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Dose commitments due to radioactive releases from nuclear power plant sites in 1992. Volume 14
Population and individual radiation dose commitments have been estimated from reported radionuclide releases from commercial power reactors operating during 1992. Fifty-year dose commitments for a 1-year exposure from both liquid and atmospheric releases were calculated for four population groups (infant, child, teenager, and adult) residing between 2 and 80 km from each of 72 reactor sites. This report tabulates the results of these calculations, showing the dose commitments for both water and airborne pathways for each age group and organ. Also included for each of the sites is an estimate of individual doses, which are compared with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix I, design objectives. The total collective dose commitments (from both liquid and airborne pathways) for each site ranged from a high of 3.7 person-rem to a low of 0.0015 person-rem for the sites with plants in operation and producing power during the year. The arithmetic mean was 0.66 person-rem. The total population dose for all sites was estimated at 47 person-rem for the 130-million people considered at risk. The individual dose commitments estimated for all sites were below the 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, design objectives.
Date:
March 1, 1996
Creator:
Aaberg, R. L. & Baker, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status of stable isotope enrichment, products, and services at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been supplying enriched stable and radioactive isotopes to the research, medical, and industrial communities for over 50 years. Very significant changes have occurred in this effort over the past several years, and, while many of these changes have had a negative impact on the availability of enriched isotopes, more recent developments are actually improving the situation for both the users and the producers of enriched isotopes. ORNL is still a major producer and distributor of radioisotopes, but future isotope enrichment operations conducted at the Isotope Enrichment Facility (IEF) will be limited to stable isotopes. Among the positive changes in the enriched stable isotope area are a well-functioning, long-term contract program, which offers stability and pricing advantages; the resumption of calutron operations; the adoption of prorated conversion charges, which greatly improves the pricing of isotopes to small users; SIO 9002 registration of the IEF`s quality management system; and a much more customer-oriented business philosophy. Efforts are also being made to restore and improve upon the extensive chemical and physical form processing capabilities that once existed in the enriched stable isotope program. Innovative ideas are being pursued in both technical and administrative areas to encourage …
Date:
October 1, 1996
Creator:
Aaron, W.S.; Tracy, J.G. & Collins, E.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Color coherence in p pbar collisions at squareroot s = 1.8 TeV
We report on two preliminary studies of color coherence effects on {ital p}{ital {anti p}} collisions based on data collected by the D{null} detector during the 1992-1993 and 1994-1995 runs at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at a center of mass energy {radical}s = 1. 8 TeV. Demonstration of initial-to-final state color interference effects is done in a higher energy region by measuring spatial correlations between the softer third jet and the second leading- {ital E}{sub {ital T}} jet in multi-jet events and in a lower energy regime by examining particle distribution patterns in W+Jet events. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and the predictions of an NLO parton level calculation.
Date:
September 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The dijet mass spectrum and angular distributions with the D0 detector
We present preliminary results from an analysis of dijet data collected during the 1994-95 Tevatron Collider run with an integrated luminosity of 91 pb{sup -1}. Measurements of dijet mass spectra and dijet angular distributions in {anti p}p collisions at {radical}s- = 1.8 TeV are compared with next-to-leading order QCD theory.
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New phenomena results presented at the 1996 A.P.S. Division of Particles and Fields meeting
This paper is a compendium of the D0 papers submitted to the 1996 Division of Particles and Fields meeting in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Each paper is reproduced here in full. The papers are: (1) a search for squarks and gluinos in the dielectron channel; (2) search for excited quarks decaying to two-jets with the D0 detector; (3) search for di-jet resonances produced in association with W bosons at D0; (4) search for first generation scalar leptoquarks at D0 detector; (5) search for SUSY gaugino production through the trilepton signature; (6) search for heavy neutral gauge bosons at D0.
Date:
October 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rapidity gaps between jets at D{O}
We present studies of jet production via color-singlet events with low particle multiplicity between the jets. A preliminary study of the multiplicity in other regions of the color singlet events and the dependence of color-singlet exchange on jet transverse energy is also presented.
