The objective of this project is to produce one or more microorganisms capable of removing the organic and inorganic sulfur in coal. The original specific technical objectives of the project were to: clone and characterize the genes encoding the enzymes of the 4S'' pathway (sulfoxide/sulfone/sulfonate/sulfate) for release of organic sulfur from coal; return multiple copies of genes to the original host to enhance the biodesulfurization activity of that organism; transfer this pathway into a fast-growing chemolithotropic bacterium; conduct a batch-mode optimization/analysis of scale-up variables.

The primary objective of the project is to investigate the magnetic nature of the higher alcohol synthesis catalyst-Cu/Co supported on specific supports: chromia and titania with and without an alkali metal promoter, and examine the relations between catalytic and magnetic properties.

This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of the molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. Specifically, the molecules are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties. In addition, they model carotenoid antenna function in photosynthesis (singlet-singlet energy transfer from carotenoid polyenes to chlorophyll) and carotenoid photoprotection from singlet oxygen damage (triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids).

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1840A, and its companion suite of specifications. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. This test was conducted to allow Optigraphics to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards.

New equations for continuous, operational interpolation on four plates in rectangular array are derived. The equations can be applied to the interpretation of experimental data. Other topics include convergence of operational formulas and extrapolation by operational methods. 11 refs.

Work has continued on characterizing the kinetics of lignin peroxidases and has now expanded to include the chemistry of Mn peroxidases. Progress in these two area in addition to the authors work on the molecular biology of lignin biodegradation is briefly described below. Copies of two reprints and one preprint which have resulted from the work are attached.

This document is the February 14, 1990 version of the LLNL Waste Minimization Program Plan (WMPP). The Waste Minimization Policy field has undergone continuous changes since its formal inception in the 1984 HSWA legislation. The first LLNL WMPP, Revision A, is dated March 1985. A series of informal revision were made on approximately a semi-annual basis. This Revision 2 is the third formal issuance of the WMPP document. EPA has issued a proposed new policy statement on source reduction and recycling. This policy reflects a preventative strategy to reduce or eliminate the generation of environmentally-harmful pollutants which may be released to the air, land surface, water, or ground water. In accordance with this new policy new guidance to hazardous waste generators on the elements of a Waste Minimization Program was issued. In response to these policies, DOE has revised and issued implementation guidance for DOE Order 5400.1, Waste Minimization Plan and Waste Reduction reporting of DOE Hazardous, Radioactive, and Radioactive Mixed Wastes, final draft January 1990. This WMPP is formatted to meet the current DOE guidance outlines. The current WMPP will be revised to reflect all of these proposed changes when guidelines are established. Updates, changes and revisions to the …

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1840A, and its companion suite of specifications. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. This test was conducted to allow GTX to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 data file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards.

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1804A, and its companion suite of specifications. The CTN is a DoD sponsored confederation of voluntary participants from industry and government, managed by the Air Force Logistics Command. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. To this end, testing should represent the systems and applications in use by a large number of participants. Sampling a wide cross section of industry and government will gain feedback on the various interpretations of the standards and broaden the base of industry participation in the CALS initiative. This test was conducted to allow Formtek to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 data file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards. Additionally, Quick Short Test Reports (QSTRs) are intended to promote industry and government participation in the …

The anisotropic deformation of foliated and linealed rocks has been investigated, primarily to predict the mechanical response of rocks surrounding buried magma chambers to the stress fields generated by deep drilling. The principal application in this regard has been to evaluate, the scientific feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from buried magma chambers. Our approach has been to perform triaxial extension and compression tests at temperatures and pressures representative of the borehole environment on samples cored along six selected orientations and to fit the data to an orthohombric yield criterion. We have investigated Four-Mile gneiss (a strongly layered gneiss with well defined lineation), a biotite-rich schist, and Westerly granite (using a block oriented with respect to the granite's rift, grain, and hardway). Progress has been made in three areas: the experimental determination of strength anisotropies for the three starting materials, theoretical treatment and modeling of the results, and characterization of fabrics surrounding magma bodies resulting from their diaperic emplacement into shallow portions of the Earth's crust. In addition, results have been obtained for the tensile fracture of quartzite, basal slip and anisotropy of biotite single crystals, and anisotropic flow of bedded rocksalt.

