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Medical imaging with coded apertures
Now algorithms were investigated for image reconstruction in emission tomography which could incorporate complex instrumental effects such as might be obtained with a coded aperture system. The investigation focused on possible uses of the wavelet transform to handle non-stationary instrumental effects and analytic continuation of the Radon transform to handle self-absorption. Neither investigation was completed during the funding period and whether such algorithms will be useful remains an open question.
Date:
June 16, 1995
Creator:
Keto, E. & Libby, S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Single Bunch Stability to Monopole Excitation
We study single bunch stability with respect to monopole longitudinal oscillations in electron storage rings. Our analysis is different from the standard approach based on the linearized Vlasov equation. Rather, we reduce the full nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation to a Schroedinger-like equation which is subsequently analyzed by perturbation theory. We show that the Haissinski solution [3] may become unstable with respect to monopole oscillations and derive a stability criterion in terms of the ring impedance. We then discuss this criterion and apply it to a broad band resonator impedance model.
Date:
January 19, 1999
Creator:
Podobedov, Boris
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron diffraction study of NiTi during compressive deformation and after shape-memory recovery
Neutron diffraction measurements of internal elastic strains and texture were performed during compressive deformation of martensitic NiTi deforming by twinning. Rietveld refinement of the diffraction spectrum was performed in order to obtain lattice parameter variations and preferred orientation of martensitic variants. The elastic internal strains, are proportional to the externally applied stress but strongly dependent on crystallographic orientation. Plastic deformation by matrix twinning is consistent with type I (1-1-1) twinning, whereby (100) and (011) planes tend to align perpendicular and parallel to the stress axis, respectively. The preferred orientation ratio r according to the model by March and Dollase is proportional to the macroscopic plastic strain for (100) and (011) planes for loading, unloading and shape-memory recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in situ bulk measurement of reversible twinning in NiTi. Finally, shape-memory recovery results in a marked change of NiTi cell parameters.
Date:
September 1995
Creator:
Dunand, D. C.; Mari, D.; Bourke, Mark A. M. & Goldstone, Joyce A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Maintenance Action Work Plan for Waste Area Grouping 1 inactive tanks 3001-B, 3004-B, T-30, and 3013 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Environmental Restoration Program
This Maintenance Action Work Plan has been prepared to document the activities and procedures for the remediation of four inactive, low-level radioactive tanks at Waste Area Grouping 1, from the Category D list of tanks in the Federal Facility Agreement for the Oak Ridge Reservation (EPA et al. 1994). The four tanks to remediated are tanks 3001-B, 3004-B, T-30, and 3013. Three of the tanks (3001-B, 3004-B, and T-30) will be physically removed from the ground. Because of logistical issues associted with excavation and site access, the fourth tank (3013) will be grouted in place and permanently closed.
Date:
July 1, 1995
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The LCLS X-Ray FEL at SLAC
The design status and R and D plan of a 1.5 Angstrom SASE-FEL at SLAC, called the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), are described. The LCLS utilizes one third of the SLAC linac for the acceleration of electrons to about 15 GeV. The FEL radiation is produced in a long undulator and is directed to an experimental area for its utilization. The LCLS is designed to produce 300 fsec long radiation pulses at the wavelength of 1.5 Angstrom with 9 GW peak power. This radiation has much higher brightness and coherence, as well as shorter pulses, than present 3rd generation sources. It is shown that such leap in performance is now within reach, and is made possible by the advances in the physics and technology of photo-injectors, linear accelerators, insertion devices and free-electron lasers.
