In an effort to determine if there is a specific conformational structure which is most effective at the appropriate active physiological site, the synthesis of a group of sterically restricted analogs was undertaken. A portion of the polymethylene carbon skeleton of glutaric acid was replaced by selected aromatic carbons in benzenedicarboxylic acids to produce a series of ridged conformers, and the relative plant growth regulating properties of these derivatives were determined.

The levels of total nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and their redox states were determined as the function of growth in S. cerevisiae. Cells growing in a medium containing 0.8% glucose exhibit two phases of exponential growth, utilizing glucose and ethanol, respectively. The NAD pool is 50% reduced during both stages of growth while the NADP pool is 67% reduced in glucose growth and 48% reduced in ethanol growth. The NAD/NADP ratio is constant during growth on glucose and a two-fold increase in the NAD/NADP ratio occurs upon exhaustion of glucose. The increased ratio is maintained during growth on ethanol. This alteration in the regulation of the relative levels of NAD and NADP may be due to a change in the regulation of NAD kinase and/or NADP phosphatase activities. These changes may be related to the redox state of the NADP pool.

The development of an analytical method for the determination of total organic-bound chlorine (TOCl) produced during the chlorination of municipal wastewater effluents is presented. Sewage effluent from the Denton, Texas municipal treatment plant was chlorinated at high chlorine doses (1000 - 4000 ppm), as well as typical treatment levels. Chlororganics present in the wastewater, before and after chlorination, were concentrated by adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2 macroreticular resin, followed by elution with diethyl ether. After concentration, the extracts were analyzed for TOC1 by microcoulometry. Analysis of wastewater extracts revealed the production of substantial amounts of new chlorinated organics when effluents were treated with chlorine. The method shows good precision and estimated accuracy is favorable.

In model reaction systems to test amino acids in chlorinated waste effluents, several amino acids were chlorinated at high chlorine doses. (2000-4000 mg/1). Amino acids present in municipal waste effluents before and after chlorination were concentrated and purified using cation exchange and Chelex resins. After concentration and cleanup of the samples, the amino acids were derivatized by esterification of the acid functional groups and acylation of the amine groups. Identification and quantification of the amino acids and chlorination products was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using a digital computer data system. Analysis of the waste products revealed the presence of new carbon-chlorine bonded derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine when the effluents were treated with heavy doses of chlorine.

A series of oxovanadium(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from substituted salicylaldehyde and aminoalcohols has been prepared and characterized. The Schiff bases coordinate through 0, N, and 0 as tridentate bivalent ligands. The primary purpose of the investigation is to describe the structure and bonding in these complexes. The subnormal magnetic properties of the complexes provide much information about both the structure and the bonding in the complexes.

The research described herein is concerned with the synthesis of certain organic compounds which have the amino-oxy grouping and are related in structure to the naturally occurring amines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine.

In an effort to study the spectral, magnetic, and stereochemical properties of vanadyl complexes, both a new series of vanadyl complexes derived from type (VII) ligands with subnormal magnetic moment and from type (VIII) ligands with normal magnetic moment are synthesized and characterized.

The purpose of the investigation described herein was to investigate the degree of delocalization of the unpaired electron in ion radicals formed in the oxidation process of compounds with aromatic rings connected by means of various groups and atoms not entering the ring; then, to establish the relationship of coupling constants in radical cations with substituent σ values. The parent cation radical, in which the co-planar ion was derived from N,N-dimethylaniline, was selected in order to maximize the substituent effects on coupling constants and to obtain couplings at several positions (specifically, CH3, N, and ring protons).

This investigation involved the synthesis of 1-amino-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid, a potential structural analog of the natural amino acids, serine and threonine. The title compound also includes the structural features present in an established antitumor agent, cycloleucine.

The principle objective of this study is to conduct a definitive investigation into the cycloaddition of allenes and ketenes, with particular emphasis on halogenated ketenes.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is twofold. The initial part of the problem was to prepare a non-sterically demanding bidentate phosphine ligand, 1,2-bis-(Phosphino)ethane, (P-en), and to determine the kinetics of (P-en)Mo(CO)4 with phosphites via spectrophotometric methods in an attempt to determine if steric effects are directing the type of mechanism followed.

