1. A study was made of the interaction between beryllium ions (Be(NO3)2) and oxalic, malonic, succinic, lactic, citric, maleic, and salicylic acids by determining the H+ ion concentration. It was established that the degree of interaction between Be2+ ions and organic acids can be arranged in the following series: oxalate = malonate > salicylate > maleate + citrate > tartrate > succinate > lactate. 2. The inability of the Be2+ ion to form only slightly disassociated compounds in the reaction with oxalic acid can be used in the determination of aluminum in the presence of beryllium.

1. The reaction between beryllium salts and salicylic acid was studied by the spectrophotometric method in the ultra violet portion of the spectrum. The optimum pH value for this process was found to be 9.0 to 9.5. 2. Two independent methods showed that beryllium and salicylic acid form a compound in the ration 1:2. The instability constant was determined for the a complex of the formula (Be OH Sal2)3- names (4.9 +- 0.6) x 10-18. 3. The stability of the complex and the availability of the reagents makes the reaction investigated a suitable one for analytical applications.

The possibilities of producing graphite impermeable to gases and liquids, and suitable for nuclear applications, are discussed. The physical properties of such graphites depend on the different sealing processes and starting materials developed especially for the purpose. In the development of reactor grade graphite, described in a previous article, Germany was well behind other countries. As far as the making of impermeable graphite is concerned, however, advanced processes for and experience in the manufacture of impermeable materials for the chemical industry were available here before the publication of other research in this field. Liquid -- and gas -- impregnation methods are discussed mainly. The problems of sealing and the degree of impermeability that can be obtained are shown using different measuring techniques. Finally, a description is given of "pyrographite", a newly rediscovered old graphite material.

Pressure drop and heat transfer in annular tubes have been measured. The surface of the inner tube was artificially roughened. The investigation covered a range of Reynolds numbers from 200 to 100,000. The maximum heat flux, directed from the inner tube to the fluid, was about 316 W/cm2 or 2.7 x 10(6) kcal/m(2) h. The heat transfer medium was water. The hydraulic diameter of the annular tube served as characteristic length in the dimensionless Reynolds and Nusselt number. The results of all experiments are presented in graphic form. Heat transfer and pressure drop increase with the degree of roughness and depend on the type and arrangement of the roughness elements chosen.

A method of gas measurement in the volume range 10(-4) - 10(-8)cc utilizing Töpler gas transport and Pirani-Stern hot-wire manometer principles is described. Sources of error are discussed and methods of avoiding them are given.

EDTA is an eluant with many possibilities for analytical chemistry. The authors present the results obtained in the separation of carrier-free radioisotopes; separation of Ba, Sr, Y, La; preparation of 228(Ra) from thorium; separation of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. All the results were obtained with Dowex 50.

It has been shown by studying the possibilities for determining the constants in stepwise complex formation by the interaction of hydrolyzed metal ions and ligands, that in a vast number of cases the direct measurements of metal ion and ligand activities ae necessary. Complete formulae for calculation are given and the conditions which allow some simplifications are established.

1. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies were caried out on the crystal lattice of beryllium oxide annealed at 2000 degrees. 2. It was determined that neutron diffraction data confirms X-ray conclusions of the positions of beryllium atom positions in the crystal lattice of beryllium oxide. 3. From neutron diffraction data the values of the temperature fact B + 0.92 and the Debye characteristic temperature theta = 602 +- 13 degrees K were found.

Details are given of a programme written in FORTRAN without format for an IBM 1620 computer, which computers structure factors for crystals of any symmetry. X-ray scattering factors are approximated to by exponential functions. Lp and temperature corrections are incorporated in the computations of the intensities of X-ray and neutron data collected by either the powder method or the equatorial plane method from single crystals.

Cadmium ratio measurements in the internal reflector of MOATA have been made with gold, indium, tungsten, manganese, molybdenum, and copper detectors. These measurements have been analyzed on the assumption that the neutron spectrum consists of a Maxwellian distribution to which is smoothly joined a 1/E slowing down spectrum cross sections being averaged according to the methods of Westcott. A search through recent literature suggests that the factors for gold and indium listed by Westcott are in error. If this is accepted then it appears that the measured epithermal spectrum is closely 1/E in form for neutron energies between one and six hundred eV. The corrections to be applied when foils of finite thickness are used in cadmium ratio measurements are discussed, and the spectrum derived from these measurements has been used to calculate reaction rate ratios of copper; indium and copper ; gold alloy foils. These ratios have been compared with measured values. Values of the effect resonance intergral of P:198 wire detectors have been measured and from these values an estimate has been made of the infinitely dilute resonance integral of this isotope.

