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Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran (open access)

Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran

This report analyzes the effect that sanctions have had in contributing to the achievement of U.S. objectives on Iran and analyzes several scenarios that might affect whether sanctions are eased or increased, or that might affect the effectiveness of the sanctions. It briefly reviews the imposition of sanctions, both by the United States and the international community, and discusses their stated objectives.
Date: April 22, 2014
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries (open access)

Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries

Agriculture (as measured by share of gross domestic product and employment) is a significant economic sector in seven Central and South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. All of these countries are net food importers. Some have experienced successive years of drought, which has contributed to noticeable declines in agricultural output and the need to increase commodity imports. The United Nations’ World Food Program reports that both Afghanistan and Tajikistan are currently in need of emergency food assistance to cover sizable food deficits. The food outlook in Afghanistan is made uncertain by ongoing military conflict.
Date: November 16, 2001
Creator: Jurenas, Remy
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arms Control Ratification: Opportunities for Modifying Agreements (open access)

Arms Control Ratification: Opportunities for Modifying Agreements

This report briefly examines arms control ratification and opportunities for modifying agreements. On July 14, 2015, Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany (the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)--an agreement that restricts Iran's nuclear program in an effort to ensure that it can only be used for peaceful purposes.
Date: September 2, 2015
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arms Shipments to Iran (open access)

Arms Shipments to Iran

This report provides background and examines key questions in regards to the shipments of arms to Iran and the subsequent diversion of funds to Nicaraguan guerrillas by the Reagan Administration.
Date: April 3, 1987
Creator: Preece, Richard M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy

This report discusses the current state of Bahrain, which has undergone substantial political reforms since the late 1990s, but which still suffers from tension between the Shiite majority and the Sunni-led government. This report focuses particularly on Bahrain's relationship with Iran and Bahrain's relationship with the United States.
Date: June 1, 2009
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 (open access)

The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11

This report analyzes war funding for the Department of Defense (DOD) and tracks funding for USAID and Veteran's Affairs (VA) Medical funding. Information on costs helps Congress to assess the FY2010 Supplemental for war costs for the Department of Defense (DOD) and State/USAID FY2011 war requests; conduct oversight of past war costs; and consider the longer-term costs implications of the buildup of troops in Afghanistan and potential problems in the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
Date: March 29, 2011
Creator: Belasco, Amy
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 (open access)

The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11

This report analyzes war funding for the Defense Department and tracks funding for USAID and VA Medical funding. Information on costs is useful to Congress to assess the FY2010 Supplemental for war costs for the Department of Defense (DOD) and State/USAID, FY2011 war requests, conduct oversight of past war costs, and consider the longer-term costs implications of the buildup of troops in Afghanistan and potential problems in the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
Date: July 16, 2010
Creator: Belasco, Amy
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Logistical Support Contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan: Issues for Congress (open access)

Defense Logistical Support Contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan: Issues for Congress

This report examines logistical support contracts for troop support services in Iraq and Afghanistan (for Afghanistan, beginning with LOGCAP IV) administered through the U.S. Army's Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP). LOGCAP is an initiative designed to manage the use of civilian contractors that perform services during times of war and other military mobilizations.
Date: January 27, 2010
Creator: Bailey Grasso, Valerie
System: The UNT Digital Library
Doing Business with Iran: EU-Iran Trade and Investment Relations (open access)

Doing Business with Iran: EU-Iran Trade and Investment Relations

This report discusses the European Union's (EU's) resumption of business with Iran after the signing of the 2015 nuclear disarmament agreement which led to the lifting of nuclear related sanctions. It outlines rates of business and major investments in Iran by European companies and the effect possible U.S. re-imposition of sanctions against Iran may have on the market and U.S.-EU relations.
Date: October 25, 2017
Creator: Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D. & Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Iran Nuclear Deal (open access)

Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Iran Nuclear Deal

This report discusses the response of the non-U.S. parties to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to the Trump Administration's decision to cease implementing U.S. commitments under the agreement. The other parties, which include the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, China, the European Union (EU) and Iran, opposed the U.S. move and have undertaken intensive negotiations to try to preserve the accord.
Date: June 27, 2018
Creator: Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Katzman, Kenneth & Mix, Derek E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Iran Nuclear Deal (open access)

Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Iran Nuclear Deal

This report discusses efforts by the non-U.S. parties to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)--the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, China, the European Union (EU) and Iran--to preserve the accord after the United States announced they would cease implementation.
Date: September 7, 2018
Creator: Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Katzman, Kenneth & Mix, Derek E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extending NASA’s Exemption from the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act (open access)

Extending NASA’s Exemption from the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act

None
Date: May 8, 2008
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Niktin, Mary Beth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geology, Soil, and Climate at Specific Points Throughout the World, Volume 2: Europe, U.S.S.R., and Southwest Asia (open access)

Geology, Soil, and Climate at Specific Points Throughout the World, Volume 2: Europe, U.S.S.R., and Southwest Asia

