The topic of this symposium is the quest to discover, define, and interpret patterns in the universe. This quest has two parts. To discover and define these patterns is the task of science: this part of the quest is producing a copious flow of reliable information. To interpret or give meaning to these patterns is the task of natural philosophy: this part has not kept pace.

Recent results of surface produced negative ions are presented. Two low work function metal surfaces have been studied, barium and magnesium, in combination with several plasma generators; rf- and dc-filament discharges. The negative ion yield for barium is about 5 to 6 times larger than magnesium. This ratio is confirmed by model calculations on resonant charge exchange. 32 refs., 9 figs.

Simulations of Lattice QCD with 4 flavors of light staggered quarks (m = .025) were performed on a 12{sup 3} {times} 4 lattice, confirming the first order nature of the transition. Lattice QCD with a light isodoublet of staggered quarks (m = .0125), and a heavier singlet (m = .25) was studied, also on a 12{sup 3} {times} 4 lattice. The order of the transition was less clear. Improved glueball wavefunctions have been used to study glueball spectra in theories incorporating dynamical quarks. 10 refs., 3 figs.

The application of high resolution transmission electron microscopy to the study of homo- or hetero-phase interface structures requires specimens that meet stringent criteria. In some systems the necessary geometric imaging conditions are established naturally, thus greatly simplifying the analysis. This is illustrated for a diamond-hexagonal/diamond-cubic interface in deformed silicon, a {Sigma}99 tilt boundary in a pure aluminum bicrystal, and a germanium precipitate in an aluminum matrix. 13 refs., 5 figs.

Experimental investigations to test specific predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics and to adjust the free parameters of the theory are reviewed. Determinations of the strong coupling constant, {alpha}{sub s}, in {Upsilon}-decays and in the continuum of e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} annihilations are summarized and discussed. Studies on production rates of multijet hadronic final states in the center of mass energy range of 22 GeV to 93 GeV, including optimizations of both the scale parameter {Lambda}{sub {ovr MS}} and the renormalization scale {mu}{sup 2} in O({alpha}{sub s}{sup 2}) perturbative QCD, are presented. The status of experimental tests of the nonabelian nature of QCD is summarized. 48 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.

This paper examines the properties of sequential probability ratio tests (SPRT's) and the application of these tests to nuclear power reactor operation. Recently SPRT's have been applied to delayed-neutron (DN) signal data analysis using actual reactor data from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II, which is operated by Argonne National Laboratory. The implementation of this research as part of an expert system is described. Mathematical properties of the SPRT are investigated, and theoretical results are validated with tests that use DN-signal data taken from the EBR-II in Idaho. Variations of the basic SPRT and applications to general signal validation are also explored. 16 refs., 3 figs.

The formulations used for precompound decay models are presented and explained in terms of the physics of the intranuclear cascade model. Several features of spectra of medium energy (10--1000 MeV) reactions are summarized. Results of precompound plus evaporation calculations from the code ALICE are compared with a wide body of proton, alpha, and heavy ion induced reaction data to illustrate both the power and deficiencies of predicting yield of these reactions in the medium energy regime. 23 refs., 13 figs.

An approach has been formulated to route nuclear spent fuel over the US Interstate highway network. This approach involves the generation of alternative routes so that any potential adverse impacts will not only concentrate on regions along the shortest path between the nuclear power plant and repository. Extensive literature research on the shortest path finding algorithms has been carried out. Consequently, an extremely efficient shortest path algorithm has been implemented and significantly increases the overall system performance. State-of-the-art interactive computer graphics is used. In addition to easy-to-use pop-up menus, full color mapping and display capabilities are also incorporated. All of these features have been implemented on commonly available personal computers. 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Reactions in cloudwater can be important pathways for chemical transformation of atmospheric trace gases because of high solubility of reagent gases, rapid aqueous-phase kinetics, and large thermodynamic driving force. A key cloudwater reaction is oxidized of dissolved SO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. It is thus important to understand processes controlling H{sub 2}O{sub 2} formation in the atmosphere by gas- and aqueous-phase reactions of HO{sub 2} free radicals. A concern with models of free radical chemistry in cloudwater is that of the applicability of present chemical kinetic schemes to such complex milieus. This concern arises because, at the low free-radical concentrations expected for cloudwater, reactions of radicals with trace impurities are favored over radical-radical reactions, which dominate at high radical concentrations commonly employed in laboratory investigations. We report initial results of a study in which the rate of change in H{sub 2}O{sub 2} concentration is monitored in synthetic and authentic cloudwater in which HO{sub 2} radicals are produced by {sup 60}Co{gamma} radiolysis at rates comparable to those expected upon transfer of HO{sub 2} from interstitial cloud air to cloudwater. These results indicate that micromolar concentrations of Fe(III) decrease H{sub 2}O{sub 2} yields and can even lead to H{sub 2}O{sub 2} …

