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Electrochemical storage cell containing a substituted anisole or di-anisole redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection and suitable for use in liquid organic and solid polymer electrolytes (open access)

Electrochemical storage cell containing a substituted anisole or di-anisole redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection and suitable for use in liquid organic and solid polymer electrolytes

A electrochemical cell is described comprising an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte; and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging selected from the group consisting of: (a) a substituted anisole having the general formula shown in a figure (in an uncharged state): where R{sub 1} is selected from the group consisting of H, 0CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, and OCH{sub 2}phenyl, and R{sub 2} is selected from the group consisting of OCH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2} phenyl, and O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}; and (b) a di-anisole compound having the general formula shown in a second figure (in an uncharged state): where R is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sup 3} and -CH{sub 3}, m is either 1 or 0, n is either 1 or 0, and X is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sub 3} (methoxy) or its lithium salt -O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}. The lithium salt of the di-anisole is the preferred form of the redox shuttle additive because the shuttle anion will then initially have a single negative charge, it loses two electrons when it is oxidized at the cathode, …
Date: March 1998
Creator: Kerr, John B. & Tian, Minmin
System: The UNT Digital Library
Autogenous electrolyte, non-pyrolytically produced solid capacitor structure (open access)

Autogenous electrolyte, non-pyrolytically produced solid capacitor structure

This report discusses the design of a solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte comprised of manganese dioxide dispersed in an aromatic polyamide capable of to forming polyimide linkages. This solid electrolyte being disposed between a first electrode made of valve metal covered by an anodic oxide film and a second electrode opposite the first electrode. The electrolyte autogenously produces water, oxygen, and hydroxyl groups which act as healing substances and is not itself produced pyrolytically. Reduction of the manganese dioxide and the water molecules released by formation of imide linkages result in substantially improved self-healing of anodic dielectric layer defects.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Sharp, D. J.; Armstrong, P. S. & Paintz, J. K. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Continuous injection of an inert gas through a drill rig for drilling into potentially hazardous areas (open access)

Continuous injection of an inert gas through a drill rig for drilling into potentially hazardous areas

A drill rig for drilling in potentially hazardous areas includes a drill having conventional features such as a frame, a gear motor, gear box, and a drive. A hollow rotating shaft projects through the drive and frame. An auger, connected to the shaft is provided with a multiplicity of holes. An inert gas is supplied to the hollow shaft and directed from the rotating shaft to the holes in the auger. The inert gas flows down the hollow shaft, and then down the hollow auger, and out through the holes in the bottom of the auger into the potentially hazardous area.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: McCormick, S.H. & Pigott, W.R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Indirect-Fired Gas Turbine Dual Fuel Cell Power Cycle (open access)

Indirect-Fired Gas Turbine Dual Fuel Cell Power Cycle

The present invention relates generally to an integrated fuel cell power plant, and more specifically to a combination of cycles wherein a first fuel cell cycle tops an indirect-fired gas turbine cycle and a second fuel cell cycle bottoms the gas turbine cycle so that the cycles are thermally integrated in a tandem operating arrangement. The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to the employer-employee relationship between the United States Department of Energy and the inventors.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Micheli, Paul L.; Williams, Mark C. & Sudhoff, Frederick A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laser barometer (open access)

Laser barometer

This paper describes an invention of a pressure measuring instrument which uses laser radiation to sense the pressure in an enclosed environment by means of measuring the change in refractive index of a gas - which is pressure dependent.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Abercrombie, K.R.; Shiels, D. & Rash, T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Method for producing iron-based acid catalysts (open access)

Method for producing iron-based acid catalysts

A method for preparing an acid catalyst with a long shelf-life is described. Crystalline iron oxides are doped with lattice compatible metals which are heated with halogen compounds at elevated temperatures.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Farcasiu, M.; Kathrein, H.; Kaufman, P. B. & Diehl, J. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A method for treating electrolyte to remove Li{sub 2}O (open access)

A method for treating electrolyte to remove Li{sub 2}O

Electrorefining has been used in processes for recovering uranium and plutonium metals from spent nuclear fuel. The electrorefining is performed in an electrochemical cell in which the chopped fuel elements from the reactor forms the anode, the electrolyte, preferably, is the fused eutectic salt of the LiCl-KCl which contain UCl{sub 3} and PuCl{sub 3}. Purified metal collected at the cathode collects at the bottom of the cell. This invention provides a method for removing lithium oxide from the electrolyte salt, with the end formation of a solid lithium-aluminium alloy.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Tomczuk, Z.; Miller, W. E.; Johnson, G. K. & Willit, J. L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Process for making silver metal filaments (open access)

