Data are compiled and graphs are presented for Iran: Crude Oil Capacity, Production and Shut-in, 1974-1980; Saudi Arabia: Crude Oil Capacity, Production and Shut-in, 1974-1980; OPEC (Ex-Iran and Saudi Arabia): Capacity, Production and Shut-in, 1974-1980; Non-OPEC Free World and US Production of Crude Oil, 1973-1980; Oil Stocks: Free World, US, Japan and Europe (landed), 1973-1980; Petroleum Consumption by Industrial Countries, 1973-1980; USSR Crude Oil Production, 1974-1980; Free World and US Nuclear Generation Capacity, 1973-1980; US Imports of Crude Oil and Products, 1973-1980; Landed Cost of Saudi Crude in Current and 1974 Dollars; US Trade in Bituminous Coal, 1973-1980; Summary of US Merchandise Trade, 1976-1980; and Energy/GNP Ratio.

The costs of residential heating throughout the United States using conventional, solar, and geothermal energy were determined under current and projected conditions. These costs are very sensitive to location - being dependent on the local prices of conventional energy supplies, local solar insolation, cimate, and the proximity and temperature of potential geothermal resources. The sharp price increases in imported fuels during 1979 and the planned decontrol of domestic oil and natural gas prices have set the stage for geothermal and solar market penetration in the 1980's.

This Volume II presents engineering feasibility evaluations of the eleven processes for solidification of nuclear high-level liquid wastes (HHLW) described in Volume I of this report. Each evaluation was based in a systematic assessment of the process in respect to six principal evaluation criteria: complexity of process; state of development; safety; process requirements; development work required; and facility requirements. The principal criteria were further subdivided into a total of 22 subcriteria, each of which was assigned a weight. Each process was then assigned a figure of merit, on a scale of 1 to 10, for each of the subcriteria. A total rating was obtained for each process by summing the products of the subcriteria ratings and the subcriteria weights. The evaluations were based on the process descriptions presented in Volume I of this report, supplemented by information obtained from the literature, including publications by the originators of the various processes. Waste form properties were, in general, not evaluated. This document describes the approach which was taken, the developent and application of the rating criteria and subcriteria, and the evaluation results. A series of appendices set forth summary descriptions of the processes and the ratings, together with the complete numerical ratings …

The USDOE, in accordance with its responsibility to encourage research and development in the energy area, awards grants of used energy-related laboratory equipment to universities and colleges and other nonprofit educational institutions of higher learning in the US for use in energy-oriented educational programs in the life, physical, and environmental sciences and engineering. This booklet gives information on eligibility and procedure, typical equipment, and institutional costs, along with a proposal guide and terms and conditions of a grant. Appendixes give addresses as to where to review equipment lists and where to mail proposals for used equipment grants. (RWR)

The behavior of shear-Alfven eigenmodes and the accompanied anomalous transport have been investigated. In the particle simulation, equilibrium thermal fluctuations associated with the eigenmodes have been observed to nullify the zeroth-order shear near the rational surface through the induced second-order eddy current, and, in turn, give rise to the formation of magnetic islands which cause rapid electron energy transport in the region. The theoretical verification of the observed behavior is discussed.

These Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research and development studies were selected for structural, thermal, and vacuum pumping analyses in support of the High Yield Lithium Injection Fusion Energy (HYLIFE) concept development. An additional task provided an outlined program plan for an ICF Engineering Test Facility, using the HYLIFE concept as a model, although the plan is generally applicable to other ICF concepts. The HYLIFE is one promising type of ICF concept which features a falling array of liquid lithium jets. These jets surround the fusion reaction to protect the first structural wall (FSW) of the vacuum chamber by absorbing the fusion energy, and to act as the tritium breeder. The fusion energy source is a deuterium-tritium pellet injected into the chamber every second and driven by laser or heavy ion beams. The studies performed by Grumman have considered the capabilities of specific HYLIFE features to meet life requirements and the requirement to recover to preshot conditions prior to each subsequent shot. The components under investigation were the FSW which restrains the outward motion of the liquid lithium, the nozzle plate which forms the falling jet array, the graphite shield which is in direct top view of the fusion pellet, and …

