies.

Studies in support of in-situ gasification involved bench-scale combustor experiments using forward combustion and coke as a fuel. Measurements of the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and reactivity were made on several cokes over a range of temperatures. (LTN)

The stability of dee, inverse-dee and square cross section plasmas to axisymmetric modes has been investigated experimentally in Tokapole II, a tokamak with a four-null poloidal divertor. Experimental results are closely compared with predictions of two numerical stability codes - the PEST code (ideal MHD, linear stability) adapted to tokapole geometry and a code which follows the nonlinear evolution of shapes similar to tokapole equilibria.

This volume presents information on the institutional factors, i.e., legal and regulatory aspects, a preliminary economic analysis, and a proposal for future studies on retrofitting existing thermal power plants so that they can supply heat for district heating and cooling systems for communities. (LCL)

This project involved the complete design and development of marketable systems for single-family and commercial applications and the delivery, installation, and monitoring of the prototype systems. The program plan, description of systems, including components and their applications, seven operational test sites, system performance and comparisons, and lessons learned are presented. (MHR)

The following subjects are included: regional setting, stratigraphic sections, Lower Wilcox sandstone distribution, formation pressure, formation temperature used to delineate geothermal fairways, Zapata Fairway, Duval Fairway, Live Oak Fairway, De Witt Fairway, Colorado Fairway, and Harris Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation pressures and temperatures, porosity and permeability, formation water salinity, and Cuero Prospect are covered for De Witt Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation and fluid properties, and Eagle Lake Prospect are covered for Colorado Fairway. (MHR)

The principles of operation of planar positron camera systems made up of multiwire proportional chambers as detectors and electromagnetic delay lines for coordinate readout are discussed. Gamma converters are coupled to the wire chambers to increase detection efficiency and improve spatial resolution. The conversion efficiencies of these converters are calculated and the results compare favorably to the experimentally measured values.

This report presents the background and progress to date for the Wind Furnace project at the University of Massachusetts. The organization of the report gives a general description of the Wind Furnace installed at Solar Habitat-I with performance and operational data of general inerest. More detail is presented under the summary discussions for each task with referenced technical reports and published papers giving a full description of the specific tasks.

This report is an overview of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's seismic assessment of six commercial plutonium fabrication plants licensed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) before September 2, 1971. The seismic assessment generally has three parts: (1) documentation of the structural condition of each facility and its critical equipment; (2) characterization of the seismic hazard (i.e., determination of peak ground acceleration vs return period for each site); and (3) evaluation of seismic capacity to determine ground motion levels at which critical structures and equipment fail. The failure evaluation used structural capacities of median-centered strength characteristics of the as-built configurations from (1) and seismic hazard input from (2). Results of the assessment were partial input for an overall natural risks study by the NRC.

Research on the fabrication of efficient amorphous silicon solar cells is reported. Work on the deposition of a-Si:H films by sputtering is described. Other areas under scrutiny include (a) degree and effect of oxygen and/or argon incorporation into the films, (b) dopant transfer from target to films, (c) dopant and alloy ion-implantation effects, and (d) film annealing behavior. Results to date are presented. (WHK)

Umtanum Ridge in south-central Washington is the topographic expression of a complex anticline within the Yakima Fold system in the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group. The Yakima Fold system, which is partly contained within the Hanford Site, is an example of a layered basalt sequence folded near the surface of the earth. The Pasco Basin stratigraphic nomenclature is used in this repot. Rockwelll Hanford Operations, under contract to the US Department of Energy, is investigating the feasibility of therminal high-level nuclear waste storage in mined repositories in basalt beneath the Hanford Site. Because thereis essentially no basalt within the Site that has not been involved in some folding, any potential location for a repository will be either on the limbs or near the hinge zone of a Yakima Fold structure. Umtanum Ridge is the best exposed Yakima Fold structure in the vicinity of the Site for studying the nature and three-dimensional style of deformation of a multilayered basalt sequence. The structural geometry, distribution of strain within the Umtanum structure and deformational mechanisms of the Umtanum Ridge are discussed.