With increasing environmental concerns regarding the handling and storage of uranium waste, recycling previously used material is becoming exceedingly more important. Carbon is one of the primary trace impurities that builds up in uranium with repeated use. The goal of this study is to reduce carbon in recycled uranium during the casting process to carbon levels associated with virgin uranium derbies. Vacuum-induction casting experiments have demonstrated that hafnium (Hf) additions to unalloyed uranium (U) reduce carbon (C) levels by approximately 80% in up to 6.0 in. in depth in 5 {times} 7 {times} 15 in. (width {times} depth {times} thickness) book mold castings. Analytic modeling of the solidification process was initiated to compare the calculated/predicted thermal profile to the actual experimentally measured temperatures. Temperature profile predictions matched the experimental values at the top of the casting and accurately determined that the predominant heat loss is out of the bottom of the book mold assembly. However, the model overpredicts the temperature half way down the length of the casting. The boundary heat transfer coefficient at the bottom of the casting needs to be more accurately simulated. 4 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Research on promoted metal oxide catalysts has continued with the study of alkaline earth/metal oxide halide catalysts. A barium bromide/alumina catalyst was comparable in methane conversion and selectivity to C{sub 2}'s to barium chloride/alumina catalysts. The effects of varying methane to oxygen feed ratios were explored for one of the best alkaline earth catalysts and one of the best literature catalysts (Li/MgO). A significant decrease in the selectivity to C{sub 2}'s is observed upon addition of ethane to the feed gas (feed gas methane/ethane ratio of 3). This observation demonstrates that a significant amount of ethane should not be recycled during methane oxidation over these types of catalysts under process conditions used. Methane oxidation over barium carbonate alone results in high enough selectivities and methane conversions to suggest an oxidized barium species may be responsible for methane oxidation on barium/metal oxide catalysts. Methane coupling studies have continued using layered perovskite catalysts in the cofeed mode and double perovskite catalysts in the sequential mode. Addition of sodium to the double perovskite LaCaMnCoO{sub 6} resulted in a catalyst with improved selectivity over the one without sodium. A reactor system containing two reactors in under construction. These reactors will be used to study …

The Tritium Emissions Reduction Facility (TERF) is being built by EG G Mound Applied Technologies to provide improved control of the tritium emissions from gas streams being processed. Mound handles tritium in connection with production, development, research, disassembly, recovery, and surveillance operations. During these operations, a small fraction of the tritium being processed escapes from its original containment. The objective of this report is to describe the human factors engineering as performed in connection with the design, construction, and testing of the TERF as required in DOE Order 6430.1A, section 1300-12. Human factors engineering has been involved at each step of the process and was considered during the preliminary research on tritium capture before selecting the specific process to be used. Human factors engineering was also considered in determining the requirements for the TERF and when the specific design work was initiated on the facility and the process equipment. Finally, human factors engineering was used to plan the specific acceptance tests that will be made during TERF installation and after its completion. These tests will verify the acceptability of the final system and its components. 16 refs., 8 figs.

The objectives of the trip were: to take part in and to give the summary of a Symposium on Radiation Carcinogenesis at Tokyo, and to give a talk at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences at Chiba. The breadth of the aspects considered at the conference was about as broad as is possible, from effects at the molecular level to human epidemiology, from the effects of tritium to cancer induction by heavy ions. The events induced by cancer that lead to cancer and the events that are secondary are beginning to come into better focus but much is still not known. Interest in suppressor genes is increasing rapidly in the studies of human tumors and many would predict that the three or four suppressor genes associated with cancer are only the first sighting of a much larger number.

The objective of this project is to produce one or more microorganisms capable of removing the organic and inorganic sulfur in coal. The specific technical objectives of the project are to: clone and characterize the genes encoding the enzymes of the 4S'' pathway (sulfoxide/sulfone/sulfonate/sulfate) for release of organic sulfur from coal; return multiple copies of genes to the original host to enhance the biodesulfurization activity of that organism; transfer this pathway into a fast-growing chemolithotrophic bacterium; and conduct a batch-mode optimization/analysis of scale-up variables. This report presents the results of research at Battelle during the 5th Quarterly Report period beginning on June 15, 1990. 1 ref., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of the molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. Specifically, the molecules are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties. In addition, they model carotenoid antenna function in photosynthesis (singlet-singlet energy transfer from carotenoid polyenes to chlorophyll) and carotenoid photoprotection from singlet oxygen damage (triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids).