Date:
February 9, 1999
Creator:
Cornacchia, Massimo
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superlattice Photocathodes for Accelerator-Based Polarized Electron Source Applications
A major improvement in the performance of the SLC was achieved with the introduction of thin strained-layer semiconductor crystals. After some optimization, polarizations of 75-85% became standard with lifetimes that were equal to or better than that of thick unstrained crystals. Other accelerators of polarized electrons, generally operating with a much higher duty factor, have now successfully utilized similar photocathodes. For future colliders, the principal remaining problem is the limit on the total charge that can be extracted in a time scale of 10 to 100 ns. In addition, higher polarization is critical for exploring new physics, especially supersymmetry. However, it appears that strained-layer crystals have reached the limit of their optimization. Today strained superlattice crystals are the most promising candidates for better performance. The individual layers of the superlattice can be designed to be below the critical thickness for strain relaxation, thus in principle improving the polarization. Thin layers also promote high electron conduction to the surface. In addition the potential barriers at the surface for both emission of conduction-band electrons to vacuum and for tunneling of valence-band holes to the surface can be significantly less than for single strained-layer crystals, thus enhancing both the yield at any intensity …
Date:
March 22, 1999
Creator:
Clendenin, James E
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results of design calculations. Specification of a prototype zone plate for focusing hard x-rays
A zone plate capable of focusing hard x-rays to less than 1 {mu}m spot size is designed and specified. This design is based on the state-of-art fabrication technology available today. This zone plate consists of Cu/Al layers sputtered alternatively on a round stainless steel core. Parameters of this zone plate are given. The focal length f is given for 8Kev x-rays and the thickness is optimized for focusing efficiency of the same x-ray energy.
Date:
January 1991
Creator:
Yun, W. B.; Chrzas, J. & Viccaro, P. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solid Waste Assurance Program Implementation Plan
On June 6, 1995, a waiver to Hanford Site Solid Waste Acceptance Criteria, was approved by the US Department of Energy Richland Operations Office (RL) to replace the low-level, mixed, and transuranic (TRU) generator assessment programs with the Solid Waste Assurance Program (SWAP). This is associated with a waiver that was approved on March 16, 1995 to replace the Storage/Disposal Approval Record (SDAR) requirements with the Waste Specification System (WSS). This implementation plan and the SWAP applies to Solid Waste Disposal (SWD) functions, facilities, and personnel who perform waste acceptance, verification, receipt, and management functions of dangerous, radioactive, and mixed waste from on- and off-site generators who ship to or within the Hanford Site for treatment, storage, and/or disposal (TSD) at SWD TSD facilities.
Date:
June 19, 1995
Creator:
Irons, L.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary design and estimate of capital and operating costs for a production scale application of laser decontamination technology
The application of laser ablation technology to the decontamination of radioactive metals, particularly the surfaces of equipment, is discussed. Included is information related to the design, capital and operating costs, and effectiveness of laser ablation technology, based on commercial excimer and Nd:YAG lasers, for the decontamination of production scale equipment.
Date:
August 6, 1994
Creator:
Pang, Ho-ming & Edelson, M. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Functional design criteria for the self-installing liquid observation well
This document presents the functional design criteria for installing liquid observation wells (LOWs) into single-shell tanks containing ferrocyanide wastes. The LOWs will be designed to accommodate the deployment of gamma, neutron, and electromagnetic induction probes and to interface with the existing tank structure and environment.