This study is concerned with certain factors affecting the content of lactobacillic acid in Lactobacillus plantarum. Three main areas of investigation are reported herein. The effects of both the oxygen tension and the pH of the culture medium on the accumulation of lactobacillic acid were determined. In addition, monolayer studies were conducted to determine the influence of cyclopropane fatty acid content on the molecular packing of membrane lipids.

This thesis is an investigation of the vacuum uv spectra of the phosphorus, phosphoryl, and thiophosphoryl trichlorofluorides in the region 1250 to 3000A. Assignments for absorption bands are made utilizing results from photoelectron spectra and ab initio calculations, oscillator strengths for absorption bands, and CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculations. Results from CNDO/2 calculations are compared with theoretical calculations, and experimental data are discussed with regard to the bonding in the compounds.

This thesis reports the synthesis and characterization of two new copper(II) halide complexes with deprotonated N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine behaving as a bidentate. The magnetic properties of the new copper(II) complexes were studied from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The magnetic data show that both complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions with a singlet ground state and a thermally accessible triplet excited state. Magnetic data and infrared spectra indicate the complexes are halogenbridged. Deprotonation at an amine nitrogen is based on the presence of a hydroxyl stretching band in the infrared spectra. Electronic spectra and infrared spectra indicate the complexes are square planar. Elemental analyses, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, electron spin resonance spectra, and magnetic data are reported and discussed.

The synthesis and characterization of two new Schiff base copper(II) complexes are reported. These are Cu(acac: 2-amino-l-phenylethanol) and Cu(acac:2-amino-l-butanol). The ligands, derived from acetylacetone and the appropriate aminoalcohol, are dibasic tridentates with 0,N,O donor atoms. The magnetic properties of the complexes were studied at several temperatures between 78 OK and 296 OK. The magnetic moment of Cu(acac:2-amino-l-phenylethanol) varied little with temperature, and that of Cu(acac:2-amino-lbutanol) increased as the temperature was lowered. This is in contrast to the magnetic moment of Cu(acac:ethanolamine), which decreases as the temperature decreases. Molecular weight data, infrared spectra, magnetic data, electronic spectra, and electron spin resonance spectra of both complexes are reported and discussed.

In this work magnetic properties of copper(II) complexes on N-(hydroxyalkyl) pyrrole-2-aldimines were investigated by various techniques, one of which was magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic moments are not directly determined experimentally, but magnetic susceptibilities are.

A paucity of literature exists on the Independent System analysis of adjacent, parallel transition dipoles. Applying this theory and certain spectral information semiemperical calculations were made to predict absorption profiles and band intensities. To aid in the assignment of the 7*+7 absorption bands it was necessary to obtain the vacuum ultraviolet spectra of cyclohexane and cyclohexene. Because the spectra of these molecules contained sharp, atomic-like absorption bands a Rydberg series could be fitted to certain absorptions, thus the determination of their ionization potentials. Using Independent System analysis profiles and intensities of 7*+q-- absorption bands ins 'several methyl substituted 1,4- cyclohexadienes and isotetralin were predicted where general agreement was found with observed experimental spectra.

The present study has resulted in the development of a procedure for the specific chemical fragmentation of human phosphoglucose isomerase into a minimal number of peptides. A two-cycle procedure for cleaving the protein with 2-nitro-5- thiocyanobenzoic acid results in four primary peptides and three overlap peptides. The peptides can be readily separated on the basis of their size by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preliminary peptide alignments have been considered, and amino acid analyses have been performed. End-terminal analyses of the enzyme revealed a carboxyl terminal sequence of Asp-Val-Gln and a blocked amino terminus. The cysteine cleavage procedure provides an excellent method for the identification and location of specific genetic mutations of human phosphoglucose isomerase.

