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1991 Yearly calibration of Pacific Northwest Laboratory's gross gamma-ray borehole geophysical logging system
This report describes the 1991 yearly calibration of a gross gamma-ray geophysical pulse logging system owned by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and operated by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The calibration was conducted to permit the continued use of this system for geologic and hydrologic studies associated with remedial investigations at the Hanford Site. Primary calibrations to equivalent uranium units were conducted in DOE borehole model standards that reside on the Hanford Site. The calibrations were performed in borehole models SBL/SBH and SBA/SBB, which contain low-equivalent uranium concentrations. Correlations were established based on two similar approaches for relating observed count rate in before- and after-logging field calibrations to equivalent uranium concentrations. A new field source (Ra-20S-82) was fabricated to replace the old source (Ra-20S-204), whose activity led to variable field calibration results previously caused by a nonfixed geometry. A cross-calibration study was performed to compare the operation of the new source relative to the old source. A digitally based collection/recording system was recently acquired, so that many of the procedures were performed with the old analog system and the new digital system to compare the performance of the digital system. 7 refs., 2 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Arthur, R.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetics of reversible-sequestration of leukocytes by the isolated perfused rat lung
The kinetics and morphology of sequestration and margination of rat leukocytes were studied using an isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung preparation. Whole rat blood, bone marrow suspension, or leukocyte suspensions, were used to perfuse the isolated rat lung. The lung was also perfused with latex particle suspensions and the passage of particles through the lung capillaries was studied. When a leukocyte suspension was perfused through the lung in the single-pass mode, the rate of sequestration decreased as more cells were perfused. In contrast, latex particles of a size comparable to that of leukocytes were totally stopped by the lung. When the leukocyte suspension was recirculated through the lung, cells were rapidly removed from circulation until a steady state was reached, after which no net removal of cells by the lung occurred. These results indicate that leukocytes are reversibly sequestered from circulation. The sequestered cells marginated and attached to the luminal surface of the endothelium of post-capillary venules and veins. A mathematical model was developed based on the assumption that the attachment and detachment of leukocytes to blood vessel walls follows first-order kinetics. The model correctly predicts the following characteristics of the system: (a) the kinetics of the sequestration of …
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Goliaei, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced ion backscattering near 180/sup 0/ scattering angles in the two-atom scattering model. [Ion scattering from solids]
An analytical two-atom scattering model has been developed to treat the recent discovery of the enhancement near 180/sup 0/ of Rutherford backscattering yields from disordered solids. In contrast to conventional calculations of Rutherford backscattering that treat scattering from a single atom only (the backscattering atom), the present model includes the interaction of a second atom lying between the target surface and the backscattering atom. The projectile ion makes a glancing collision with this second atom both before and after it is backscattered. A weighted average is made over all possible positions of this second atom. The model predicts an enhancement effect whose physical origin arises from the tolerance of path for those ions whose ingoing and outgoing trajectories lie in the vicinity of the critical impact parameter. Results using Moliere scattering show how the yield enhancement depends on ion energy, backscattering depth, exit angle, scattering potential, atomic numbers of the projectile and target, and target density. In the model the critical impact parameter and critical angle play important roles. It is shown that these quantities depend on a single dimensionless parameter and formulas accurate to better than 1% are given for them.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Oen, O.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field calculation algorithm for general beam distributions
This note is a summary of the algorithm used in our recent paper on the coherent beam-beam interaction. The goal of the work was to study coherent beam-beam interactions, and the development needed was to avoid using the expression for the beam-beam generated fields that assumes a Gaussian beam distribution. Because of our interest in round beams the algorithm was developed for use with beams that are approximately round. We believe there is a similar approach for flat beams, but the Fourier series discussed below probably isn't the right basis for expansion. 10 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Krishnagopal, S. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)) & Siemann, R. (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sensitive and simple method for measuring wire tensions
Measuring tension of wires in drift chambers and multiwire proportional chambers after construction is an important process because sometimes wires get loose after soldering, crimping or glueing. One needs to sort out wires which have tensions below a required minimum value to prevent electrostatic instabilities. There have been several methods reported on this subject in which the wires were excited either with sinusoidal current under magnetic field or with sinusoidal voltage electrostatically coupled to the wire, searching for a resonating frequency with which the wires vibrate mechanically. Then the vibration is detected either visually, optically or with magnetic pick-up directly touching the wires. Any of these is only applicable to the usual multiwire chamber which has open access to the wire plane. They also need fairly large excitation currents to induce a detectable vibration to the wires. Here we report a very simple method that can be used for any type of wire chamber or proportional tube system for measuring wire tension. Only a very small current is required for the wire excitation to obtain a large enough signal because it detects the induced emf voltage across a wire. A sine-wave oscillator and a digital voltmeter are sufficient devices aside …
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Atac, M. & Mishina, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
REACTOR LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
An exposition is presented comprising a basic set of experiments in reactor physics, engineering, and technology developed by the International Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering. Twenty-two experiments are included in a program which may be divided into groups associated with the Argonaut Reactor, the AGN-201 Reactor, and with other reactors or auxiliary equipment. (J.R.D.)