The performance of any injector contemplated to replace the electrostatic tandem accelerators some time in the future should evidently match or surpass the characteristics of the tandems. It is a fortunate coincidence that the performance of the BNL tandem satisfies in most respects the requirements of the proposed collider, although originally tandems were not built with this application in mind. Requests for heavy ion beams with parameters suitable for injection into the rings of a heavy ion collider have appeared rather recently, at a stage when the high charge state ion sources, which in principle are capable of producing many ion species, have not yet reached such a level of performance. Therefore, consideration of such sources as part of a future injector replacing the tandem accelerators will have to rely on the extrapolation of results from existing models, developed for a different purpose. At the same time, present and future collider requirements for heavy ion beams should serve as a stimulus for the development of sources producing ions with adequate charge states and intensities. Injectors based on such sources may present a better alternative than the tandem accelerators because a higher charge-to-mass ratio of ions from the source results in …

The three boxes being reviewed all operate at a pressure of less than 15 psig. Since they are relieved at 13 psig, they fall outside the scopes of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Fermilab Engineering Standard SD-37B, and Chapter 5031 of the Fermilab Safety Manual, therefore a Pressure Vessel Engineering Note showing compliance with SD-37B is not required. In calculating the design stresses, only the largest of the three boxes, the signal board feed-thru box, was analyzed. This box had the largest spans and areas and would experience the largest pressure-related forces. The thinnest walls of each box were found to be in the top plates and they were also the side of the box which exposed the largest amount of area to internal pressure. The signal board feed-thru box top plate had at least twice the pressure area than either the instrumentation or hi-voltage boxes' top plates. This large disparity overshadows the slight difference in top plate thicknesses between the three boxes (0.56-inch vs. 0.25-inch and 0.3125-inch, respectively). Therefore, we felt the analysis of the larger signal board feedthru box would justify the design of the smaller instrumentation and hi-voltage boxes. Appended to the end of this engineering note …

The primary objective of the project is to investigate the magnetic nature of the higher alcohol synthesis catalyst-Cu/Co supported on specific supports: chromia and titania with and without an alkali metal promoter, and examine the relations between catalytic and magnetic properties.

The objective of this project is to produce one or more microorganisms capable of removing the organic and inorganic sulfur in coal. The original specific technical objectives of the project were to: clone and characterize the genes encoding the enzymes of the ``4S`` pathway (sulfoxide/sulfone/sulfonate/sulfate) for release of organic sulfur from coal; return multiple copies of genes to the original host to enhance the biodesulfurization activity of that organism; transfer this pathway into a fast-growing chemolithotropic bacterium; conduct a batch-mode optimization/analysis of scale-up variables.

Black spots and other blemishes were found on the inside surface of small stainless steel pressure vessels by borescope inspection. Most of the black spots originated from pyrolysis of lint contaminating the interior surface of these parts prior to welding. The lint originated from cotton gloves used to handle parts and from cotton gauze used to clean the parts. Pyrolysis of other hydrocarbons can also create black spots. 34 figs.

This thesis presents the results of some of the author's work in the High Energy Physics Group at Brown University, work done within the framework of the D0 collaboration at the Fermilab National particle accelerator. To allow a broader audience an easier understanding of the experimental data presented, a brief review of the relevant areas of Particle Physics precedes the description of the experimental setup and results. Monte Carlo simulations of Z boson production at the D0 experiment were made to allow for precise predictions of expected data at the accelerator when construction reaches completion. The specific work that was executed is presented in detail, from the point of view of experimental high energy research, followed by comments on the results obtained and on possible future directions. 4 refs., 15 figs.

Much of the equipment and instrumentation in the Pu-238 production facilities is more than 15 years old. Significant improvements have been made in the available instrumentation, in particular, due to the application of microprocessors and lasers. The Actinide Technology Section of SRL has selected and is in the process of evaluating several state-of-the-art instruments which have potential applications in the Pu-238 program. The ease of operation and the accuracy of the instruments have been improved and, in most cases, the cost of the instruments have decreased. 5 refs.

This report covers the initial year`s effort in the development of an Operational Life Model (OLM) for the SP-100 Space Reactor Power System. The initial step undertaken in developing the OLM was to review all available documentation from GE on their plans for the OLM and on the degradation and failure mechanisms envisioned for the SP-100. In addition, the DEGRA code developed at JPL, which modelled the degradation of the General Purpose Heat Source based Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (GPHS-RTG), was reviewed. Based on the review of the degradation and failure mechanisms, a list of the most pertinent degradation effects along with their key degradation mechanisms was compiled. This was done as a way of separating the mechanisms from the effects and allowing all of the effects to be incorporated into the OLM. The emphasis was on parameters which will tend to change performance as a function of time and not on those that are simply failures without any prior degradation.