This thesis describes the synthesis and preliminary enzymatic study of glutaryl-S-(8-aminooctyl)-L-cysteinylglycine and glutaryl-S-(10-aminodecyl)-L-cysteinylglycine as inhibitors of glyoxalase I. These analogs of glutathione were prepared as potential ligands for affinity chromatography purification of glyoxalase I. The compounds were synthesized by a seven-step procedure in overall yields of 24% for the octyl analog and 33% for the decyl analog. Both compounds exhibited mixed type inhibition of the enzyme, with the decyl derivative being more inhibitory than the octyl derivative. The inhibition was nonlinear (parabolic) for both compounds. Although less inhibitory than the corresponding S-substituted glutathione derivatives, these analogs are promising candidates for affinity chromatography ligands. Such compounds may also be useful in studying the mechanism of glyoxalase I.

The biological activities of some homeosterically related analogs of dihydrofolic acid have been examined involving pyrimido[4,5-b][l,4]oxazine (8-oxapteridine) derivatives. It is anticipated that these compounds might interfere with the essential intermediary metabolic functions of the vitamin and thus serve as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Preliminary toxicity studies in microbial assay systems were disappointing; however, inhibitory effects were demonstrated in cell free enzyme systems. A comparison of the structure/activity relationships was determined using two folic acid coenzyme systems, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. The 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(substituted)-8-oxapteridines were generally more effective inhibitors than the corresponding 2,4-diamino analogs. The relative biological activity of a series of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-ω-phenylalkyl derivatives were examined, and the most active derivative was the 6-phenylethyl analog which appears to function as a mixed-type inhibitor involving partially competitive and partially non-competitive inhibition.

The three-dimensional x-ray structure of 2,2'-bipyridylglycinatochloro copper(II) dihydrate has been fully refined to a final R factor of 0.081. The bipyridyl and glycine ligands are arranged about the central copper atom in a square planar configuration while the chlorine atom is 2.635 angstroms above this plane directly over the copper atom. This unusually long distance is explained by the positioning of a glycine group on the opposite side of the square plane, resulting in a distorted octahedral arrangement. Also, the chlorine atom is linked to three oxygen atoms via hydrogen bonding, thus stabilizing the distorted octahedral complex.

The distribution of isozymes of triosephosphate isomerase was normal in all human tissues examined. This finding argues against the existence of tissue-specific isozymes. Normal distributions of isozymes were also found in patients with cri-du-chat syndrome. Thus it is unlikely that a gene for triosephosphate isomerase is located on the short arm of chromosome five in man. When triosephosphate isomerases from a wide range of species were examined by starch gel electrophoresis, definite evolutionary patterns were found. Kinetic studies were conducted on human triosephosphate isomerase under conditions simulating the intracellular environment of the erythrocyte. Calculations using the kinetic parameters obtained indicate that even in triosephosphate isomerase deficiency disease, enough enzyme activity remains that the rate of glycolysis should not become inhibited.

This study is concerned with the metabolism of L-asparagine in Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014). Theprimary area of investigation is the preliminary characterization of a previously unreported L-asparaginase enzyme in L. plantarum. This L-asparaginase was determined to be an inducible enzyme with variations in its activity level according to the L-asparagine level in the growth medium. L-Glutaminase could not be induced in this organism by L-glutamine, nor would L-glutamine induce the asparaginase activity. These and other studies with amino acid analogs demonstrated the high specificity of both induction and enzymic activity of the asparaginase. Various physical properties of the enzyme were studied. The enzyme was found to be inhibited by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This inhibition appears to be cooperative in nature and of the type exhibited by allosteric enzymes. These studies should be confirmed on a highly purified enzyme as these preliminary experiments were performed using a crude cell-free extract.

Ligands prepared from various combinations of aldehydes and ketones with the appropriate aminealcohol were complexed with cupric acetate monohydrate. The complexes with O,NO or N,N,O donor atoms were synthesized to study the influences of the ligand on molecular structure, spin-spin interaction, and on the value of the exchange integral. The magnetic data indicated that of the eight Cu(II) complexes discussed, two behaved differently from known analogous compounds. Cu (benzoylacetone :ethanolamine) was compared to Cu(acac:ethanolamine), and Cu(pyrr:oaminophenol) was compared to Cu(acac:o-aminophenol). Each pair of complexes was postulated to have the same molecular structure. The synthesis and characterization of Mn(pyrr:oaminophenol) 2H2 is also discussed. The following physical data were collected and discussed: elemental analysis, melting point, molecular weight, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, and magnetic susceptibility.