Information used to evaluate the initial design of the Elcam, Inc., Solar Domestic Hot Water System is presented. Included are such items as the system performance specification, detailed design drawings and other information. Elcam, Inc., has developed two solar heated prototype hot water systems and two heat exchangers. The hot water systems consist of the following subsystems: collector, storage, control, transport, auxiliary energy, and government-furnished Site Data Acquisition. The two systems are installed at Tempe, Arizona, and San Diego, California.

The purpose of this report is to present a structural evaluation of the current bundle divertor particle collector BDPC design under a peak heat flux in relation to criteria that protect against coolant leakage into the plasma over replacement schedules planned during DTHR operation. In addition, an assessment of the BDPC structural integrity at higher heat fluxes is presented. Further, recommendations for modifications in the current BDPC design that would improve design reliability to be considered in future design studies are described. Finally, experimental test programs directed to establishing materials data necessary in providing greater confidence in subsequent structural evaluations of BDPC designs in relation to coolant leakage over planned replacement schedules are identified.

An introduction describes the critical importance of the relativistic electron rings to the EBT concept and the significance of electron-cyclotron heating to the formation and steady state of the rings. The relation and distinctive features of the present work to previous calculations of ring power balance are delineated. The plasma model used as the basis of the calculations is set up. Special emphasis is given to the development and description of a relativistically correct quasilinear expression. Equations for collisional, synchrotron radiation, and bremsstrahlung losses which are necessary for determining steady state annulus temperatures are written down. The energy loss and quasilinear heating equations are adapted to EBT geometry. A detailed accounting is given of spatial locations where quasilinear heating occurs for various electron cyclotron harmonics. The final section makes concluding remarks about the JAYCOR EBT ring model. A brief synopsis is given of the significant points deduced from the model, particularly as they relate to recent EBT experiments. Based on the results, suggestions for future refinements in the JAYCOR ring model are made which can permit improvement in the theoretical description of the EBT ring.

Web silicon ribbon has recently emerged as a material for the production of high efficiency solar cells. Since defects introduced during growth may influence locally minority carrier recombination rates, there is now a need to examine the defect structure in detail and to correlate it with electrical activity. This work describes initial observations made on web material by EBIC and HVEM. Although EBIC investigations have shown that dislocations emerging at the web surface enhance minority carrier recombination rates, their density is low enough (typically 10/sup 5/cm/sup -2/) to have only a small effect on the efficiency of the material as a solar cell. Since a condition for dendritic web growth is that the dendrites contain at least two twin boundaries it is usual to find that some of these boundaries extend into the web. These boundaries are formed parallel to the (111) growth surface and are found to be sites of strong electrical activity. HVEM has been used to study the defect structure at the twin boundary. Two types of dislocation networks lying on different (111) planes have been observed, presumably corresponding to two adjacent twin boundaries.

Measurements of neutron differential elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections have been made for /sup 6/Li, /sup 7/Li, /sup 11/B and /sup 13/C. For /sup 7/Li + n, a multichannel R-matrix analysis has been completed, providing much new structure information for the compound /sup 8/Li system. These results are in very good agreement with recent theoretical model calculations, so that together the two provide considerable advancement in the state of our knowledge of /sup 8/Li. R-matrix analyses of /sup 11/B + n and /sup 13/C + n elastic scattering data have also been completed. For /sup 13/C + n theoretical model calculations have also been carried out and comparisons of these theoretical results with the R-matrix analysis are made. The triplet quadrupole spectrometer (TQS) is now fully operational. Development of new detectors, techniques, data analysis codes and theoretical model codes for use with the TQS system is complete. Measurements of (n,z) cross sections for fusion reactor structural materials e.g. /sup 58/Ni are currently underway. Construction of the long-flight-path tunnel for the swinger magnet facility has begun and development for this facility will continue in the coming year.

