Abstract: Equations are given to calculate at least approximately the heating in solid and hollow cylinders, slabs and spheres. Short and long cylinders are treated as well as short and long solenoids. The complicated mathematics used to derive the equations given will be omitted as they may be found in the original references. Heating with a spark gap converter is covered. Equations are given which together with some experimental data should enable the reader to predict the efficiency, heating, or temperature to be expected as the charge or coil is changed. Units and conversion factors are mentioned briefly.

This document presents the monthly reports of the 200 area technical group for July--December, 1947. (KS)

The following document is a compilation of quarterly reports from August 1946 to November of 1947 from the Biology Division of the University of Chicago.

The following documents were compiled into a quarterly report that was to be published in the Radiobiology Volume of the PPR. The following reports provide data from the Biology department of the University of Chicago between May and August of 1947.

The following report covers the literature available in the Battelle library as well as the Atomic Energy Commission (New York, N.Y.) on the processing of monazite sands for thorium and rare earth contents.

Abstract: Exceedingly pure uranium tetrachloride was prepared for use in determining the physical constants of the compound. Measurements were obtained of the melting point and boiling point at pressures ranging from the triple point pressure to atmospheric pressure. Calculations were made of the vapor pressure equation for the liquid, the heat of evaporation, molar boiling point elevation, the vapor pressure equation for the solid, and the critical temperature.

"The effect of a single vacuum sublimation of contaminated uranium tetrachloride, with fractional condensation of the vapors, was investigated to determine whether a high degree of purity would result. It was found that this procedure was an excellent and simple method for obtaining exceedingly pure uranium tetrachloride."

Report discussing experiments to determine if the tri-ether (referred to in the report as dibutyl carbitol or carbitol) "was susceptible of a high degree of reactivity when used as an extraction agent for the removal of uranium from aqueous solutions."

Abstract: An analysis of the improved Model Number 350 Process Monitor was made so that it could be determined if this instrument would fulfill the need for gamma radiation detection instruments in the production buildings of Y-12. The results of these tests indicated the possibility of marked improvement in the monitor characteristics with minor redesigns. After these improvements have been made, this instrument will be a satisfactory monitor for this area.

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Both acid and alkaline dissolutions of Be/sub 3/N/sub 2/ were carried The recommended alkaline dissolution procedure is outlined. (M.H.R.)

This report addresses the dissolution of uranium tetrafluoride.

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This summary discusses the following topics: (1) 184-inch cyclotron program; (2) a 60-inch cyclotron program; (3) synchrotron program; (4) Linear accelerator program; (5) Experimental physics, experiments with the 184-inch cyclotron, fast neutron scattering, and neutron-proton scattering; (6) Theoretical physics; and (7) isotope research program.

The year 1947 has witnessed the dawn of a new era of atomic science, a flowering of fundamental knowledge of the nature of matter which appears to be unsurpassed even by that period of the 1930's which led to the age of plutonium. A great new cyclotron, an atom-smasher ten times more powerful than the one which brought plutonium into the world, has carried mankind over a new horizon of sub-atomic space. It has brought scientists at last to grips with the infinitely small and rapid forces, until now beyond reach, which operate within the incredibly tiny distances of nuclear space. On the new energy frontier created by the giant machine, now laws govern nuclear reactions. methods are at hand, heretofore unavailable, which permit the measurement and determination of the nature of sub-atomic forces. Under ultra-high energy bombardment, the nucleus presents a different appearance from the nucleus of Bohr and Rutherford, the nucleus of atomic energy fission. The new exploration of the atom has been sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission with the giant, new 4000-ton cyclotron in the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California. This is the thirdmajor machine built by the Director of the Laboratory and inventor …