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results from a search for a neutral Scalar produced in association with a W boson in p pbar collisions at squareroot s = 1.8 TeV
This paper presents a search for production of a hypothetical heavy particle {ital X} in association with a {ital W} boson. For the search presented here, the kinematics and acceptance are modelled under the assumption that the {ital X} particle has the spin and decay properties of the standard model Higgs boson with the modification that only {ital X} {r_arrow} {ital b}{ital {anti b}} decays are allowed. The {ital W} is required to decay via either the electron or muon mode. The complete D{null} 1992-1995 data set is used. This sample has an integrated luminosity of 100 pb{sup -1} and was taken at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV. Limits are placed on the number of associated production events and the production cross section.
Date:
August 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for b {yields} X {mu} {sup +} {mu} {sup -} and B {sup 0} {yields} {mu} {sup +} {mu} {sup -} decays in p {anti p} Collisions at {radical} s= 1.8 TeV
We have searched for the flavor-changing neutral current decays b {yields} X{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} and B{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} in p{anti p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV with the D0 detector at Fermilab. Using our observed {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup - } mass spectrum and the measured b production cross section we determine the 90% confidence limit for the branching fraction B(b {yields} s{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 3.6{times}10{sup -5}. For the exclusive, purely leptonic decay B{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} we obtain a 90% confidence level limit B(B{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 8.0{times}10{sup -6}. 9 refs., 3 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small angle muon and b-quark production in p pbar collisions at squareroot s = 1.8 TeV
We report on a measurement of small angle muon production (2.4 < {vert_bar}{ital y}{sup {mu}}{vert_bar} < 3.2) in {ital p}{ital {anti p}} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV with the D{null} detector at Fermilab. We have determined the fraction of the inclusive {mu} cross section in this region due to {ital b}-quark production and decay. Combining this measurement with our previously measured cross section in the central region, we calculate {ital d}{sigma}/{ital dy} for muons from {ital b} decay with {ital p}{sup {mu}}{sub T} > 5 GeV/c and {ital p}{sup {mu}}{sub T} > 8 GeV/c. These measurements are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations.
Date:
August 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hard single diffractive jet production at D0
Preliminary results from the D{null} experiment on jet production with forward rapidity gaps in {ital p{anti p}} collisions are presented. A class of dijet events with a forward rapidity gap is observed at center-of-mass energies {radical}s = 1800 GeV and 630 GeV. The number of events with rapidity gaps at both center-of-mass energies is significantly greater than the expectation from multiplicity fluctuations and is consistent with a hard single diffractive process. A small class of events with two forward gaps and central dijets is also observed at 1800 GeV. This topology is consistent with hard double pomeron exchange.
Date:
August 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.; Abbott, B. & Abolins, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for chargino-neutralino associated production via trileptonic final states with DO detector
Preliminary results from a search for the production of an associated lightest chargino, W{sub 1}, and second lightest neutralino, Z{sub 2}, pair with the D0 detector at Fermilab`s pp collider with {radical}s = 1.8 TeV are presented. Based on approximately 85 pb{sup -1} of data collected during the 1993-1995 Tevatron Runs we set a 95% C.L. upper limit on the chargino-neutralino cross section times branching fraction to any trileptonic final state ranging from 0.91 pb to 0.19 pb for wino masses ranging from 45 GeV/c{sup 2} to 96 GeV/c{sup 2}.
Date:
September 1, 1996
Creator:
Abachi, S.; Ahn, S.; Baldin, B. & Bhat, P.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An application of robust parameter design using an alternative to Taguchi methods
The factors of interest in designing a product or process can generally be classified into two categories, controllable and uncontrollable. Controllable (or control) factors represent those factors which can be regulated. Examples of control factors include: the choice of material, flow rates, processing pressures, times and temperatures. Uncontrollable (noise) factors are those that are either difficult, impossible or too expensive to control during actual production or use. Examples of noise factors are: environmental conditions such as ambient temperature or humidity, process parameters which are dictated by an outside source such as end user demand, and usage factors such as how long and at what temperature a consumer stores a product. As compared to the current Tagachi approach, a new design method which provides greater flexibility in the design of the experiment, utilize a more meaningful performance statistic, and lend itself to a better understanding of the product or process is described in this paper.