Both the North Dakota lignite and New Mexico sub-bituminous coal have been hydrogasified in the Flash Hydropyrolysis unit with yields ranging up to about 85 to 90% conversion of the available carbon at 2500 psi and 875 to 900/sup 0/C. The lignite appears to be less reactive at lower pressure than the sub-bituminous coal, producing an average of 40% gaseous yield at 1000 psi and 900/sup 0/C while the sub-bituminous produced over 50%. The reactivity of both coals is dependent on the hydrogen partial pressure but does not appear to be affected by H/sub 2//coal feed ratio. When the H/sub 2//coal ratio was reduced to 0.05 and sub-bituminous coal was run at 2500 psi and 875/sup 0/C, a high methane concentration of 57% was achieved. However, the yield or conversion of carbon to gas was limited to 30% which may be attributed to the reduction in hydrogen partial pressure during the run. Further work is being planned to obtain additional data at the lower pressure and H/sub 2//coal feed ratios. Illinois No. 6 coal, a caking bituminous, has been successfully run in the experimental equipment both treated with calcium and untreated. A reaction model, previously developed, has been modified and …

Diesel engines with imporved thermal efficiency and fuel economy or flexibility will be required to meet automotive energy conservation goals. These goals can be met by minimizing engine heat loss to the coolant, i.e., by the use of a thermal insulating barrier on the interior surfaces of the combustion space. The development and testing of ceramic coatings for diesel engine components are discussed. These coatings include oxides of Al, Cr, Zr, Mg, Si, Ti, and Ca, and Mo and Ch carbides. Data on their application and thermodynamic and wear characteristics are presented. It was concluded that, although the spraying processes used have not been optimized, plasma-spray technology has made it possible to coat diesel engine parts with ceramic materials. Preliminary results show that, relative to valves and piston crowns: stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ coating under certain conditions increases the working life of various components; higher combustion temperature may improve the thermal efficiency by increased turbocharger air delivery; reduction in the component temperatures decreases the thermal stresses; the ZrO/sub 2/.MgO shows improved corrosion resistance in combustion gases compared to ZrO/sub 2/.Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and ZrO/sub 2/.CaO; the limitations of the coatings have to be defined in more detail; and the adherence of …

The closed tube horizontal growth method has been pursued for the growth of single crystals of Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/. The rate of material transport was increased by increasing the temperature difference between source and growth regions and by decreasing the distance involved. A boule with only 2 grains in a 12 mm diameter has been obtained. The as-grown resistivity of this single crystal Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ was 50 ohm-cm, which was reduced to 10 ohm-cm by subsequent annealing in hydrogen at 410/sup 0/C. Initial ZnO/Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ (CVD deposition of ZnO) and CdS/Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ (CdS by vacuum evaporation) heterostructures were fabricated using small samples of single crystal Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ sent from Tony Catalano at Delaware. Not surprisingly, only small photoresponse was obtained with these totally experimental cells. Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ films deposited on glass by CSVT were shown to be amorphous whereas those deposited on single crystal CdS were polycrystalline. Indeed several samples showed appreciable large-grain columnar growth at an angle to the substrate plane. Laser annealing was shown to have dramatic effects in crystallizing Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ films deposited on Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film substrates on sngle crystal Si. Thin films of Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ were deposited …

An electromagnetic shower detector consisting of lead glass blocks and scintillator hodoscopes was constructed. During calibration runs detector resolutions were measured for single incident electrons. Performance of the detector for ..pi../sup 0/ and multi-photon showers, including sizable backgrounds, was studied during actual data runs. This detector was used in Fermilab Experiment 451.

In situ regeneration of surface areas of sintered carbon supported platinum electrodes in 85% H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/ at 150/sup 0/C was studied. The kinetics of oxygen reduction on platinum in trifluoromethane sulfonic acid was investigated. Overpotentials in solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells were studied. Results are presented and discussed. Also, a survey of the status of studies of phosphoric acid and molten carbonate fuel cells is described. (WHK)

The quantity of alcohol required to supply all of the US Department of Energy's vehicular fleet test fuel needs during the period fiscal year 1980 through 1982 could reach on the order of 1.5 and 1.6 million gallons per year of 200 proof ethanol and fuel-grade methanol, respectively. During the time frame of fiscal year 1982 through 1987, vehicular fleet testing fuel needs could approach 8 and 10 million gallons per year of ethanol and methanol, respectively. In terms of supply, all of the ethanol fleet test fuel requirements can be satisfied by domestic fermentation ethanol from non-petroleum/non-natural gas resources. Initially, the major ethanol fermentation firms are potentially capable of supplying the necessary quantity of ethanol. As the test project progresses and fleet size expands, the outlook for ethanol supply from the major firms as well as from other private sources, both existing and planned, is very promising. This supply outlook could be altered significantly if an expanding Gasohol market demands a major portion of the available ethanol production. It is in the Federal Government's best interest to arrange for ethanol supply agreements as soon as possible so that fleet test volume requirements can be assured. The supply situation for …

This report deals with the properties of relative turbulence intensities, turbulent spectra and frequency distributions over uniform and complex terrain. As to intensities of turbulence, the report concentrates on properties of sigma/sub u//u/sub */, sigma/sub v//u/sub */, sigma/sub w//u/sub */, where the sigma's are the standard deviations of the longitudinal, transverse and vertical velocity components, respectively, and u/sub */ is the friction velocity. Given these ratios, relative turbulent intensities (such as sigma/sub u//U, where U is the wind speed) can be obtained with the standard wind profile formulae. Such formulae, though developed for homogeneous terrain, may turn out to be useful over complex terrain, provided u/sub */, is taken to be the friction velocity at the surface.

