Two uses of the Perkin-Elmer (PE) robotic system will be presented. In the first, a PE robot functions as an automatic sample changer for up to five low energy photon spectrometry (LEPS) detectors operated with a Nuclear Data ND 6700 system. The entire system, including the robot, is controlled by an IBM PC-AT using software written in compiled BASIC. Problems associated with the development of the system and modifications to the robot will be presented. In the second, an evaluation study was performed to assess the abilities of the PE robotic system for performing complex analytical sample preparation procedures. For this study, a robotic system based upon the PE robot and auxiliary devices was constructed and programmed to perform the preparation of final product samples (UO{sub 3}) for accountability and impurity specification analyses. These procedures require sample dissolution, dilution, and liquid-liquid extraction steps. The results of an in-depth evaluation of all system components will be presented.

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is conducting numerous field monitoring studies of the induces of energy in buildings. Energy use monitoring techniques have been developed to provide reliable empirical measurements of energy consumption according to enduse and time of day. These measurements are analyzed in conjunction with climate and site characteristics data to determine energy use efficiencies and identify energy conservation and load management opportunities. This paper draws upon this experience to advance an approach to minimize the cost and maximize the benefits of field data collection projects for entire facilities.

The SP-100 reactor will be ground tested at the SP-100 Ground Engineering System (GES) Test Site on the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Project direction and the flight system design evolution have resulted in a smaller reactor size and the consequential revision to Test Site features to accommodate the design changes and reduce Test Site costs. The significant design events since the completion of the Conceptual Design are discussed in this paper.

In this paper we describe different formulations for treating the nucleon-nucleon transport physics. These will all be semi-classical treatments; however considerable work has been done considering the relationship between quantal and semi-classical formulations. We discuss additional input specific to calculation of pion and photon yields, and present comparisons between calculated and experimental results, mostly for high energy photons. Conclusions and suggestions for future work are presented in the last section. 65 refs., 7 figs.

I summarize the basic characteristics of the Superconducting Super Collider and describe the experimental environment of its high- luminosity interaction regions. I then review some of the discovery possibilities opened by the SSC, with special attention to the advantages conferred by particle identification. 16 refs., 8 figs.

With the advent of larger and faster computers, as well as modern shell model codes, nuclear structure calculations for the light nuclei (A<16) which include full 2/bar h/..omega.. model spaces are quite feasible. However, there can be serious problems in the mixing of 2/bar h/..omega.. and higher excitations into the low-lying spectra if the effective interaction is non-saturating. Furthermore, effective interactions which are both saturating and density dependent have not generally been used in previous nuclear structure calculations. Therefore, we have undertaken studies of /sup 4/He using two-body potential interactions which incorporate both saturation and density-dependence. Encouraging initial results in remedying the mixing of 0 and 2/bar h/..omega.. excitations have been obtained. We have also considered the effects of our interaction on the /sup 4/He compressibility and the centroid of the breathing mode strength. First indications are that a saturating effective interaction, with a short-range density dependent part and a long-range density independent part, comes close to matching crude predictions for the compressibility of /sup 4/He. 11 refs., 6 tabs.

Calculations of non-inductive current drive typically have been used with model MHD equilibria which are independently generated from an assumed toroidal current profile or from a fit to an experiment. Such a method can lead to serious errors since the driven current can dramatically alter the equilibrium and changes in the equilibrium B-fields can dramatically alter the current drive. The latter effect is quite pronounced in LH current drive where the ray trajectories are sensitive to the local values of the magnetic shear and the density gradient. In order to overcome these problems, we have modified a LH simulation code to accommodate elongated plasmas with numerically generated equilibria. The new LH module has been added to the ACCOME code which solves for current drive by neutral beams, electric fields, and bootstrap effects in a self-consistent 2-D equilibrium. We briefly describe the model in the next section and then present results of a study of LH current drive in ITER. 2 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

This paper discusses the following topics: ..beta.. decay to Higgs; upsilon decay; Z decay; e/sup +/e/sup /minus// above the Z; and very high energy hadron colliders. 26 refs., 4 figs. (LSP)