This is part of a series of reports that cover the study of 202 sites throughout the world providing data on rock and soil to a depth of 100 feet and on climatic conditions. This volume discusses locations in Europe, the U.S.S.R. and Southwest Asia.
Date: October 1966
Creator: Ruane, Paul J.; Woo, C. C.; Gardner, Louis S.; Newton, Elisabeth G.; Reimer, Allen & Zarza, Ray
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress

Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood, a Sunni religious and political organization founded in Egypt in 1928 that has branches throughout the world. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada consider Hamas a terrorist organization. The overarching U.S. goal regarding Hamas is to deter, transform, marginalize, or neutralize it so that it no longer presents a threat to Israel's security, to a peaceful and lasting resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, or to other U.S. interests. This report discusses U.S. efforts and policy debates on these issues.
Date: December 2, 2010
Creator: Zanotti, Jim
System: The UNT Digital Library
IAEA Budget and U.S. Contributions: In Brief (open access)

IAEA Budget and U.S. Contributions: In Brief

This report discusses the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA's) budget and funding. In addition to its other missions, the IAEA is monitoring and verifying Iranian compliance with the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and is to report on these activities regularly. The accord is intended to lift nuclear related U.S., European Union, and United Nations sanctions on Iran in exchange for restrictions on the country's nuclear program.
Date: February 17, 2016
Creator: Epstein, Susan B. & Kerr, Paul K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Implications of Iranian Elections (open access)

Implications of Iranian Elections

This report briefly describes the Iranian election process and the implications of this Election's results. On February 26, 2016, Iran held elections for the 290-seat Majles (parliament) and for the 88-seat body called the "Assembly of Experts," which is empowered to choose a successor to the Supreme Leader and rewrite Iran's constitution.
Date: March 4, 2016
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
India and Iran: WMD Proliferation Activities (open access)

India and Iran: WMD Proliferation Activities

This report discusses India's nonproliferation record and reported transfers to Iran of limited nuclear, chemical, and missile-related materials. Members of Congress have questioned whether India's cooperation with Iran might affect U.S. and other efforts to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons.
Date: November 8, 2006
Creator: Squassoni, Sharon
System: The UNT Digital Library
India-Iran Relations and U.S. Interests (open access)

India-Iran Relations and U.S. Interests

This report examines India-Iran relations and U.S. interests. India's growing energy needs and its relatively benign view of Iran's intentions will likely cause policy differences between New Delhi and Washington. India seeks positive ties with Iran and is unlikely to downgrade its relationship with Tehran at the behest of external powers, but it is unlikely that the two will develop a broad and deep strategic alliance. India-Iran relations are also unlikely to derail the further development of close and productive U.S.-India relations on a number of fronts.
Date: August 6, 2007
Creator: Kronstadt, K. Alan & Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

To address the challenges facing the U.S. intelligence community in the 21st century, congressional and executive branch initiatives have sought to improve coordination among the different agencies and to encourage better analysis. This report discusses these challenges and efforts the current and previous Administrations and Congresses have taken and are taking to address them. The report includes criticism of the intelligence community's efforts regarding Iraq, Iran, and other areas. Improved analysis remains a key goal in these discussions.
Date: October 14, 2010
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program (open access)

Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program

This report discusses the recent development regarding the negotiations with Iran about its nuclear program. The report provides background information on Iranian nuclear program and debates the November 24 Joint Plan of Action Elements.
Date: December 11, 2013
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Kerr, Paul K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The International Space Station and the Iran Nonproliferation Act (INA): The Bush Administration's Proposed INA Amendment (open access)

The International Space Station and the Iran Nonproliferation Act (INA): The Bush Administration's Proposed INA Amendment

The Iran Nonproliferation Act (P.L. 106-178), as originally enacted, prohibited the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from purchasing Russian goods and services for the U.S.-led International Space Station (ISS) unless the President certified that Russia was not proliferating certain technologies to Iran. On July 12, 2005, the Bush Administration submitted to Congress an amendment to allow NASA to purchase goods and services from Russia to support the ISS. That presented a classic policy dilemma. Without access to Russian spacecraft, the U.S. use of the ISS could be extremely limited. Yet Russian entities were continuing proliferation activities relating to missile proliferation according to the Department of State. This report explains the Bush Administration proposal and resulting congressional action.
Date: December 5, 2005
Creator: Smith, Marcia S. & Squassoni, Sharon
System: The UNT Digital Library
The International Space Station and the Iran Nonproliferation Act (INA): The Bush Administration's Proposed INA Amendment (open access)

The International Space Station and the Iran Nonproliferation Act (INA): The Bush Administration's Proposed INA Amendment

None
Date: November 14, 2005
Creator: Smith, Marcia S. & Squassoni, Sharon
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran and Israel: Tension Over Syria (open access)

Iran and Israel: Tension Over Syria

This report discusses the tensions between Iran and Israel, which have been exacerbated since 2011 by Iranian military operations in support of the Syrian government.
Date: October 24, 2018
Creator: Humud, Carla E.; Katzman, Kenneth & Zanotti, Jim
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: Arms and Technology Acquisitions (open access)

Iran: Arms and Technology Acquisitions

Report on Iran's military armaments, with initiatives to block Iran from receiving more weapons, international agreements, foreign policy, and more.
Date: June 22, 1998
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
System: The UNT Digital Library