Preliminary experiments using acetylacetone in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to separate major quantities of beryllium from fission products are reported. Using 2M beryllium solutions, decontamination factors of the order of 10/sup 3/ were obtained with trace quantities of the more important fission products. This is sufficiently encouraging for the work to be repeated at higher activity levels.

Formulas are developed for the angle between any two vectors lying in a plane through the origin of reciprocal space. The application of these formulas for computing the counter and crystal angles for the collection of data with a counter-- diffractometer in the equatorial plane is developed, and a suitable computer program, written in FORTRAN without format suitable for an IBM 1620 computer, is described.

An IBM 1620 program is described that calculates the Bragg angles for cubic, hexagonal, and tetragonal crystal systems for use with powder x-ray diffraction techniques. Allowance is made for absent reflections in the case of face- and body-centered cubic and close-packed hexagonal materials.

A programme is given to calculate the critical sized and the two-group flux distributions in a cylindrical reactor with identical top and bottom reflectors. The core is not reflected on the sides. In addition to the size and the flux distributions the programme outputs the initial fuel investment together with parameters which will enable evaluation of the fission heat release distribution. The output of a parameter to enable the manual calculation of coolant outlet temperature from a gas cooled reactor is also available. The programme may be used for reflector salvage studies, for heat distribution calculations, or as a check programme for a more ambitious calculations.

An analysis of the behavior of the asymptotic flux on either side of a strongly absorbing grey slab in an otherwise uniform medium, with an arbitrary distribution of sources, leads to a method of accounting for the effect of the slab within the framework of the diffusion approximation. It is necessary to introduce a new parameter, the linear extrapolation distance at the surface of the slab in an anti-symmetrical neutron distribution.

An I.B.M. 1620 programme is described which calculates refined lattice parameters from X-ray diffraction data according to Hess' Method. The programme may be used for cubic, hexagonal, and tetragonal systems and three systematic error functions are included. The output includes the refined parameters their stand errors, and the misfit of the data at each experimental point.

The isotopes of lutecium were used to measure the neutron temperatures in two collimated beans of neutrons emerging from HIFAR>

A survey of the aqueous coordination chemistry of beryllium is given. The possible use of coordination chemistry in the separation of beryllium from fission products is discussed, outlining methods for separation processes.

Details are given of an apparatus used to dissolve irradiated ceramic, metallic, and carbide fuel specimens, to dilute the dissolver solutions accurate to a known volume, and to take aliquots with a specially adapted automatic burette. Procedures for its use are given.

The performance of a Schultz-type texture goniometer is shown to be adversely affected by a number of experimental errors all of which result in defocusing of the diffracted beam. Those errors result from the tilting of the specimen, from lack of precision in positioning it and from its absorption coefficient. An experimental procedure is outlined which minimized these errors and results in optimum performance of the instrument.

Methods are described for the determination of traces of Be, Th, and U in concentrated sulfuric-phosphoric acid mixtures. When the Be concentration is sufficiently high, the chrome azurol S spectrophotometric method may be applied directly, and a small correction made for phosphate interference. At lower concentrations Be should be first separated by an acetylacetone extraction. Th must be separated from sulfate and phosphate before the thoronol spectrophotometric method can be used. This is achieved by precipitating Th as the fluoride, using Y carrier. U may be determined spectrophotometrically with arsonazo after separating Be, Th, suIfate, phosphate, and other impurities by anion-exchange from hydrochloric acid solution. In an alternative procedure, U is reduced to the tetravalent state and precipitated with Th as the fluoride, again using Y carrier. The determination is then completed by a-c polarography.

A radioisotope method has been used to measure the flow in the light water circuit of HIFAR. A mean value of 756 pounds/sec was obtained which is in fair agreement with conventional Dall tube method. Attempts to measure the flow through individual cooling towers were not entirely successful, but some useful information was obtained.

An apparatus for differential thermal analysis of active or toxic materials is described. The technique is superior to thermogravimetric analysis. Analysis of the dehydration of beryllium sulphate shows that the process takes place in three stages. Some applications are given for a modified apparatus for quantitative work.

The reactor transfer function of HIFAR has been measured at low power and compared with the calculated response determine the prompt neutron lifetime. Lifetime values in the range 600 to 800 microseconds, depending on the position of absorbers withing the core and reflector , were obtained with an estimated error of less than 100 microseconds.