Process for making silver metal filaments

This invention relates to a process for making filaments of metal compounds and more particularly to a process for making silver metal filaments. The United States Government has rights to this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-AC05-8421400 with Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. awarded by the US Department of Energy.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Bamberger, C.E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A process for off-gas particulate removal (open access)

A process for off-gas particulate removal

This paper describes an off-gas system for the removal of radioactive particulates from a melter for the vitrification of radioactive wastes to form glass waste forms. A diagram is provided.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: Carl, D. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Separation of catalyst from Fischer-Tropsch slurry (open access)

Separation of catalyst from Fischer-Tropsch slurry

This paper describes a process for the separation of catalysts used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The separation is accomplished by extraction in which the organic compounds in the wax are dissolved and carried away from the insoluble inorganic catalyst particles that are primarily inorganic. The purified catalyst can be upgraded by various methods.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: White, C.M.; Quiring, M.S.; Jensen, K.L.; Hickey, R.F. & Gillham, L.D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Very Large Aperture Diffractive Space Telescope (open access)

Very Large Aperture Diffractive Space Telescope

A very large (10's of meters) aperture space telescope including two separate spacecraft--an optical primary functioning as a magnifying glass and an optical secondary functioning as an eyepiece. The spacecraft are spaced up to several kilometers apart with the eyepiece directly behind the magnifying glass ''aiming'' at an intended target with their relative orientation determining the optical axis of the telescope and hence the targets being observed. The magnifying glass includes a very large-aperture, very-thin-membrane, diffractive lens, e.g., a Fresnel lens, which intercepts incoming light over its full aperture and focuses it towards the eyepiece. The eyepiece has a much smaller, meter-scale aperture and is designed to move along the focal surface of the magnifying glass, gathering up the incoming light and converting it to high quality images. The positions of the two space craft are controlled both to maintain a good optical focus and to point at desired targets.
Date: April 20, 1998
Creator: Hyde, Roderick Allen
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rippled beam free electron Laser Amplifier (open access)

Rippled beam free electron Laser Amplifier

A free electron laser amplifier provides a scalloping annular electron beam that interacts with the axial electric field of a T{sub 0n} mode. A waveguide defines an axial centerline and . A solenoid arranged about the waveguide produces an axial constant magnetic field within the waveguide. An electron beam source outputs a annular electron beam that interacts with the axial magnetic field to have an equilibrium radius and a ripple radius component having a variable radius with a ripple period along the axial centerline. An rf source outputs an axial electric field that propagates within the waveguide coaxial with the electron beam and has a radial mode that interacts at the electron beam at the equilibrium radius component of the electron beam.
Date: April 21, 1998
Creator: Carlsten, Bruce E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cyanoethylated Compounds as Additives in Lithium/Lithium Ion Batteries (open access)

Cyanoethylated Compounds as Additives in Lithium/Lithium Ion Batteries

The power loss of lithium/lithium ion battery cells is significantly reduced, especially at low temperatures, when about 1% by weight of an additive is incorporated in the electrolyte layer of the cells. The usable additives are organic solvent soluble cyanoethylated polysaccharides and poly(vinyl alcohol). The power loss decrease results primarily from the decrease in the charge transfer resistance at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.
Date: May 8, 1998
Creator: Nagasubramanian, Ganesan
System: The UNT Digital Library
Titanium Carbide Bipolar Plate for Electrochemical Devices (open access)

Titanium Carbide Bipolar Plate for Electrochemical Devices

Titanium carbide comprises a corrosion resistant, electrically conductive, non-porous bipolar plate for use in an electrochemical device. The process involves blending titanium carbide powder with a suitable binder material, and molding the mixture, at an elevated temperature and pressure.
Date: May 8, 1998
Creator: LaConti, Anthony B.; Griffith, Arthur E.; Cropley, Cecelia C. & Kosek, John A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced adhesion for LIGA microfabrication by using a buffer layer (open access)