Date:
August 1, 1961
Creator:
Sturm, W.J. ed.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial fuel gas demonstration plant program. Overall program plan for Task IX. Technical support. Volume I. Plan, schedule and organization. (Deliverable No. 46)
The Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant Program (MLGW/DOE), Contract ET-77-C-01-2582, has been slowed due to lack of an adequate data base for demonstration plant design. This design data base is to be developed by Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) at their U-GAS pilot plant. While initial data and operating results from the pilot plant have been encouraging, ash-balanced operation with coal using the technique of ash agglomeration has proven to be more difficult than originally envisioned. Ash must be removed from the gasifier at the same rate as it is being fed to achieve overall ash balance. Adequate ash balance has been achieved by bed withdrawal, but in order to attain high levels of carbon utilization, preferential removal of high-ash material from the gasifier will be required. It is the conclusion of all parties involved that the operating parameters necessary to achieve ash balance and high carbon utilization must be demonstrated at the pilot plant level before a full scale demonstration plant design effort is started. IGT, with guidance from the program Steering Committee and assistance from the Technical Sub-Committee has re-evaluated its efforts under Task IX, Technical Support. With a critical assessment of data generated to date and an …
Date:
August 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Composition of phytoplankton communities and their contribution to secondary productivity in Carolina Bays on the Savannah River Plant
The overall goal of the this three year project is to determine the importance of phytoplankton (microscopic algae) as a component of the food chain base in SRS cardine bays. To summarize specific year three results: Total phytoplankton abundance in Flamingo bay was greatest during early spring 1989, declined during spring and summer, but increased again during early fall. Most of this phytoplankton density was composed of genus Chlamydomonas sp. Ellenton bay demonstrated a similar decline in phytoplankton numbers during midspring 1989, but increased in density during midsummer. As observed in Flamingo bay, much of this variation was due to changes in Chlamydomonas sp. numbers. In Flamingo bay the blue-green alga Anabaena sp. was low in concentration throughout the 1989 flooded season until August, however the diatom Pinnularia sp. displayed a pattern of abundance similar to Chlamydomonas sp. In Ellenton bay Pinnularia sp. peaked during early summer and Anabaena sp. reached highest densities in late spring. For zooplankton in Flamingo bay, the calanoid copepods were higher in early and late spring, similar to the cyclopoid copepods. Cladocera in Ellenton bay were highest in numbers during May 1989, while cladocera in Flamingo bay displayed patterns similar to Flamingo bay cyclopoid copepods. …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Williams, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Specific Heat of Dysprosium Metal Between 0.4 and 4 K
Submitted to Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. A He/sup 3/ cryostat was built to measure the specific heat of rare earth metals which have a component, at low temperatures, attributable to the electrons in the incomplete 4f shell. The specific heat of dysprosium from 0.4 to 4.2 deg K was measured. Pertinent theories about specific heats are outlined. The apparatus included the cryostat, vacuum and He/sup 3/ systems, calorimeter, carbon thermometer, heater, and magnetic thermometer. The experimental procedure is described and results are presented in graphic and tabular form. The specific heat rose sharply below 1 deg K. An anomalous hump was centered about 2.35 deg K. (M.C.G.)