The topic of this symposium is the quest to discover, define, and interpret patterns in the universe. This quest has two parts. To discover and define these patterns is the task of science: this part of the quest is producing a copious flow of reliable information. To interpret or give meaning to these patterns is the task of natural philosophy: this part has not kept pace.

Photocopy of an article from the 'Women's News' section of the Tyler Morning Telegraph about Georgia Blaydes' art-inclusive curriculum. At the end it includes a mention of the grant from the Getty Center for Education in the Arts to UNT for the NTIEVA program.

We have searched 310 hadronic Z decays for evidence of new quarks and leptons. We set lower mass limits of 40.7 GeV/c{sup 2} for top, 45 GeV/c{sup 2} for bottom prime, and 42.4 GeV/c{sup 2} for a heavy neutral lepton assuming their decays are predominantly via the charged current. Limits are also set for other decay modes and for mixtures of decay modes. 10 refs., 10 figs.

A scanning and transmission electron microscopy study is presented of the microstructure of the Strombus gigas shell. The hierarchical nature of this crossed-lamellar structure and the defect content of the mineral component are described. The mineral component consists of small single crystal grains of aragonite, the metastable orthorhombic polymorph of CaCO{sub 3}. The habit and morphology of the grains discussed here have not been determined previously. The observed habit and defect structure suggest that the organic matrix exerts a high degree of control over the crystal growth of the mineral phase and is responsible for the long range order in the microarhitecture. Electron beam heating of the mineral component leads to certain phase changes and these are discussed. 15 refs., 6 figs.

A seismic expert workshop was held at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) on March 13--15, 1989. the PGDP is operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. for the United States Department of Energy (DOE). During the last twenty years the design criteria for natural phenomenon hazards has steadily become more demanding at all of the DOE Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) sites. The purpose of the two-day workshop was to review the seismic vulnerability issues of the PGDP facilities. Participants to the workshop included recognized experts in the fields of seismic engineering, seismology and geosciences, and probabilistic analysis, along with engineers and other personnel from Energy Systems. A complete list of the workshop participants is included in the front of this report. 29 refs.

This report is the proceedings of the Seminar on geothermal development opportunities in developing countries, sponsored by the Geothermal Division of the US Department of Energy and presented by the National Geothermal Association. The overall objectives of the seminar are: (1) Provide sufficient information to the attendees to encourage their interest in undertaking more geothermal projects within selected developing countries, and (2) Demonstrate the technological leadership of US technology and the depth of US industry experience and capabilities to best perform on these projects.

An interesting component of the physics program at Fermilab during the next ten years will be the precision verification of the standard model, rather than its extension. While there is a window for finding Z{prime} gauge bosons, it is unlikely that it is possible to discover the standard model Higgs boson. Measurements of W + {gamma} rates can place limits on non-standard gauge boson couplings. QCD will be further tested by observation of W or Z plus multiple jets, a signal which is also interesting as a background to new particle searches. Precision measurements of the W and Z masses and the forward-backward asymmetry in Z decays can put limits on new physics. 26 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Previously reported work by others indicates that dicopper trihydroxide nitrate, Cu{sub 2}NO{sub 3}(OH){sub 3}, forms on copper and copper alloys subjected to irradiated moist air near room temperature. We have performed experiments over a range of temperature and humidity, and have found that this species is formed at temperatures up to at least 150{degree}C if low to intermediate relative humidities are present. At 150{degree}C and 100% relative humidity, only Cu{sub 2}O and CuO were observed. The relative general corrosion rates of the copper materials tested in 1-month experiments at dose rates of 0.7 and 2.0 kGy/h were Cu > 70/30 Cu--Ni > Al-bronze. High-nickel alloy 825 showed no observable corrosion. 29 refs., 4 tabs.