The excitation curve for the reaction C{sup 12}(n,2n)C{sup 11} has been calculated for energies up to 100 Mev. The calculations were done as described in the preceding letter for the similar reaction of C{sup 12} under proton bombardment. The results of the calculations for 50% charge exchange are shown in Figure 1. The calculated cross section for the reaction at 90 Mev is: .011 barns for 100% charge exchange and .013 barns for 50% charge exchange. The experimental value is 0.025 {+-} .004 barns. The ratio of the cross section of the reaction C{sup 12}(pnpn)C{sup 11} to the cross section of the above reaction at 90 Mev is 5.8 for 100% charge exchange and 3.8 for 50% charge exchange. The experimental ratio is 2.7 at 90 Mev. This difference in cross sections between the two reactions is established by two factors. Firstly, there is the part played by charge exchange in the C{sup 12}(pnpn)C{sup 11} reaction which leads to excited N{sup 12} with the subsequent boiling off of a proton, while a similar exchange process cannot take place for the C{sup 12}(n2n)C{sup 11} reaction. Secondly, there is the difference between the contributions of the knock out process as a result …

A 1,000 Mev synchrotron is under construction. The magnet will be a ring magnet containing about 900 tons of steel. The plates are of 1.2 inch steel with a 0.1 percent carbon content. A diagram of the cross section of this magnet is given in Figure 1. The design of the vacuum chmnber presents some difficulties since the space behind the gap is not large enough to permit easy access to the windings and to the vacuum space behind the gap. The field strength at the gap is 15,000 gauss with a 1 sec. rise time. A d.c. generator of 1,000 v and 10,000 amps and a flywheel will be used to energize the magnet and store the energy. Plans for the vacuum system are not complete, but probably a porcelain system will be used. This will reduce the gap quite considerably. It is planned to inject at 3,000 volts. The energy added to be about 200 ev per revolution. The frequency range is 250 kc/sec to 10 mc/sec; the power required is 10 Kw. A diagrammatic view of the electrical arrangement of the r.f. system is given.The variable inductance is a coil tipped at variable pitch into a pool …

All errors due to diffraction effects in a neutron attenuation experiment are computed. Also a special experiment to measure the forward intensity of diffracted neutrons from lead and copper is described, and the results given. These agree with the theoretical values.

Prior analyses of a plasma in a magnetic field have been limited, as far as the writer is aware, to cases in which the relative change in field over the orbital distance and the relative change in ion concentration are both small, or in which the relations have been viewed in a purely hydrodynamical way. The first approach excludes cases which can be of considerable interest, for it fails for a plasma edge. The second loses all sight of the structure imposed by the orbital motions.

This summary discusses the following topics: (1) Neutron Scattering. By R. Hildebrand. A series of measurements have been made of the angular distribution of neutrons scattered from small spheres of various materials placed in the neutron beam of the l84-inch cyclotron. The scattered neutrons were detected by copper covered carbon detectors placed in a symmetrical arrangement about the scatterer. The carbon detectors, which wore activated by the neutrons through the C{sup 12}(n, 2n)C{sup 11} reaction, were counted using an arrangement involving four counting tubes. The copper around the detectors served the purpose of stopping any protons. A carbon disk monitor was placed at the collimating channel in the cyclotron shield. This disk Was also counted by the same arrangement. (2) Electrical Resistance of the Blood. By R. Rosenthal. It has been found that animals exposed to total body irradiation developed in their blood an anti-coagulant called heparin. This substance, which can be produced synthetically, has the property of prolonging the clotting time of the blood. In an article which appeared in 'Science' some work was reported on the variation of the electrical resistance of the blood with the amount of heparin present, If some simple relationship could be found between …

The participation of phosphorus in biological oxidation-reduction reactions of the type found in glycolysis ADP {ne} PO{sub 4}H{sup -} + 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde + DPN{sup +} = 3-phosphoglycerate{sup -} + 2H{sup +} + DPHN + ATP has suggested theories in which similar reactions are proposed for photosynthesis. In these theories the reducing power of photosynthesis is utilized not only for reduction of carbon dioxide but also, by means of coupled oxidations, for the generation of high-energy phosphate bonds, or in the last reference directly for the generation of high-energy phosphate. Since in these theories acyl phosphate is formed from inorganic phosphate, they are amenable to proof without isolation of particular intermediates, by means of radioactive phosphorus. It would be expected that the rate of conversion of inorganic phosphate to organic phosphate would be greater in light than in the dark. They have investigated this possibility under a variety of conditions and are unable to substantiate the theories.