Date:
August 1, 1962
Creator:
Guenther, R. A.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Personnel neutron dosimetry at Department of Energy facilities
This study assesses the state of personnel neutron dosimetry at DOE facilities. A survey of the personnel dosimetry systems in use at major DOE facilities was conducted, a literature search was made to determine recent advances in neutron dosimetry, and several dosimetry experts were interviewed. It was concluded that personnel neutron dosimeters do not meet current needs and that serious problems exist now and will increase in the future if neutron quality factors are increased and/or dose limits are lowered.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Brackenbush, L.W.; Endres, G.W.R.; Selby, J.M. & Vallario, E.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tests of quantum electrodynamics in few-electron very high-Z ions
This article discusses our measurement of the Lamb shift in heliumlike uranium and outlines future tests of QED using few- electron very high atomic number (Z) ions. Our recently reported Lamb shift value of 70.4 (8.1) eV for the one- electron Lamb shift in uranium is in agreement with the theoretical value of 75.3 (0.4) eV. The experimental value was extracted from a beam-foil time-of-flight measurement of the 54.4 (3.3) ps lifetime of the 1s2p/sub 1/2/ /sup 3/P/sub 0/ state of heliumlike uranium. 24 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Gould, H. & Munger, C.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two phase cooling for superconducting magnets
A closed circuit tubular cooling system for superconducting magnets offers advantages of limiting boiloff and containing high pressures during quenches. Proper location of automatic valves to lower pressures and protect the refrigerator in the event of quenches is described. Theoretical arguments and exprimental evidence are given against a previously suggested method to determine He two phase flow regimes. If loss of flow occurs due to some types of refrigeration failure and transfer lines have enough heat leak to warm up, quenches are induced when the flow is restored. Examples are taken from experience with the TPC magnet.
Date:
August 1, 1985
Creator:
Eberhard, P. H.; Gibson, G. A.; Green, M. A.; Ross, R. R.; Smits, R. G.; Taylor, J. D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN A CYLINDRICAL PINCH TUBE
Magnetic field measurements in a cylindrical linear pinch tube with probes are described. Tests are performed with a discharge current frequency of 20 kilocycles in nitrogen at an initial pressure of 0.1 mm Hg. Initial capacitor voltage is varied from 1000 to 5000 volts. The magnetic field distribution, the radial current distribution, and the current density in the pinch tube are described. The discharges are concluded to be symmetric above 2000 volts. The symmetric discharges have distinct characteristics. At the start of the discharge, current flows near the outer periphery of the pinch tube. A portion of the current concentrates in a thin shell which moves toward the axis at a high velocity. The remainder of the current flows between the rapidly advancing shell and the outer radius of the pinch tube. After the formation of the first shell a second shell may form and move toward the axis. (auth)
Date:
August 1, 1961
Creator:
Donner, T. & Aronowitz, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Molten salt freeze seal. Final report
This report documents the results of the testing performed at Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the applicability of a sodium freeze seal type valve stem in a molten salt environment. The freeze seal tests consisted of cycling the valve stem at set temperature intervals, checking the temperature distribution for freeze plug location, and verifying the actuator forces. In addition to the test results, this report also documents the engineering analysis and other tasks performed before testing to form a basis for predicted test conditions and recommendations for the test program.
