This list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.

This report contains a list of readings focuses on the current state of the U.S. economic relationship with Japan. A general, introductory section is followed by citations discussing specific Japanese business practices and trade policies which have an impact on the relationship. The bibliography also describes trade trends in specific sectors (including commentaries on the semiconductor agreement) and concludes with a section on policy options.

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Good bread requires the right ingredients.."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Trays of uncooked loaves await the oven.."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Bread is often called "the staff of life and for many , it would 't be a meal without it.."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Don Coffin kneads the dough .."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Mary Grace, Dick Kerrick Jackie Jones and Kay Goebel, from left were among the guests at the outdoor buffet dinner."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Joshua Hubbard, 3, gets a dental screening from Dr. Stan Crawford during a recent Just for Kids children's clinic at St. Anthony Hospital."

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company.

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Sen. Al Gore, D-Tenn., Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton's running mate, addresses the crowd that greeted him Saturday at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Parent Dionne Mooreland checks the fit of uniforms on her children Millwood second-grader Tremaine McDonald, 7, and kindergartner Zsizsi McDonald, 6, during sizing sessions at the school."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Bob Rose, Chris Bastian, Bert Cooper and Terri Drew, from left, enjoy the outdoor evening."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Business and the Arts Awards jurors James Tolbert III; George Singer, Tulsa; and Cindy Denmark, Kansas City, Mo., from left, visit at the buffet dinner given in their honor."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "As she celebrates her 100th birthday Aug. 1 at the University Club in Norman, Julie Beeler Smith seated center, of Norman, is surrounded by family and friends, who are, standing from left, retired U.S. Navy Capt. Jay B. Smith, Donald S. Kingery; and seated. from left Rollie Lemons, 4, held by Karyn L. Lemons; Julie Smith; Brenda L. Kingery; Kelli Lemons, 1 1 / 2; and Samantha Kingery, 4."

An essential part of the license application for a geologic repository will be the demonstration of compliance with the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency. The performance assessments that produce the demonstration must rely on models of various levels of detail. The most detailed of these models are needed for understanding thoroughly the complex physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of the system. For studying the behavior of major components of the system, less detailed models are often useful. For predicting the behavior of the total system, models of a third kind may be needed. These models must cover all the important processes that contribute to the behavior of the system, because they must estimate the behavior under all significant conditions for 10,000 years. In addition, however, computer codes that embody these models must calculate very rapidly because of the EPA standard`s requirement for probabilistic estimates, which will be produced by sampling thousands of times from probability distributions of parameters. For this reason, the total-system models must be less complex than the detailed-process and subsystem models. The total-system performance is evaluated through modeling of the following components: Radionuclide release from the engineered-barrier system. Fluid flow in the geologic …

The INTRAVAL Project which started in October, 1987, was designed to be an international cooperation project and is managed by the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate. The project was to undertake the issue of what constitutes a validated model in terms of repository performance assessment. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 10CFR60.21 requires an explanation of measures used to support the models utilized in the assessment of performance which are included in the License Application. The NRC Nureg 0856, ``Final Technical Position on Documentation of Computer Codes for High Level Waste Management`` defines the term validation to be, ``assurance that a model as embodied in a computer code is a correct representation of the process or system for which it is intended. The notion of validating that a code accurately represents the operational physical processes at a given site has turned out to be a very difficult endeavor. Especially for sites such as Yucca Mountain where the flow regime is poorly known. There is currently no mathematical description of unsaturated flow in fractured -- porous media which the majority of the scientific community can support with confidence. Further, all overall performance calculations performed to date by the US DOE assume …

This paper describes methods for evaluating perception-based economic impacts resulting from siting hazardous waste facilities. Socioeconomic impact analysis has devoted increasing attention to the potential implications of changed public perceptions of risk due to an activity or situation. This contrasts with traditional socioecconomic impact analysis, which has been limited to measuring direct and indirect consequences of activities, e.g., the employment effects of placing a military base in a specified location. Approaches to estimating economic impacts due to changes in public perceptions are ex ante or ex post. The former predict impacts prior to the construction and operation of a facility, while the later is based on impacts that become evident only when the facility is up and running. The theoretical foundations and practical requirements for demonstrating impacts, resulting from the siting of a hazardous facility are described. The theoretical rationale supporting the study of perceived risk research is presented along with discussion of problems that arise in demonstrating the existence and measuring the quantitative importance of economic impacts due to changes in perceived risk. The high-level nuclear waste facility being considered in Nevada is presented as an example in which there is potential for impacts, but where the link between …

Volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain, Nevada aie being assessed for their suitability as a potential repository for high-level nuclear waste. Recent progress in modeling fluid-rock interactions, in particular the mineralogical and chemical changes that may accompany waste disposal at Yucca Mountain, will be reviewed in this publication. In Part 1 of this publication, ``Geochemical Modeling of Clinoptilolite-Water Interactions,`` solid-solution and cation-exchange models for the zeolite clinoptilolite are developed and compared to experimental and field observations. At Yucca Mountain, clinoptilolite which is found lining fractures and as a major component of zeolitized tuffs, is expected to play an important role in sequestering radionuclides that may escape from a potential nuclear waste repository. The solid-solution and ion-exchange models were evaluated by comparing predicted stabilities and exchangeable cation distributions of clinoptilolites with: (1) published binary exchange data; (2) compositions of coexisting clinoptilolites and formation waters at Yucca Mountain; (3) experimental sorption isotherms of Cs and Sr on zeolitized tuff, and (4) high temperature experimental data. Good agreement was found between predictions and expertmental data, especially for binary exchange and Cs and Sr sorption on clinoptilolite. Part 2 of this publication, ``Geochemical Simulation of Fluid-Rock Interactions at Yucca Mountain,`` describes preliminary numerical simulations of …

Historical and projected inventories of spent fuel from commercial light-water nuclear reactors exhibit diverse decay characteristics and ages. This report summarizes a preliminary reexamination of a method for determining equivalent thermal loads for the range of spent fuel expected at a potential underground repository. The method, known at the Equivalent Energy Density (EED) concept, bases its equivalence criteria on the assumption that a given waste will produce worst-case thermomechanical effects equal to worst-case thermomechanical effects produced by a baseline waste, provided that the thermal energy deposited in the host rock over a specified deposition period is the same for both waste descriptions. To test this assumption, temperature histories at representative locations within the host rock were calculated using layouts defined by the EED concept and four deposition periods (20, 50, 100, and 300 years). It was found that the peak temperatures at near-field locations were best matched by the shorter deposition periods of 20 and 50 years. However, due to the sensitivity of the near-field environment to short-term canister-to-canister interactions, caution,should be used when choosing a near-field deposition period. At the location chosen to represent the far-field, a 300-year deposition period provided reasonable correspondence of peak temperature responses for all …

The US Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to conduct a program to characterize groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), Nye County, Nevada, in accordance with a 1987 DOE memorandum stating that all past, present, and future nuclear test sites would be treated as Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) sites (Memorandum from Bruce Green, Weapons Design and Testing Division, June 6, 1987). DOE has prepared an environmental assessment (DOE/EA-0532) to evaluate the environmental consequences associated with the proposed action, referred to as the Groundwater Characterization Project (GCP). This proposed action includes constructing access roads and drill pads, drilling and testing wells, and monitoring these wells for the purpose of characterizing groundwater at the NTS. Long-term monitoring and possible use of these wells in support of CERCLA, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, is also proposed. The GCP includes measures to mitigate potential impacts on sensitive biological, cultural and historical resources, and to protect workers and the environment from exposure to any radioactive or mixed waste materials that may be encountered. DOE considers those mitigation measures related to sensitive biological, cultural and historic resources as essential to render the impacts of the proposed action not …

A sensor-based intelligent control system is described that utilizes a multiple degree-of-freedom robotic system for the automated remote manipulation and precision docking of large payloads such as waste canisters. Computer vision and ultrasonic proximity sensing are used to control the automated precision docking of a large object with a passive target cavity. Real-time sensor processing and model-based analysis are used to control payload position to a precision of {plus_minus} 0.5 millimeter.

This primary objective is to be accomplished by completing the following: (1) A base line design based on previous DOE/PETC results from Wilsonville pilot plant and other engineering evaluations; (2) A cost estimate and economic analysis; (3) A computer model incorporating the above two steps over a wide range of capacities and selected process alternatives; (4) A comprehensive training program for DOE/PETC Staff to understand and use the computer model; (5) A thorough documentation of all underlying assumptions for Baseline economics, and (6) A user manual and training material which will facilitate updating of the model in the future. The progress made during any particular quarter is published in a quarterly report following the duration of the quarter. The report consists of the following four sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Summary; (3) Technical Progress Report (By Tasks); and (4) Key Personnel Staffing Report. This report presents information on capital cost estimates.

LLUVIA-II is a program designed for the efficient solution of two- dimensional transient flow of liquid water through partially saturated, porous media. The code solves Richards equation using the method-of-lines procedure. This document describes the solution procedure employed, input data structure, output, and code verification.

Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics has been generalized to simulate Nonequilibrium systems by adding sources of thermodynamic heat and work. This generalization incorporates microscopic mechanical definitions of macroscopic thermodynamic and hydrodynamic variables, such as temperature and stress, and augments atomistic forces with special boundary, constraint, and driving forces capable of doing work on, and exchanging heat with, an otherwise Newtonian system. The underlying Lyapunov instability of these nonequilibrium equations of motion links microscopic time-reversible deterministic trajectories to macroscopic time-irreversible hydrodynamic behavior as described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Green-Kubo linear-response theory has been checked. Nonlinear plastic deformation, intense heat conduction, shockwave propagation, and nonequilibrium phase transformation have all been simulated. The nonequilibrium techniques, coupled with qualitative improvements in parallel computer hardware, are enabling simulations to approximate real-world microscale and nanoscale experiments.