Enhanced adhesion for LIGA microfabrication by using a buffer layer

The present invention is an improvement on the LIGA microfabrication process wherein a buffer layer is applied to the upper or working surface of a substrate prior to the placement of a resist onto the surface of the substrate. The buffer layer is made from an inert low-Z material (low atomic weight), a material that absorbs secondary X-rays emissions from the substrate that are generated from the substrate upon exposure to a primary X-rays source. Suitable materials for the buffer layer include polyamides and polyimide. The preferred polyimide is synthesized from pyromellitic anhydride and oxydianiline (PMDA-ODA).
Date: May 22, 1998
Creator: Bajikar, Sateesh S.; DeCarlo, Francesco & Song, Joshua J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved Spatial Filter for high power Lasers (open access)

Improved Spatial Filter for high power Lasers

A new pinhole architecture incorporates features intended to reduce the rate of plasma generation in a spatial filter for high-energy laser pulse beams. An elongated pinhole aperture is provided in an apertured body for rejecting off-axis rays of the laser pulse beam. The internal surface of the elongated aperture has a diameter which progressively tapers from a larger entrance cross-sectional area at an inlet to a smaller output cross-sectional area at an outlet. The tapered internal surface causes off-axis rays to be refracted in a low density plasma layer that forms on the internal surface or specularly reflected at grazing incidence from the internal surface. Off-axis rays of the high-energy pulse beam are rejected by this design. The external surface of the apertured body adjacent to the larger entrance cross-sectional area at the inlet to the elongated aperture is angled obliquely with respect to the to direction of the path of the high-energy laser pulse beam to backscatter off-axis rays away from the high-energy pulse beam. The aperture is formed as a truncated cone or alternatively with a tapered square cross-section. The internal surface of the aperture is coated with an ablative material, preferably high-density material which can be deposited …
Date: June 1, 1998
Creator: Estabrook, Kent G.; Celliers, Peter M.; Murray, James E.; DaSilva, Luiz; MacGowan, Brian J.; Rubenchik, Alexander M. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reduction of B-Integral Accumulation in Lasers (open access)

Reduction of B-Integral Accumulation in Lasers

A pulsed laser is provided wherein the B-integral accumulated in the laser pulse is reduced using a semiconductor wafer. A laser pulse is generated by a laser pulse source. The laser pulse passes through a semiconductor wafer that has a negative nonlinear index of refraction. Thus, the laser pulse accumulates a negative B-integral. The laser pulse is then fed into a laser amplification medium, which has a positive nonlinear index of refraction. The laser pulse may make a plurality of passes through the laser amplification medium and accumulate a positive B-integral during a positive non-linear phase change. The semiconductor and laser pulse wavelength are chosen such that the negative B-integral accumulated in the semiconductor wafer substantially cancels the positive B-integral accumulated in the laser amplification medium. There may be additional accumulation of positive B-integral if the laser pulse passes through additional optical mediums such as a lens or glass plates. Thus , the effects of self-phase modulation in the laser pulse are substantially reduced.
Date: June 5, 1998
Creator: Meyerhofer, David D. & Konoplev, Oleg A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Free Motion Scanning System (open access)

Free Motion Scanning System

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic scanner and method for the imaging of a part surface, the scanner comprising: a probe assembly spaced apart from the surface including at least two tracking signals for emitting electromagnetic radiation and a transmitter for emitting ultrasonic waves onto a surface in order to induce at least a portion of said waves to be reflected from the surface, at least one detector for receiving the electromagnetic radiation wherein the detector is positioned to receive said radiation from the tracking signals, an analyzing means for recognizing a three-dimensional location of the tracking signals based on said emitted electromagnetic radiation, a differential conversion means for generating an output signal representative of the waveform of the reflected waves, and a means for relating said tracking signal location with the output signal and projecting an image of the resulting data. The scanner and method are particularly useful to acquire ultrasonic inspection data by scanning the probe-over a complex part surface in an arbitrary scanning pattern.
Date: June 18, 1998
Creator: Sword, Charles K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Miniature Videoprobe Hockey Stick Delivery System (open access)

