In Part One they formulate in a general way the problem of analyzing and evaluating the aberrations of quadrupole magnet beam systems, and of characterizing the shapes and other properties of the beam envelopes in the neighborhood of foci. They consider all aberrations, including those due to misalignments and faulty construction, through third order in small parameters, for quadrupole beam systems. One result of this study is the development of analytic and numerical techniques for treating these aberrations, yielding useful expressions for the comparison of the aberrations of different beam systems. A second result of this study is a comprehensive digital computer program that determines the magnitude and nature of the aberrations of such beam systems. The code, using linear programming techniques, will adjust the parameters of a beam system to obtain specified optical properties and to reduce the magnitude of aberrations that limit the performance of that system. They examine numerically, in detail, the aberrations of two typical beam systems. In Part Two, they examine the problem of extracting the proton beam from a synchrotron of 'H' type magnet construction. They describe the optical studies that resulted in the design of an external beam from the Bevatron that is …

In the analysis and evaluation of the role of the elementary school supervisor, the purpose was (1) to investigate relationships which might exist between certain personal and professional background characteristics of elementary school supervisors and the activities in which they engaged, (2) to determine the activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged, (3) to determine emphasis placed upon those activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged, and (4) to evaluate those activities in which elementary school supervisors engaged.

This study is an experiment to determine the effectiveness of high-speed drill on speed and accuracy achievement in the first semester of beginning typewriting at the high school level.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the public relations programs in selected Texas public school systems. From this evaluation, criteria were developed which will enable the administrators, particularly those in smaller school systems, to maintain stronger public relations programs. These public relations programs were evaluated in terms of the elements of sound public relations procedures.

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A discussion is presented of an investigation of the flow characteristics in a horizontal, converging-diverging nozzle for a two-phase, air- water system. The primary consideration, to determine the effects of accelerating the liquid phase by the gaseous phase, was measured in terms of nozzle exit water velocity, exit slip ratio, and exit acceleration factor. A gamma-ray-attenuation technique was used to determine these values by determining the average cross-sectional void fraction, the ratio of gas volume to total volume, for the air-- water mixture. (B.O.G.)

Test results are presented that show that a strong concrete weighing approximately 185 lb/ft/sup 3/ can be made using water, waste lead slag, and Ciment Fondu. Feasibility, materials, mortar tests, concrete tests, and Ciment Fondu concretes are discussed. A 24-in.-thick concrete shield wall would have to be increased in thickness by 5 in. if slag concrete is used in place of barytes or magnetite concrete. On a pound-for-pound basis, the waste lead slag concrete materials were 30% cheaper than barytes and magnetite concrete materials. (M.C.G.)

The Berkeley 15-inch hydrogen bubble chamber was used at the Bevatron to investigate pi /sup +/-p interactions at 600 Mev. Seventeen hundred and thirty- eight good events please delete abstract 28156

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The basic assumption of the Serber model in the description of high- energy nuclear reactions is that the interactions of incident particles with complex nuclei can be described in terms of individual particle-particle collisions within the nucleus. Calculations were performed making use of the basic assumption of the Serber model, a more realistic nuclear model, recent cross-section data, and an exact statistical sampling technique. The sampling technique has not been used previously in calculations of this type. Calculations were performed for incident e (as Fe/sup 59 /sup +/, e (as Fe/sup 59 /sup -/, neutrons, and protons on nuclei from lithium to uranium. The energy range of the incident particles varied from about 50 to 350 Mev, i.e., the energy region in which pion production is not likely. Free-particle cross sections were used in determining the collisions within the nucleus, and statistical sampling techniques were used throughout, The problem was coded for the IBM-7090. Extensive comparisons with experiment were made and the results indicate that the calculation can be used to predict most of the cascade data for incident nucleons on complex nuclei, but only the gross features of the data are predictable for incident pions on nuclei. The effects …

The heat capacity of In was measured from 0.08 to 4.2 deg K, and that of Sn from 0.09 to 1.2 deg K. The results on In show that below about 0.7 deg K the total superconducting-state heat capacity is less than the normal-state lattice heat capacity alone. This result is surprising compared with analyses of the heat capacity data of a superconductor made in the usual way. However, the effect was not observed in Sn. Comparisons with other pertinent experiments are made, and two proposed explanations of the effect are discussed. (auth)