Date:
August 1, 1985
Creator:
Corugedo, J.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of environmental issues related to small scale hydroelectric development. II. Design considerations for passing fish upstream around dams. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 1567
The possible requirement of facilities to move migrating fish upstream around dams may be a factor in determining the feasibility of retrofitting small dams for hydroelectric generation. Basic design considerations are reported that should be evaluated on a site-specific basis if upstream fish passage facilities are being considered for a small scale hydroelectric project (defined as an existing dam that can be retrofitted to generate 25 MW or less). Information on general life history and geographic distribution of fish species that may require passage is presented. Biological factors important in the design of upstream passage facilities are discussed: gas bubble disease, fish swimming speed, oxygen consumption by fish, and diel and photo behavior. Three general types of facilities (fishways, fish locks, and fish lifts) appropriate for upstream fish passage at small scale hydroelectric projects are described, and size dimensions are presented. General design criteria for these facilities (including fish swimming ability and behavior) and general location of facilities at a site are discussed. Basic cost considerations for each type of passage facility, including unit cost, operation and maintenance costs, and costs for supplying attraction water, are indicated.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Hildebrand, S.G. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Response of Shortgrass Plains Vegetation to Chronic and Seasonally Administered Gamma Radiation
In order to determine the effect of radiation on the structure of native shortgrass plains vegetation, an 8750 Ci 137Cs source was installed on the Central Plains Experimental Range near Nunn, Colorado; The experimental area was divided into 6 treatment sectors, a control, 2 sectors for chronic exposure (irradiation initiated April 1969 and continuing as of August 1971), and one each for spring, summer and late fall seasonal semi-acute (30 day), exposures which were administered during April, July and December, 1969, respectively. Community structure was measured by coefficient of community and diversity index. Yield was determined by clipping plots in September 1970 and visual estimates in September 1969 and 1970 for the grass-sedge component of the vegetation. Individual species sensitivity was determined by density data recorded in April, June and September of 1969 and 1970 and by a phenological index recorded at weekly intervals during the 1969 and 1970 growing seasons. The response of the vegetation was similar whether determined by coefficient of community or diversity with diversity being a more sensitive measure of effects. In the chronically exposed sectors, the exposure rate which resulted in a 50 per cent reduction in these 2 parameters (CC50 or D50) was still …
Date:
August 1, 1971
Creator:
Fraley, L. Jr.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Applications of the MEVVA high current metal ion source
A new kind of ion source has been developed in which a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) is used to produce the plasma from which the ion beam is extracted. The novel and exciting feature of this source is the very high metal ion beam current attainable. A total ion beam current of over 1 Ampere has been extracted from the embodiment of the concept that we're presently using, and this is not a limit of the method. The source was developed to upgrade the uranium ion beam intensity of the Bevatron, LBL's heavy ion synchrotron, for basic nuclear physics research. Other important applications include its use within the Heavy Ion Fusion research effort; for ion implantation; and for other basic research uses. In this paper the source is described briefly, its performance outlined, and its poential and limitations for a variety of applications is discussed.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Brown, I.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PINCH EFFECT FOR SPACE PROPULSION
The phenomenon of the electromagnetic pinch effect is used to accelerate ionized gases for space propulsion. Electrical energy, initially stored in capacitors, is discharged across two nozzle shaped electrodes wherein the radial pinch is converted to axial motion of the effected gases instead of confinement at the axis. The gas dynamics of a pinch using the hydrodynamical model of a msgnetic piston driving a shock wave is combined with the electrodynamics of the circuit to calculate the discharge behavior. Experiments on three different electrode designs are discussed and results compared with calculated values. Results are applied to one particular space propulsion system consisting of a nuclear energy source, a space radiator, a turbine-generator, capacitor, and a pinch tube. The specific mission analyzed is a one-way unmanned flight to a Mars orbit, starting from an Earth orbit. (auth)
Date:
August 1, 1959
Creator:
Kunen, A.E. & McIlroy, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery System development. Semiannual report, February 1-July 31, 1982
The Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery (FBWHR) System is designed to preheat this combustion air using the heat available in dirty flue gas streams. In this system, a recirculating medium is heated by the flue gas in a fluidized bed. The hot medium is then removed from the bed and placed in a second fluidized bed where it is fluidized by the combustion air. Through this process, the combustion air is heated. The cooled medium is then returned to the first bed. Initial development of this concept is for the aluminum smelting industry.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Cole, W. E.; DeSaro, R.; Griffith, J. & Joshi, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Orientation study of the Lake Sunapee area, New Hampshire. National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program
An orientation study was conducted in the area of Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, in preparation for a hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance in glacial terrain. The study was carried out by the Savannah River Laboratory as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE). Ground water, lake water, stream water, lake sediment, and stream sediment samples were collected at 188 sites. The concentrations of uranium and other elements were determined by neutron activation analysis. This report is issued in draft form, without detailed technical and copy editing. This was done to make the report available to the public before the end of the NURE program.