Miniature Videoprobe Hockey Stick Delivery System

The present invention is a miniature videoprobe system having a probe termination box, a strong back, and a videoprobe housing. The videoprobe system is able to obtain images from a restricted space at least as small as 0.125 inches while producing a high quality image. The strong back has a hockey stick shape with the probe termination box connecting to the top of the handle-like portion of the hockey stick and the videoprobe housing attaching to the opposite end or nose of the hockey stick shape. The videoprobe housing has a roughly arrowhead shape with two thin steel plates sandwiching the internal components there between. The internal components are connected in series to allow for a minor dimension of the videoprobe housing of 0.110 inches. The internal components include an optics train, a CCD chip, and an electronics package. An electrical signal is transmitted from the electronics package through wiring within an internal channel of the strong back to the probe termination box. The strong back has milled into it multiple internal channels for facilitating the transfer of information, items, or devices between the probe termination box and the videoprobe housing.
Date: June 18, 1998
Creator: Hale, Lester R. & McMurry, Kyle M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Automated Detection and Location of Indications in Eddy Current Signals (open access)

Automated Detection and Location of Indications in Eddy Current Signals

A computer implemented information extraction process that locates and identifies eddy current signal features in digital point-ordered signals, said signals representing data from inspection of test materials, by enhancing the signal features relative to signal noise, detecting features of the signals, verifying the location of the signal features that can be known in advance, and outputting information about the identity and location of all detected signal features.
Date: June 30, 1998
Creator: Brudnoy, David M.; Oppenlander, Jane E. & Levy, Arthur J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved Consolidation Process for Producing Ceramic Waste forms (open access)

Improved Consolidation Process for Producing Ceramic Waste forms

A process for the consolidation and containment of solid or semisolid hazardous waste, which process comprises closing an end of a circular hollow cylinder, filling the cylinder with the hazardous waste, and then cold working the cylinder to reduce its diameter while simultaneously compacting the waste. The open end of the cylinder can be sealed prior to or after the cold working process. The preferred method of cold working is to draw the sealed cylinder containing the hazardous waste through a plurality of dies to simultaneously reduce the diameter of the tube while compacting the waste. This process provides a quick continuous process for consolidating hazardous waste, including radioactive waste.
Date: July 24, 1998
Creator: Hash, Harry C. & Hash, Mark C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optical State-of-Change Monitor for Lead-Acid Batteries (open access)

Optical State-of-Change Monitor for Lead-Acid Batteries

A method and apparatus for determining the instantaneous state-of-charge of a battery in which change in composition with discharge manifests itself as a change in optical absorption. In a lead-acid battery, the sensor comprises a fiber optic system with an absorption cdl or, alternatively, an optical fiber woven into an absorbed-glass-mat battery. In a lithium-ion battery, the sensor comprises fiber optics for introducing light into the anode to monitor absorption when lithium ions are introduced.
Date: July 24, 1998
Creator: Weiss, Jonathan D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
In-Line Thermoelectric Module (open access)

In-Line Thermoelectric Module

A thermoelectric module with a plurality of electricity generating units each having a first end and a second end, the units being arranged first end to second end along an-in-line axis. Each unit includes first and second elements each made of a thermoelectric material, an electrically conductive hot member arranged to heat one side of the first element, and an electrically conductive cold member arranged to cool another side of the first element and to cool one side of the second element. The hot member, the first element, the cold member and the second element are supported in a fixture, are electrically connected respectively to provide an electricity generating unit, and are arranged respectively in positions along the in-line axis. The individual components of each generating unit and the respective generating units are clamped in their in-line positions by a loading bolt at one end of the fixture and a stop wall at the other end of the fixture. The hot members may have a T-shape and the cold members an hourglass shape to facilitate heat transfer. The direction of heat transfer through the hot members may be perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer through the cold members, and …
Date: July 28, 1998
Creator: Pento, Robert; Marks, James E. & Staffanson, Clifford D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remote Adjustable focus Raman Spectroscopy Probe (open access)

Remote Adjustable focus Raman Spectroscopy Probe

A remote adjustable focus Raman spectroscopy probe allows for analyzing Raman scattered light from a point of interest external to the probe. An environmental barrier including at least one window separates the probe from the point of interest. An optical tube is disposed adjacent to the environmental barrier and includes along working length compound lens objective next to the window. A beam splitter and a mirror are at the other end. A mechanical means is used to translate the probe body in the X, Y, and Z directions resulting in a variable focus optical apparatus. Laser light is reflected by the beam splitter and directed toward the compound lens objective, then through the window and focused on the point of interest. Raman scattered light is then collected by the compound lens objective and directed through the beam splitter to a mirror. A device for analyzing the light, such as a monochrometer, is coupled to the mirror.
Date: July 28, 1998
Creator: Schmucker, John E.; Blasi, Raymond J. & Archer, William B.
System: The UNT Digital Library