Thesis submitted to University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Activities in a program to determine the wetting behavior of pure metals such as Au, Ag, Ge, Al, and Cu on solid Be are reported. Results of similar investigations of binary alloys such as Be--Ti, Be-Zr, and Be--Pd are also included. The contact angles of the molten metals on Be as a function of temperature, exposure time, and atmosphere were measured. The solid-liquid interfacial reactions occurring as a function of test temperature and atmosphere were investigated, and the liquid- vapor and internal surface tensions for those systems in which interfacial reactions did not appear to occur were calculated. (J.R.D.)

Very weak alpha branching in heavy elements was studied by a recently developed coincidence technique. This technique makes it possible to measure the energies and intensities of both alpha -particle groups and de-exciting radiation, even when the transition intensities are as low as 10/sup -8/ relative to the most intense alpha group. Twenty alpha -particle emitters from Po/sup 214/ to Fm were examined. 00+ states (beta vibrations) were observed in six even-even nuclei, and analogous states were found in three odd-mass nuclei. They are in general characterized by low alpha-decay hindrance factors and roughly equal de-excitation by electric monopole and quadrupole transitions. However, the deexcitation of these states is in disagreement with vibrational model predictions in certain cases; more important, the de-excitation and other properties of the states exhibit some irregular variations from nucleus to nucleus which are evidence for some particle character in the states. Information was also obtained about some other types of levels. A number of 1- states (octupole vibrations) were observed, and a possible 2- state was observed in U/sup 236/. A state that appears to be analogous to the 1-octupole states of even-even nuclei was observed in U/sup 235/. In Pu/sup 239/, a K = …

The problem of the bimolecular rate constant, alpha , for the mutual charge neutralization reaction (ion-ion recombination) for ions formed by the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of nitric oxide is considered. The pressure dependence of alpha over a pressure range of 10 to 600 torr for mixtures of a few hundred microns of NO with He, Ar, Kr, Xe, H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/ was measured. From the low-pressure limit of alpha , the rate constant for charge neutralization in the absence of a third body was found to be k/sub o/ = 2.1 plus or minus 0.4 x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 3// sec. The high-pressure limit of alpha was estimated to be 2.0 plus or minus 0.5 x 10/sup -6/ cm/sup 3//sec. The third-body efficiencies for promoting the charge-neutralization reaction were measured. The results, relative to He as the third-body gas, are H/sub 2/= 1.4 plus or minus 0.4, D/sub 2/= 1.5 plus or minus 0.4, Ar =3.6 plus or minus 0.8, Kr =4.3 plus or min11.0, N/sub 2/ = 5.2 plus or minus 1.1, and Xe = 6.8 plus or minus 1.5. The average ionic mobility in the gas mixtures is estimated, and the mobilities indicate that …

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The spectral distribution of the flux of positrons inside a beta radioactive medium was experimentally determined using an anthracene coincidence scintillation spectrometer. Positrons leaving a copper cavity source containing Cu/sup 64/ were absorbed in a thin anthracene crystal. The light pulse from the anthracene was recorded in a 256 channel analyzer if a NaI scintillation spectrometer nearby recorded simultaneously a count under the total absorption peak for annihilation radiation. Thus, discrimination against negative and secondary electrons was obtained which permitted observation of the primary positron slowing down flux. Data were corrected for the non-linear pulse height vs energy relationship in anthracene by a semi-empirical theory due to Birks, the validity of which was demonstrated by its use in obtaining a linear Fermi plot of Pm/sup 147/. Positron spectra were corrected also for Compton absorption of the annihilation radiation in the anthracene. Results were compared with the theoretical continuous-slowing-down model. Over the energy range measured (20-- 650 kev) it was concluded that the continuous-slowing-down model gives the correct shape for the primary slowing-down spectrum. 43 references. (auth)