Waste cleanup at the Hanford Site involves actions leading to the disposal of all radioactive and hazardous wastes, managed by the Waste Management Program, and the remediation of inactive sites and facilities, managed by the Environmental Restoration Program. The Waste Management Program consists of five missions: double-shell tank wastes, single-shell tank wastes, encapsulated cesium and strontium, solid wastes (SW), and liquid effluents. A general category of program support is also included. The Environmental Restoration Program consists of two missions: past practice units and surplus facilities. An extensive technology research, development, demonstration, testing, and evaluation (RDDT E) effort is under way. Emphasis is placed on research and development for missions where the technology to be implemented is uncertain, and on demonstration, testing, and evaluation for missions where the technology to be implemented is well developed. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

For quantitative predictions and comparisons of microstructures that evolve during exposure to different radiation environments at elevated temperature one needs to develop methods that go beyond those based on the number of displacements per atom. The number of freely migrating defects that contribute to the microstructural development is far less than the total number of defects produced, as has been recognized for some time from measurements of radiation-induced segregation and of radiation-enhanced diffusion. One major reason for the small amount of defects available for long range migration is the high concentration and close spatial correlation of vacancies and, to a somewhat lesser degree, of interstitials in cascades produced by high energy knock-ons. As a consequence, many defects either recombine or form immobile defect clusters during the defect formation and cooling phases of the cascades. After doses exceeding a few tenths of a displacement per atom, the residue of small clusters and dislocation loops of vacancy type remaining in the central portions of energetic cascades and subscascades, is the second major reason for the reduction of the mean free path of defects between creation and annihilation. Defect production in various neutron and ion irradiation environments is discussed in light of these …

Scaling laws are set down for a plasma cell used for transport, focusing and current neutralization of fine, intense, relativistic electron beams. It is found that there exists a minimum beam spot size, {sigma}{sub min} {approximately} {var epsilon}{sub n}(I{sub A}/{gamma}I){sup 1/2}, in such a focusing system. Propagation issues, including channel formation, synchrotron radiation, beam ionization and instabilities, are discussed. Numerical examples are given for a proof-of-principle experiment at KEK, an application for luminosity enhancement at the SLC, and a hypothetical TeV electron-positron collider. For a TeV collider, it is found that the effect of ion-motion on focusing, and the effect of Buneman instability on current neutralization must be considered. 3 figs., 1 tab.

We have developed models for the spin-weighted quark and gluon distribution in a longitudinally polarized proton. The model parameters are determined from current algebra sum rules and polarized deep-inelastic scattering data. A number of different scenarios are presented for the fraction of spin carried the constituent parton distributions. A possible long-range experimental program is suggested for measuring various hard scattering processes using polarized lepton and proton beams. With the knowledge gained from these experiments, we can begin to understand the parton contributions to the proton spin. 28 refs., 5 figs.

We discuss the principles and performance of a new type of high- current H{sup -} injector for RFQs. The distinguishing feature of our injector is that we replace the conventional gas-neutralized transport and matching units by electrostatic focusing units. Our system prevents plasma formation along the beam instead of utilizing it. Some advantages of this approach are discussed. 13 refs., 6 figs.

Computer program CICC has been written for use in the thermo-fluids design of superconducting magnets for tokamak reactors, which use forced-flow, helium-cooled, cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC). In addition to background heat loads that vary with space and time, these superconductors can develop normal zones that generate electrical resistance heat. Program CICC models the transient thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic system response to background heating and normal-zone propagation in the superconductor. The computational algorithm described in this paper couples a one-dimensional, compressible pipe-flow model (including flow choking) with two-dimensional, axisymmetric heat-conduction models of the superconductor cable, the conduit, and the epoxy-conduit insulation. National Institute of Standards and Technology helium properties are used. The model is verified by comparison with measured temperature and pressure profiles from thermal expulsion experiments. 10 refs., 9 figs.

We analyze the interactive migration of radioactive colloids and solute in fractured rock. Two possible interactions between radionuclides as colloids and as solute are considered: solute sorption on nonradioactive colloids to form pseudocolloids, and dissolution of radioactive colloids. Previous studies have discussed the formation and transport of colloids in porous media, including removal of colloids by filtration and sedimentation. Colloids can migrate faster than solute because of weaker sorption on stationary solids and because of hydrochromatography of colloid particles in flow channels. However, the migration of colloids and pseudocolloids can be retarded by the interaction of colloids with solute, and the migration of solute in local equilibrium with colloids can be more rapid than if colloids were not present. Here we present a new quantative analysis to predict the interactive migration of colloids and solute in porous and fractured media. 4 figs.