Date:
June 16, 1995
Creator:
Parra, S.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multidimensional DDT modeling of energetic materials
To model the shock-induced behavior of porous or damaged energetic materials, a nonequilibrium mixture theory has been developed and incorporated into the shock physics code, CTH. The foundation for this multiphase model is based on a continuum mixture formulation given by Baer and Nunziato. This multiphase mixture model provides a thermodynamic and mathematically-consistent description of the self-accelerated combustion processes associated with deflagration-to-detonation and delayed detonation behavior which are key modeling issues in safety assessment of energetic systems. An operator-splitting method is used in the implementation of this model, whereby phase diffusion effects are incorporated using a high resolution transport method. Internal state variables, forming the basis for phase interaction quantities, are resolved during the Lagrangian step requiring the use of a stiff matrix-free solver. Benchmark calculations are presented which simulate low-velocity piston impact on a propellant porous bed and experimentally-measured wave features are well replicated with this model. This mixture model introduces micromechanical models for the initiation and growth of reactive multicomponent flow that are key features to describe shock initiation and self-accelerated deflagration-to-detonation combustion behavior. To complement one-dimensional simulation, two-dimensional numerical calculations are presented which indicate wave curvature effects due to the loss of wall confinement. This study is …
Date:
July 1, 1995
Creator:
Baer, M. R.; Hertel, E. S. & Bell, R. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical evaluation report for the demonstration of radio frequency soil decontamination at Site S-1
The Air Force`s Armstrong Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, has supported the research and development of Radio Frequency Soil Decontamination. Radio frequency soil decontamination is essentially a heat-assisted soil vapor extraction process. Site S-1 at Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, was selected for the demonstration of two patented techniques. The site is a former sump that collected spills and surface run-off from a waste petroleum, oils, and lubricants and solvent storage and transfer area. In 1993, a technique developed by the IIT Research Institute using an array of electrodes placed in the soil was demonstrated. In 1994, a technique developed by KAI Technologies, Inc. using a single applicator placed in a vertical borehole was demonstrated. Approximately 120 tons of soil were heated during each demonstration to a temperature of about 150 degrees Celsius.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Lyon, Chesley R.; Blanchard, Clifton F. & Whitt, Laura H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geomorphology of plutonium in the Northern Rio Grande
Nearly all of the plutonium in the natural environment of the Northern Rio Grande is associated with soils and sediment, and river processes account for most of the mobility of these materials. A composite regional budget for plutonium based on multi-decadal averages for sediment and plutonium movement shows that 90 percent of the plutonium moving into the system is from atmospheric fallout. The remaining 10 percent is from releases at Los Alamos. Annual variation in plutonium flux and storage exceeds 100 percent. The contribution to the plutonium budget from Los Alamos is associated with relatively coarse sediment which often behaves as bedload in the Rio Grande. Infusion of these materials into the main stream were largest in 1951, 1952, 1957, and 1968. Because of the schedule of delivery of plutonium to Los Alamos for experimentation and weapons manufacturing, the latter two years are probably the most important. Although the Los Alamos contribution to the entire plutonium budget was relatively small, in these four critical years it constituted 71--86 percent of the plutonium in bedload immediately downstream from Otowi.
Date:
March 1, 1993
Creator:
Graf, William L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interaction of Slow Electrons With High-Pressure Gases (`Quasi-Liquids`); Synthesis of Our Knowledge on Slow Electron-Molecule Interactions; Final Progress Report, March 15, 1986--August 14, 1987
The rate constant for electron attachment to F{sub 2} was measured at 233 to 373 K in nitrogen at 0.04--0.75 eV and in argon at 298 K at 0.4--2.95 eV. The unfolded cross section was compared with calculations. The ionization threshold of N,N,N{prime},N{prime}-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) was measured in ethane over the density range 0.15--13.3 M/l at 295--413 K using multiphoton ionization conductivity.
Date:
1987-23~
Creator:
McCorkle, D. L. & Christophorou, L. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct Measurement of A{sub c} using Inclusive Charm Tagging at the SLD Detector
We report a new measurement of A{sub c} using data obtained by SLD in 1993-98. This measurement uses a vertex tag technique, where the selection of a c hemisphere is based on the reconstructed mass of the charm hadron decay vertex. The method uses the 3D vertexing capabilities of SLD's CCD vertex detector and the small and stable SLC beams to obtain a high c-event tagging efficiency and purity of 28% and 82%, respectively. Charged kaons identified by the CRID detector and the charge of the reconstructed vertex provide an efficient quark-antiquark tag, with the analyzing power calibrated from the data. We obtain a preliminary result of A{sub c} = 0.603 {+-} 0.028 {+-} 0.023.