Transport solutions to the monoenergetic plane, spherical, and cylindrical critical problems with isotropic scattering are developed by the method of singular expansion modes. The results are given in the form of exact expressions for the neutron distributions and criticality conditions. These expressions depend on expansion coefficients that are shown to satisfy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Successive approximations on the coefficients lead to the asymptotic results of diffusion theory as well as to easily accessible transport corrections. The expansions for the neutron distributions are derived by two different, but equivalent, methods. In the first method a three-dimensional expansion for the angular density is developed from the elementary solutions of the transport equation and then specialized to the desired geometry. For problems with plane symmetry, the resulting expression are used directly to determine the expansion coefficients, whereas in spherical and cylindrical geometries the specialization of the three-dimensional solutions yields a variety of representations for the respective angular densities. The second method consists of replacing the angular distributions by suitable density transforms and then determining the transforms completely with the aid of the integral equations for the neutron densities. In plane geometry this method leads to the conversion of the …

Production of {Lambda} + K{sup 0}, {Sigma}{sup 0} + K{sup 0}, and {Sigma}{sup -} + K{sup +} by 1170-MeV/c {pi}{sup -} mesons has been studied in the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory 72-inch hydrogen bubble chamber, Cross sections, angular distributions, and polarizations are presented. The polarization of the {Sigma}{sup 0} is determined at four center-of-mass angles and found to be small everywhere. Based on published results for the reaction {pi}{sup +} + p {yields} {Sigma}{sup +}, K{sup +}, a comparison of the polarizations of {Sigma}{sup +}, {Sigma}{sup -}, and {Sigma}{sup 0} is made from the charge-independence triangle. A conclusion is reached that the {Sigma}{sup -} polarization should be large, and that the {Sigma}{sup -} and {Sigma}{sup +} polarizations should be opposite in sign.

Thesis submitted to Univ. of Tennessee by L. C. Emerson. An experimental investigation of the visible and ultraviolet light emitted when a charged particle moves across a boundary between two media with different dielectric properties was carried out. The spectral distributions of the light from evaporated foils of copper, germanium, silver, tin, and antimony bombarded by a 1.5-microamp beam of electrons were measured as a function of electron energy between 25 and 100 kev. The analysis was carried out with a Seya-Namioka vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer, Glan-Foucault prism polarizer, and a quartz- window photomultiplier. Calibration of the optical system with a NBS tungsten filament lamp enabled the intensity measurements to be carried out on an absolute basis. The experimental results for light polarized parallel to the plane containing the photon and the electron were compared with the calculated intensity of transftion radiation, and in general the agreement was found to be excellent. The component of the photon intensity polarized perpendicular to this plane was compared with the calculated intensity of the optical portion of the bremsstrahlung spectrum. The predicted dependence on electron energy, photon wavelength, and foil thickness was observed although the measured yield was higher than that predicted by theory. …

The theory of thermoluminescence is reviewed. The spectral distribution of thermoluminescence and the activation energies associated with peaks of the glow curves were determined for samples of aromatic amino acids, trypsin, and spores of Bacillus megaterium irradiated by a Co/sup 60/ gamma source. All of the substances, except phenylalanine, exhibited a readily observable long-lived glow that persisted up to at least 2 hr following irradiation. Possible reaction mechanisms in the production of thermoluminescence in biological materials are discussed. (C.H.)

The twentieth century has witnessed a renaissance in the composition of choral music. Not since the Baroque, has choral writing held the prominent position with composers that it has today. At the same time, English composers have regained a stature and influence they have not held since the time of Purcell. It was not until the time of Edward Elgar, Gustave Holst, and Ralph Vaughn-Williams that English music began to recover from the decline of the nineteenth century. Benjamin Britten has played a large role in both the choral renaissance and the recovery of English music.

This study examines what makes a keyed brass instrument, early keyed brass instruments, and keyed brass instruments of today. Focuses on the Cornett, the Serpent, the Basshorn and Russian Bassoon, the Ophicleide, the Horn, the Keyed Trumpet, and the Keyed Bugle.

Definitions of the trumpet, although disagreeing in certain details, generally concur in a fundamental precept: that the tube of the trumpet is cylindrical for the greater part of its length while flaring into a bell at its end. This study outlines the history of the slide trumpet in England.