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Karfunkel, B. S. & Sargent, K. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low enrichment fuel conversion for Iowa State University
Work during the reported period was centered primarily in preparation for receiving the LEU fuel and the shipping of the HEU fuel. This included development of procedures and tools for the disassembly process. During the period we held many practice sessions applying these tools and practices to a dummy fuel assembly. The LEU fuel was received on April 10, 1991 and the reactor was shut down on May 3, 1991 for refueling. The twelve HEU fuel assemblies in the UTR-10 reactor core were removed and disassembled during the week of May 6--9, 1991. The disassembly process went smoothly with only a few minor problems. Also during this reporting period several experimental measurements and preventative maintenance tasks were accomplished. Finally procedures and practices have been developed for the new LEU fuel loading and critical experiments which are to be completed during the late summer of 1991.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Rohach, A.F. & Hendrickson, R.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fabrication and characterization of MCC approved testing material: ATM-11 glass
ATM-11 glass is designed to be representative of defense high-level waste glasses that will be produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility at the Savannah River Plant in Aiken, South Carolina. It is representative of a 300-year-old nuclear waste glass and was intended as a conservative compromise between 10-year-old waste and 1000-year-old waste. The feedstock material for this glass was supplied by Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, as SRL-165 black frit to which was added Ba, Cs, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pd, Rb, Ru, Sr, Te, Y, and Zr, as well as /sup 241/Am, /sup 237/Np, /sup 239+240/Pu, /sup 151/Sm, /sup 99/Tc, and depleted U. The glass was melted under the reducing conditions that resulted from the addition of 0.7 wt% graphite during the final melting process. Nearly 3 kg of ATM-11 glass were produced from a feedstock melted in a nitrogen-atmosphere glove box at 1250/sup 0/C in Denver Fire Clay crucibles. After final melting, the glass was formed into stress-annealed rectangular bars 1.9 x 1.9 x 10 cm nominal size. Twenty-six bars were cast with a nominal weight of about 100 g each. The analyzed composition of ATM-11 glass is tabulated. Examination of a single transverse section from one bar …
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Wald, J. W. & Daniel, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ECH propagation and absorption experiments at 140 GHz in MTX
Single pass absorption experiments using fundamental, O-mode ECH waves have been performed in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) and found to be consistent with linear absorption theory, as predicted for the ECH source which is a 140 GHz, 400 kW CW gyrotron. These experiments provide the basis for comparison with future Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiments in which the absorption is predicted to be in the non-linear regime for P{sub FEL} {ge} 1 GW. The gyrotron power is coupled into a quasi-optical transmission line to the tokamak by a Vlasov antenna. The input power is measured by calorimeters located just outside the injection port and on the vacuum wall opposite the port. For plasma shots, the total transmitted power and its profile are measured. Temporal analysis of the thermistor signals compared with a heat diffusion model for the tiles gives the spatial profile of transmitted power. These measurements are compared with the stored energy increase by diamagnetism measurements, 3-D vacuum fields calculations and ray-tracing calculations of the transmitted power. 5 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Fenstermacher, M. E.; Allen, S. L.; Casper, T. A.; Foote, J. H.; Hooper, E. B.; Johnston, S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar heating system at Security State Bank, Starkville, Mississippi. Final report
Information is provided on the Solar Energy Heating System (airtype) installed at the branch bank building, northwest corner of Highway 12 and Spring Street, Starkville, Mississippi. This installation was completed in June, 1979. The 312 square feet of Solaron flat plate air collectors provide for 788 square feet of space heating, an estimated 55 percent of the heating load. Solar heated air is distributed to the 96 cubic foot steel cylinder, which contains two inch diameter rocks. An air handler unit moves the air over the collector and into the steel cylinder. Four motorized dampers and two gravity dampers are also part of the system. A Solaron controller which has sensors located at the collectors, rock storage, and at the return air, automatically controls the system. Auxiliary heating energy is provided by electric resistance duct heaters. This project is part of the US Department of Energy's Solar Demonstration Program with the government sharing $14,201 of the $17,498 solar energy system installation cost. This system was acceptance tested February, 1980, and the demonstration period ends in 1985.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library