Progress in monitoring the Suncatcher solar home is reviewed. The following are included: equipment purchase and preparations, sensor installation, house comfort monitoring, experiments, and natrual gas and electric use. Some data are given. (MHR)

It is pointed out that the impurity ions in rotating toroidal plasmas tend to behave like trapped particles. That may explain the observed fact.

This report discusses the Submerged Demineralizer System (SDS) flowsheet for decontamination of the high-activity-level water at the Three Mile Island Unit 2 Nuclear Power Station was evaluated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in a study that included filtration tests, ion exchange column tests, and ion exchange distribution tests. The contaminated waters, the SDS flowsheet, and the experiments made are described. The experimental results were used to predict the SDS performance and to indicate potential improvements.

A program announcement to support Faculty Development Projects in Energy is presented. The project supported will include summer or in-service workshops for groups of teachers conducted by the grantee institution and staffed by faculty or others selected for their appropriate expertise. Eligible organizations include any accredited 4-year college, university, community college, or 2-year postsecondary technical institution.

Information is provided on the solar heating system installed in a single story wood frame, cedar exterior, sloped roof building, the Quitman County Bank, a branch of the First National Bank of Clarksdale, Mississippi. It is the first solar system in the geographical area and has promoted much interest. The system has on-site temperature and power measurements readouts. The 468 square feet of Solaron air flat plate collectors provide for 2000 square feet of space heating, an estimated 60% of the heating load. Solar heated air is distributed to the 235 cubic foot rock storage box or to the load (space heating) by a 960 cubic feet per minute air handler unit. A 7.5 ton Carrier air-to-air heat pump with 15 kilowatts of electric booster strips serve as a back-up (auxiliary) to the solar system. Motorized dampers control the direction of airflow and back draft dampers prevent thermal siphoning of conditioned air. The system was turned on in September 1979, and acceptance testing completed in February 1980. This is a Pon Cycle 3 Project with the Government sharing $13,445.00 of the $24,921 Solar Energy System installation cost.

The objective of this program is to investigate the use of Cu/sub 2-x/Se to produce low cost, high efficiency photovoltaic solar cells. The goal is to: (1) develop a polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic device capable of 10% conversion efficiency, and (2) demonstrate feasibility of large scale production at a cost of approximately $0.30/watt. The Cu/sub 2-x/Se films are produced by coevaporation of Cu and Se from separate, individually controlled vapor sources onto heated glass substrates. This method gives greater composition controllability and is readily adaptable to large scale production efforts. Two quartz crystal microbalances are used to separately monitor the Cu and Se deposition rates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the Cu/sub 2-x/Se films have been measured for deposits made on 250/sup 0/C substrates. The optical absorption measurements shows the material having an indirect band gap of 1.4 ev and a direct gap of 2.2 ev. These values are for stoichiometric indices in the range of 0.17 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.26. Hall and conductivity measurements give hole mobilities in the range of 3-7 cm/sup 2//Vsec and hole densities of the order of 4 x 10/sup 22/ cm/sup -3/. For deposits …

Time-differentiated metering of electricity consumption and demand is required in both rate-structure experimentation and the implementation of most time-of-use rate designs. Time-differentiated metering takes three major forms: multi-register watthour meters, magnetic-tape recording meters, and remote automatic meter-reading systems. The majority of projects selected magnetic-tape meters for their flexibility with respect to rate structure, load-survey capabilities, and ready availability. The small-scale, experimental nature of the projects reduced the significance of the large difference in per-unit cost and operational/maintenance complexity between this form of metering and the multi-register form. Magnetic-tape meters are not likely candidates for system-wide implementation of time-differentiated metering. Automatic remote-meter-reading systems were not adequately available during the project years; those projects attempting to use these were unable to bring them to full operational status before project termination, due to the many problems of design, quality control, and equipment acquisition encountered. Delays in acquisition and problems of quality control also followed the selection of magnetic-tape meters and multi-register meters by a number of the projects. Though less complex than automatic remote-reading systems, these technologies are still new and more complex than standard watthour metering. Thus, both equipment vendors and utilities encountered numerous problems in getting properly functioning meters to the …