Date:
November 1, 1996
Creator:
Abate, M. L.; Morrow, M. C. & Kuczek, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sulfur removal in advanced two stage pressurized fluidized bed combustion. Technical report, December 1, 1994--February 28, 1995
The objective of this study is to obtain data on the rates and the extent of sulfation reactions involving partially sulfided calcium-based sorbents, and oxygen as well as sulfur dioxide, at operating conditions closely simulating those prevailing in the second stage (combustor) of Advanced Two-Stage Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustors (PFBC). In these systems the CO{sub 2} partial pressure generally exceeds the equilibrium value for calcium carbonate decomposition. Therefore, calcium sulfate is produced through the reactions between SO{sub 2} and calcium carbonate as well as the reaction between calcium sulfide and oxygen. To achieve this objective, the rates of reaction involving SO{sub 2} and oxygen (gaseous reactant); and calcium sulfide and calcium carbonate (solid reactants), will be determined by conducting tests in a pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer (HPTGA) unit. The effects of sorbent type, sorbent particle size, reactor temperature and pressure; and O{sub 2} as well as SO{sub 2} partial pressures on the sulfation reactions rate will be determined. During this quarter, samples of the selected limestone and dolomite, sulfided in the fluidized-bed reactor during last quarter, were analyzed. The extent of sulfidation in these samples was in the range of 20 to 50%, which represent carbonizer discharge material at different operating conditions. …
Date:
March 1, 1996
Creator:
Abbasian, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quasi-free ({ital e,e`p}) reactions: the first look from CEBAF
Coincidence cross sections for ({ital e,e{sup `}p}) quasi-elastic scattering were measured at CEBAF with high statistical precision for C, Fe, and Au targets for 0.6 {lt} Q{sup 2} {lt} 3.3 GeV{sup 2}. {ital E{sub m}} and {ital P{sub m}} distributions obtained from a preliminary analysis are in reasonable agreement with prior data from SLAC, The preliminary results are compared with a PWIA calculation to determine the nuclear transparency as a function of Q{sup 2} and A. A. Rosenbluth analysis to extract the longitudinal and transverse cross sections from these data is anticipated.
Date:
November 1, 1996
Creator:
Abbott, D.; Amatuoni, T. & Armstrong, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results from Sage
The Russian-American Gallium Solar Neutrino Experiment (SAGE) is described. Beginning in September 1992, SAGE II data were taken with 55 tons of Ga and with significantly reduced backgrounds. The solar neutrino flux measured by 31 extractions through October 1993 is presented. The result of 69 {+-} 10 +5/{minus}7 SNU is to be compared with a Standard Solar Model prediction of 132 SNU.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Abdurashitov, J. N.; Gavrin, V. N. & Girin, S. V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
J/{psi} and {psi}{prime} production at CDF
This paper presents measurements of the J/{psi} and {psi}{prime} production cross sections in p{ovr p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. The cross sections are measured in the kinematic region P{sub T} {gt} 5 GeV/c, {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} {lt} 0.6 using the dimuon decay channel. The fraction of events from B decays is measured and used to calculate the J/{psi} and {psi}{prime} cross sections from B decay. The fraction of J/{psi} events from {chi}{sub c} decays is also measured and used to calculate the J/{psi} cross section from direct production. 11 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
Abe, F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the B+ and B0 Lifetimes With Topological Vertexing at SLD
The lifetimes of the B{sup +} (B{sub u}) and B{sup 0} (B{sub d}) mesons have been measured using a sample of 150,000 hadronic Z{sup 0} decays collected by the SLD experiment at the SLC between 1993 and 1995. The analysis reconstructs the decay length and charge of the B meson using a novel topological technique. This method results in a high statistics sample of 6,033 (3,665) charged (neutral) vertices. The ratio of B{sup +}:B{sup 0} decays in the charged (neutral) sample is 1.8:1 (1:2.3).
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
Abe, K.; Abe, K. & Abt, I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MCNP{trademark} Software Quality Assurance plan
MCNP is a computer code that models the interaction of radiation with matter. MCNP is developed and maintained by the Transport Methods Group (XTM) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This plan describes the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) program applied to the code. The SQA program is consistent with the requirements of IEEE-730.1 and the guiding principles of ISO 900.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Abhold, H.M. & Hendricks, J.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RRFC hardware operation manual
The Research Reactor Fuel Counter (RRFC) system was developed to assay the {sup 235}U content in spent Material Test Reactor (MTR) type fuel elements underwater in a spent fuel pool. RRFC assays the {sup 235}U content using active neutron coincidence counting and also incorporates an ion chamber for gross gamma-ray measurements. This manual describes RRFC hardware, including detectors, electronics, and performance characteristics.