Date:
July 14, 1999
Creator:
Abe, K
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Minimum Field Strength in Ultrafast Magnetization Reversal
Ultrafast magnetic field pulses as short as 2 ps are able to reverse the magnetization in thin in-plane magnetized cobalt films. The field pulses are applied in the plane of the film and their direction encompasses all angles with the magnetization. At right angle to the magnetization maximum torque is exerted on the spins. In this geometry a precessional magnetization reversal can be triggered by fields as small as 184 kA/m. Applications in future ultrafast magnetic recording schemes can be foreseen.
Date:
June 30, 1999
Creator:
Garwin, Edward L
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stratigraphic variations and secondary porosity within the Maynardville Limestone in Bear Creek Valley, Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
To evaluate groundwater and surface water contamination and migration near the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant, a Comprehensive Groundwater Monitoring Plan was developed. As part of the Maynardville exit pathways monitoring program, monitoring well clusters were ii installed perpendicular to the strike of the Maynardville Limestone, that underlies the southern part of the Y-12 Plant and Bear Creek Valley (BCV). The Maynardville Project is designed to locate potential exit pathways of groundwater, study geochemical characteristics and factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of water-bearing intervals, and provide hydrogeologic information to be used to reduce the potential impacts of contaminants entering the Maynardville Limestone.
Date:
May 1, 1995
Creator:
Goldstrand, P.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical decomposition of high-level nuclear waste storage/disposal glasses under irradiation. 1997 annual progress report
'The objective of this research is to use the sensitive technique of electron spin resonance (ESR) to look for evidence of radiation-induced chemical decomposition of vitreous forms contemplated for immobilization of plutonium and/or high-level nuclear wastes, to interpret this evidence in terms of existing knowledge of glass structure, and to recommend certain materials for further study by other techniques, particularly electron microscopy and measurements of gas evolution by high-vacuum mass spectroscopy. Previous ESR studies had demonstrated that an effect of y rays on a simple binary potassium silicate glass was to induce superoxide (O{sub 2}{sup -}) and ozonide (O{sub 3}{sup -}) as relatively stable product of long-term irradiation Accordingly, some of the first experiments performed as a part of the present effort involved repeating this work. A glass of composition 44 K{sub 2}O: 56 SiO{sub 2} was prepared from reagent grade K{sub 2}CO3 and SiO{sub 2} powders melted in a Pt crucible in air at 1,200 C for 1.5 hr. A sample irradiated to a dose of 1 MGy (1 MGy = 10{sup 8} rad) indeed yielded the same ESR results as before. To test the notion that the complex oxygen ions detected may be harbingers of radiation-induced phase separation …
Date:
January 1, 1997
Creator:
Griscom, D.L. & Merzbacher, C.I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National low-level waste management program radionuclide report series, Volume 14: Americium-241
This report, Volume 14 of the National Low-Level Waste Management Program Radionuclide Report Series, discusses the radiological and chemical characteristics of americium-241 ({sup 241}Am). This report also includes discussions about waste types and forms in which {sup 241}Am can be found and {sup 241}Am behavior in the environment and in the human body.
Date:
September 1, 1995
Creator:
Winberg, M. R. & Garcia, R. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integral Fast Reactor Program annual progress report, FY 1994
This report summarizes highlights of the technical progress made in the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) Program in FY 1994. Technical accomplishments are presented in the following areas of the IFR technology development activities: metal fuel performance; pyroprocess development; safety experiments and analyses; core design development; fuel cycle demonstration; and LMR technology R&D.