Estimates of some energy and environmental impacts for five different energy-conservation measures (district heating, industrial cogeneration, retrofit, rate reform, and vehicle redesign) were prepared for two different regions (Middle Atlantic and Pacific) and two different time periods (1985 and 2000) based upon data presented in regional reference energy systems developed at BNL. Results of the analysis indicate that regional energy use can be reduced by <1 to 6%. Vehicle redesign produces the greatest oil savings. Retrofit and district heating can each reduce oil and natural gas use. Industrial cogeneration can significantly reduce use of fuels consumed in central-station electricity production (e.g., coal and nuclear) but at an energy penalty incurred by industry: increased dependence on oil and natural gas could result. Rate reform and retrofit each reduce emissions production in rough proportion to the quantities of energy saved. Vehicle redesign reduces only supply sector emissions; end-use emissions are not affected even though gasoline use significantly decreases. District heating may reduce regional emissions but increase local emission burdens where waste heat is being produced. Local air quality need not be adversely affected, although long-range-transport potential increases. The district-heating concept may also have important effects on future power-plant siting options. Depending on …

Data relative to proton and pion production produced in central collisions have been reviewed by S. Nagamiya. Therefore, the production of complex fragments is emphasized here. A presentation is made of experimental data on d, t, /sup 3/He emission and their discussion in terms of the existing models. The size of fireball derived from the analysis of complex fragments is compared to the results of pion interferometry experiment. Interesting features observed in the distribution of charged particles once an heavy fragment has been detected are reported. Finally, suggestions of phenomena to study with a 4..pi.. detector are given.

Recent experimental approaches for measurement of dry surface fluxes of sulfur compounds are reviewed and discussed with emphasis on surface layer studies. Evidence indicates that natural surfaces are sources as well as sinks for sulfur. Field results are related to requirements and implications in future studies of surface sulfur fluxes.

The physical and economic availability of land and water resources for energy farming were determined. Ten water subbasins possessing favorable land and water availabilities were ranked according to their overall potential for biomass production. The study results clearly identify the Southeast as a favorable area for biomass farming. The Northwest and North-Central United States should also be considered on the basis of their highly favorable environmental characteristics. Both high and low estimates of water availability for 1985 and 2000 in each of 99 subbasins were prepared. Subbasins in which surface water consumption was more than 50% of surface water supply were eliminated from the land availability analysis, leaving 71 subbasins to be examined. The amount of acreage potentially available for biomass production in these subbasins was determined through a comparison of estimated average annual net returns developed for conventional agriculture and forestry with net returns for several biomass production options. In addition to a computerized method of ranking subbasins according to their overall potential for biomass production, a methodology for evaluating future energy farm locations was developed. This methodology included a general area selection procedure as well as specific site analysis recommendations. Thirty-five general factors and a five-step site-specific analysis …

During this period, work continued on studies of three manufacturing sequences for solar cells based on ion-implanted junctions, furnace annealing, screen-printed contacts, and spray-on antireflection (AR) coatings. The starting material has been primarily solar-grade, n- and p-type 3-in.-diameter wafers; in addition, a small quantity of dendritic web has been received. A total of 1500 solar cells has been fabricated and evaluated. As a result of this work, two problems areas have not been identified relating to materials and process compatibility. First, screen-printed thick-film inks do not contact ion-implanted junctions as well as diffused junctions. Second, it was found that the previously determined optimum ion implantation/anneal process must be modified to accommodate the starting silicon material. Discounting the above compatibility problems, evaluations and comparisons of the three manufacturing sequences were made with regard to the performance data accumulated for each sequence and its effect on cost-effectiveness. In cell interconnection and panel assembly, a solder reflow process has been demonstrated in which the cells are individually tabbed and then placed in an array which is soldered by means of a bank of infrared lamps which traverse the array. With the present system, this latter process is accomplished at a rate of 1 …