Date:
May 1, 1996
Creator:
Abhold, M. E.; Hsue, S. T.; Menlove, H. O. & Walton, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The design and performance of the research reactor fuel counter
This paper describes the design features, hardware specifications, and performance characteristics of the Research Reactor Fuel Counter (RRFC) System. The system is an active mode neutron coincidence counter intended to assay material test reactor fuel assemblies under water. The RRFC contains 12 {sup 3}He tubes, each with its own preamplifier, and a single ion chamber. The neutron counting electronics are based on the Los Alamos Portable Shift Register (PSR) and the gamma readout is a manual-range pico-ammeter of Los Alamos design. The RRFC is connected to the surface by a 20-m-long cable bundle. The PSR is controlled by a portable IBM computer running a modified version of the Los Alamos neutron coincidence counting code also called RRFC. There is a manual that describes the RRFC software.
Date:
September 1, 1996
Creator:
Abhold, M. E.; Hsue, S. T.; Menlove, H. O.; Walton, G. & Holt, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ABS plastic RPCs
After investigating a number of materials, we discovered that an ABS plastic doped with a conducting polymer performs well as the resistive electrode in a narrow gap RPC (resistive plate chamber). Operating in the streamer mode, we find efficiencies of 90-96% with low noise and low strip multiplicities. We have also studied a variety of operating gases and found that a mixture containing SF{sub 6}, a non-ozone depleting gas, argon and isobutane gives good streamer mode performance, even with isobutane concentrations of 20% or less.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Ables, E.; Bionta, R.; Olson, H.; Ott, L.; Parker, E.; Wright, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface modified coals for enhanced catalyst dispersion and liquefaction. Semiannual progress report, September 1, 1995--February 29, 1996
The aim of this work is to enhance catalyst loading and dispersion in coal for improved liquefaction by preadsorption of surfactants onto coal. The application of surfactants to coal beneficiation and coal-water slurry preparation is well known. However, the effects of surfactants on catalyst loading and dispersion prior to coal liquefaction have not been investigated. The current work is focused on the influence of the cationic surfactant dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic) on the surface properties of a bituminous coal and its molybdenum uptake from solution. The results show that DDAB created positively charged sites on the coal and increased molybdenum loading compared to the original coal. In contrast, SDS rendered the coal surface negative and reduced molybdenum uptake. The results show that efficient loading of molybdenum catalyst onto coal can be achieved by pretreatment of the coal with dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide.
Date:
October 1, 1996
Creator:
Abotsi, G.M.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of interim and final waste forms for the newly generated liquid low-level waste flowsheet
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the final forms that have been proposed for radioactive-containing solid wastes and to determine their application to the solid wastes that will result from the treatment of newly generated liquid low-level waste (NGLLLW) and Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) supernate at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Since cesium and strontium are the predominant radionuclides in NGLLLW and MVST supernate, this review is focused on the stabilization and solidification of solid wastes containing these radionuclides in cement, glass, and polymeric materials-the principal waste forms that have been tested with these types of wastes. Several studies have shown that both cesium and strontium are leached by distilled water from solidified cement, although the leachabilities of cesium are generally higher than those of strontium under similar conditions. The situation is exacerbated by the presence of sulfates in the solution, as manifested by cracking of the grout. Additives such as bentonite, blast-furnace slag, fly ash, montmorillonite, pottery clay, silica, and zeolites generally decrease the cesium and strontium release rates. Longer cement curing times (>28 d) and high ionic strengths of the leachates, such as those that occur in seawater, also decrease the leach rates of …
Date:
May 1, 1996
Creator:
Abotsi, G.M.K.; Bostick, D.T. & Beck, D.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Metal waste forms from the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel
Stainless steel-zirconium alloys are being developed for the disposal of radioactive metal isotopes isolated using an electrometallurgical treatment technique to treat spent nuclear fuel. The nominal waste forms are stainless steel-15 wt% zirconium alloy and zirconium-8 wt% stainless steel alloy. These alloys are generated in yttria crucibles by melting the starting materials at 1,600 C under an argon atmosphere. This paper discusses the microstructures, corrosion and mechanical test results, and thermophysical properties of the metal waste form alloys.
Date:
May 1, 1996
Creator:
Abraham, D.P.; McDeavitt, S.M. & Park, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library