Date:
December 1, 1994
Creator:
Chang, Y. I.; Walters, L. C.; Laidler, J. J.; Pedersen, D. R.; Wade, D. C. & Lineberry, J. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and construction of deinococcus radiodurans for biodegradation of organic toxins at radioactive DOE waste sites. 1998 annual progress report
'A 1992 survey of DOE waste sites indicates that about 32% of soils and 45% of groundwaters at these sites contain radionuclides and metals plus an organic toxin class. The most commonly reported combinations of these hazardous compounds being radionuclides and metals (e.g., U, Pu, Cs, Pb, Cr, As) plus chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., trichloroethylene), fuel hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene), or polychlorinated biphenyls (e.g., Arochlor 1248). These wastes are some of the most hazardous pollutants and pose an increasing risk to human health as they leach into the environment. The objective of this research is to develop novel organisms, that are highly resistant to radiation and the toxic effects of metals and radionuclides, for in-situ bioremediation of organic toxins. Few organisms exist that are able to remediate such environmental organic pollutants, and among those that can, the bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas are the most characterized. Unfortunately, these bacteria are very radiation sensitive. For example, Pseudomonas spp. is even more sensitive than Escherichia coli and, thus, is not suitable as a bioremediation host in environments subjected to radiation. By contrast, D. radiodurans, a natural soil bacterium, is the most radiation resistant organism yet discovered; it is several thousand times more resistant …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Daly, M. J.; Wackett, L. P. & Minton, K. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simultaneous SO{sub 2}/NO{sub x} abatement using zeolite-supported copper. Progress report, October 1, 1993--September 30, 1994
The goals of this project have evolved from an investigation of ways of preparing Li and Hall`s Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst using new methods to yield a more robust catalyst, into an investigation of modified Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts for the simultaneous reduction of NO and oxidation of SO{sub 2}. This was not a conscious effort or decision on the part of the investigators, but resulted from a natural evolution of the project. The authors have developed a zeolite synthesis and characterization capability in the group and have prepared impregnated test materials for the investigation of different catalyst precursors. They have prepared different vanadium-impregnated aluminas, for evaluation of the impregnation method, and have succeeded in reproducing the results of Li and Hall`s Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst. This report reviews the progress during the first three quarters of the year, and includes progress from the last quarter. Results are discussed for the Raman spectroscopy of precursors; infrared spectroscopy of vanadium-impregnated alumina; zeolite overlayer on cordierite; reactivity of Cu-ZSM-5; and impregnation of vanadyl acetylacetonate on alumina.
Date:
December 31, 1994
Creator:
Mitchell, M.B. & White, M.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear properties for astrophysical applications
We tabulate the ground-state odd-proton and odd-neutron spins, proton and neutron pairing gaps, binding energies, neuton separation energies, quantities related to {beta}-delayed one, two and three neutron emission probabilities, {beta}-decay Q values and half-lives with respect to Gamow-Teller decay, proton separation energies, and {alpha}-decay Q values and half-lives. The starting point of the calculations is a calculation of nuclear ground-states and (information based on the finite-range droplet model and the folded-Yukawa single-particle model published in a previous issue of ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES. The {beta}-delayed neutron-emission probabilities and Gamow-Teller {beta}-decay rates are obtained from a QRPA model that uses single-particle levels and wave-functions at the calculated nuclear ground-state shape as the starting point.
Date:
September 23, 1994
Creator:
Moeller, P.; Nix, J. R. & Kratz, K. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Efficient separations and processing crosscutting program: Develop and test sorbents
This report summarizes work performed during FY 1995 under the task {open_quotes}Develop and Test Sorbents,{close_quotes} the purpose of which is to develop high-capacity, selective solid extractants to recover cesium, strontium, and technetium from nuclear wastes. This work is being done for the Efficient Separations and Processing Crosscutting Program (ESP), operated by the U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Environmental Management`s Office of Technology Development. The task is under the direction of staff at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) with key participation from industrial and university staff at 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota; IBC Advanced Technologies, Inc., American Forks, Utah; AlliedSignal, Inc., Des Plaines, Illinois, and Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 3M and IBC are responsible for ligand and membrane technology development; AlliedSignal and Texas A&M are developing sodium titanate powders; and PNL is testing the materials developed by the industry/university team members. Major accomplishments for FY 1995 are summarized in this report.
Date:
September 1, 1995
Creator:
Bray, L.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library