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The India-Pakistan War of November-December 1971: Background, Causes, and The Role of American Diplomacy
This report discusses the November and December 1971, war between India and Pakistan over the persecution of Hindus by the West Pakistani army fighting East Pakistani rebels in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and their refusal to allow East Pakistan to become independent. The war ended with India's defeat of the West Pakistani army in East Pakistan and the recognition of the new country of Bangladesh. U.S. policy towards India and Pakistan is also discussed.
Date:
April 20, 1972
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1985 Oil Production of 21 Oil Producing Non-OPEC Countries
This report assesses the possibility of increased oil production from 21 less developed non-OPEC countries (excluding the Middle East and Mexico) by 1985. The forecast is compared with those prepared by the World Bank, the International Energy Agency, and others. The 21 Latin American, African, and Far East (including Asia) countries produce 2.5 million barrels of oil per day (BD) or 4.2% of world production, and they have 21 billion barrels of proved reserves, or 3.2% of the world total. In recent years these countries have consumed 3.1 million BD, some 0.9 million barrels in excess of their production. By 1985, the 21 countries may produce 3.9 million BD, an average annual increase of 5.0%; however, demand is expected to increase at an annual rate of 3.5% to 4.4 million BD. The net effect is that the 1985 aggregated supply-demand balance will be in deficit, by nearly 560 thousand BD, compared to slightly more than 930 thousand BD in 1976.
Date:
March 1, 1979
Creator:
Warner, Arthur J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Tests? Potential Test Ban Risks and Technical Benefits
None
Date:
July 17, 1996
Creator:
Medalia, Jonathan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
India-Pakistan Nuclear Tests and U.S. Response
None
Date:
November 24, 1998
Creator:
LePeor, Barbara Leitch; Medalia, Jonathan & Rennack, Dianne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries
Agriculture (as measured by share of gross domestic product and employment) is a significant economic sector in seven Central and South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. All of these countries are net food importers. Some have experienced successive years of drought, which has contributed to noticeable declines in agricultural output and the need to increase commodity imports. The United Nations’ World Food Program reports that both Afghanistan and Tajikistan are currently in need of emergency food assistance to cover sizable food deficits. The food outlook in Afghanistan is made uncertain by ongoing military conflict.
Date:
November 16, 2001
Creator:
Jurenas, Remy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Status
None
Date:
June 11, 2002
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan
In October 2002, the United States confronted North Korea about its alleged clandestine uranium enrichment program. Soon after, the Agreed Framework collapsed, North Korea expelled international inspectors, and withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in developing longer range missiles.
Date:
May 7, 2003
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan
In October 2002, the United States confronted North Korea about its alleged clandestine uranium enrichment program. Soon after, the Agreed Framework collapsed, North Korea expelled international inspectors, and withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in developing longer range missiles.
Date:
March 11, 2004
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
A stable, democratic, economically thriving Pakistan is vital to U.S. interests in Asia. Key U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a pivotal ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests in the region.
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education Reform in Pakistan
This report reviews education reform efforts in pakistan and U.S. assistance, and includes discussion of current policy.
Date:
December 23, 2004
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan's Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission: U.S. Policy Constraints and Options
None
Date:
January 25, 2005
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.; Kronstadt, K. Alan & Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments
Pakistan is a strategically important country and home to one of the world’s largest Muslim populations. In October 1999, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Gen. Pervez Musharraf replaced Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a bloodless coup. In the wake of the military overthrow of the elected government, Islamabad faced considerable international opprobrium and was subjected to automatic coup-related U.S. sanctions. The September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and Musharraf’s ensuing withdrawal of support for the Afghan Taliban regime, however, had the effect of greatly reducing Pakistan’s international isolation. Congress removed restrictions, and large-scale U.S. aid to the country resumed, in the final months of 2001.
Date:
February 14, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Threat Reduction Measures for India and Pakistan
None
Date:
February 17, 2005
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
None
Date:
March 2, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan’s Nuclear Proliferation Activities and the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission: U.S. Policy Constraints and Options
In calling for a clear, strong, and long-term commitment to the military-dominated government of Pakistan despite serious concerns about that country’s nuclear proliferation activities, The 9/11 Commission cast into sharp relief two longstanding dilemmas concerning U.S. policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. First, in an often strained security relationship spanning more than five decades, U.S. and Pakistani national security objectives have seldom been congruent. Pakistan has viewed the alliance primarily in the context of its rivalry with India, whereas American policymakers have viewed it from the perspective of U.S. global security interests.
Date:
May 24, 2005
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.; Kronstadt, K. Alan & Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
None
Date:
May 26, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan: Chronology of Recent Events
This report describes the social and political situation in Pakistan. The report presents the important events in chronological order.
Date:
July 25, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
None
Date:
July 26, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments
Pakistan is a strategically important country and home to one of the world’s largest Muslim populations. In October 1999, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Gen. Pervez Musharraf replaced Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a bloodless coup. Following the military overthrow of an elected government, Islamabad faced considerable international opprobrium and was subjected to automatic coup-related U.S. sanctions. The September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and Musharraf’s ensuing withdrawal of support for the Afghan Taliban regime, however, had the effect of greatly reducing Pakistan’s international isolation. Congress temporarily removed restrictions, and large-scale U.S. aid to the country resumed, in late 2001. The United States views Pakistan as a vital ally in the international antiterrorism coalition.
Date:
September 19, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
This report provides background and analysis on Pakistan and discusses most recent developments, as well as Pakistan-U.S. relations.
Date:
October 13, 2005
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
This report discusses U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord, which was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States into the enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. This report outlines key aspects of the U.S.-Pakistan relationship, as well as of Pakistan's economic conditions, political environment, handling of ongoing separatist violence, and nuclear nonproliferation.
Date:
June 21, 2006
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Trade Between North Korea and Pakistan
U.S. intelligence officials claimed Pakistan was a key supplier of uranium enrichment technology to North Korea, and some media reports suggested that Pakistan had exchanged centrifuge enrichment technology for North Korean help in developing longer range missiles. U.S. official statements leave little doubt that cooperation occurred, but there are significant details missing on the scope of cooperation and the role of Pakistan's government. The roots of cooperation are deep. North Korea and Pakistan have been engaged in conventional arms trade for over thirty years. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) trade between North Korea and Pakistan raises significant issues for Congress, which are discussed at length in this report.
Date:
October 11, 2006
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan--Internal Stability and U.S. Response: CRS Experts
This report provides access to names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to Pakistan's internal stability and the U.S. response.
Date:
November 5, 2007
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy
This report provides background information on social and political situation in Pakistan. The report discusses the political crisis, parliamentary elections, new civilian government in Pakistan and its implications for U.S. policy.
Date:
April 9, 2008
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library