Experimental and analytical studies of particle and energy loss at the ends of a linear theta pinch have been carried out. A study of transients occurring in the formation of reversed trapped fields within the coil, and of transients in the end region of a 25 cm long device was completed. A 1-D code has proven to be highly accurate in describing loss events and defining transport mechanisms in different experiments and is described here. A study of loss along field lines in a 50 cm long device has generated new information on loss velocity, axial and radial temperature gradients, and has established an initial effort in understanding thermal loss to the walls. Rotation and parallel trapped fields have been added to the existing 0-D code. A new technique crowbar switch and magnetic field prediction code have been developed. Direct measurment of electron velocity with Thomson scattering was accomplished experimentally. A Nd-glass laser system, frequency doubled, is being developed for low density diagnostics. Theoretical results that accurately predict confinement in FRX devices are described.

This report presents the conceptual design of an ETF compatible toroidal field coil, employing helium bath cooled NbTi alloy conductor. The ten TF-coil array generates a peak field of 11-1/2 tesla at 2.87 m radius, corresponding to a major axis field of 6.1 tesla. The 10 kA conductor is an uninsulated, unsoldered Rutherford cable, employing NbTiTa ally as developed in Phase I of this effort. The conductor is encased within a four element frame of stainless steel strips to provide hoop and bearing load support.

This paper describes the magnet and structural design in the following American tokamak devices: the Princeton Large Torus (PLT), the Princeton Divertor Experiment (PDX), and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The Joint European Torus (JET), also presented herein, has a magnet structure evolved from several European programs and, like TFTR, represents state of the art magnet and structure design.

A goal of the national molten carbonate fuel cells program is to develop the capability to use heavy fuel oil or coal liquids as feed stock for fuel cell power plants. These liquid fuels must be reformed to gaseous fuels which are composed mainly of CO, H/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, and H/sub 2/O (and N/sub 2/) for use by the fuel cell. The goal of this program is to understand the mechanism for the formation of soot under conditions relevant to autothermal reformers and to translate this understanding to recommendations for modification of autothermal design. This goal is to be accomplished by a combination of experimental and theoretical tasks. The experimental tasks are to study the mechanisms of soot formation under controlled conditions with gaseous fuels, O/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O, both premixed, and with well-described mixing, with and without catalysts. The theoretical tasks will develop models to describe the experimental data first by detailed chemical and fluid mechanical processes, second by quasiequilibrium models, and finally by scaling laws. These scaling laws will then be utilized in recommending reformer design modifications. The first year's work of the two year program is described. (WHK)

This report discusses the results of modeling efforts by Sandia National Laboratories in in-situ coal gasification. The main areas addressed are (1) flow characteristics and (2) initial cavity growth. The flow characteristics problem has been addressed using both a single phase finite element model and a two phase finite difference model. The initial cavity growth problem has been addressed using a finite element structural model. These models are useful for providing insight into the processes and for determining the characteristics needed to insure successful in-situ coal gasification. Also to be discussed is the development of the controlled source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) electromagnetic geophysical prospecting technique. This technique is being evaluated for use in mapping in-situ processes. The application discussed is the LETC tar sands project near Vernal, Utah.

This Final Supplement to the Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final Supplement) evaluates the economic, engineering, and environmental aspects of newly developed alternatives to an abandonment/conversion project proposed by Florida Gas Transmission Company (Florida Gas). It also updates the staff's previous FEIS and studies revisions to the original proposal. Wherever possible, the staff has adopted portions of its previous FEIS in lieu of reprinting portions of that analysis which require no change. 60 references, 8 figures, 35 tables.