The meeting was prompted by recent problems with isotope availability from DOE accelerator facilities; these difficulties have resulted from conflicting priorities between physics experiments and isotope production activities. The workshop was a forum in which the nuclear medicine community, isotope producers, industry, and other interested groups could discuss issues associated with isotope availability (including continuous supply options), the role of DOE and industry in isotope production, and the importance of research isotopes to the future of nuclear medicine. The workshop participants endorsed DOE's presence in supplying radioisotopes for research purposes and recommended that DOE should immediately provide additional support for radionuclide production in the form of personnel and supplies, DOE should establish a policy that would allow income from sales of future ''routine'' radionuclide production to be used to support technicians, DOE should obtain a 70-MeV, 500-/mu/A variable-energy proton accelerator as soon as possible, and DOE should also immediately solicit proposals to evaluate the usefulness of a new or upgraded high-energy, high-current machine for production of research radionuclides. This proceedings volume is a summary of workshop sessions that explored the future radionuclide needs of the nuclear medicine community and discussed the DOE production capabilities that would be required to meet …

Optimum launch parameters are determined for localized electron-cyclotron current drive near the magnetic axis and the q=2 surface by solving several minimization problems. For central current drive, equatorial and bottom launch are compared. Localized current drive near q=2 is studied for equatorial launch and for an alternative outside launch geometry that may be better for suppressing tearing modes and controlling disruptions. 6 refs., 2 figs.

The way from an experimental measurement to the numerical value for a CKM matrix element is described. How do we choose the appropriate model. What are the uncertainties involved. Where should we direct our future efforts. How do loop processes help us. Finally we describe the state of the art of our knowledge of the CKM matrix. 6 refs.

Recent theoretical and experimental progress on the manifestation of CP violation in K decays, and toward understanding whether CP violation originates in a phase, or phases, in the weak mixing matrix of quarks is reviewed. 23 refs., 10 figs.

Results from recent searches in e/sup +/e/sup /minus// annihilation at PEP (..sqrt..s = 29 GeV) for a fourth-generation charged lepton associated with a slightly lighter neutrino partner are presented. Some emphasis is given to the most recent search, which uses a novel approach based on radiative tagging, an approach that holds promise as a general tool in searching for exotic events characterized by very low visible energy. Prospects for upcoming sequential lepton searches at SLC and LEP experiments are also discussed. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Study groups throughout the world have recently been examining possible parameter choices for a TeV-class linear collider. In all cases, they have concluded that in order to achieve useful luminosity within plausible cost constraints, the opposing beams of electrons and positrons must be focused to extraordinarily small spots and steered into collision with an unprecedented degree of accuracy. Some means of monitoring these beam parameters will be essential in order to guide the focusing and steering. In this talk, examples will be presented which illustrate the nature of these new requirements, along with a discussion of the limitations of conventional techniques for monitoring such beams and some recent measurements from the SLAC Linear Collider that show how the next level of resolution in beam monitoring will be achieved. 19 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

An ambiguity in the calculation of CKM matrix elements from semi- leptonic decay rates is resolved: to every choice of scales for the quark masses in the phase-space factor and in the QCD-correction factor, there corresponds a specific QCD-correction factor. This factor is modified in such a way as to make the final result independent of the scales. Specific expressions are given for the case of on-shell quark masses and for the case where both masses are taken at a single common scale. A calculation of /vert bar/V/sub cb//vert bar/ and /vert bar/V/sub ub//V/sub cb//vert bar/ is carried out in view of these clarifications. 5 refs.

The usefulness of x-ray absorption spectroscopy in studies of electronic structure in materials is discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs. (CBS)

Two-dimensional arrays of solid state detectors have long been used in visible and infrared systems. Hybrid arrays with separately optimized detector and readout substrates have been extensively developed for infrared sensors. The characteristics and use of these infrared readout chips with silicon PIN diode arrays produced by MICRON SEMICONDUCTOR for detecting high-energy particles are reported. Some of these arrays have been produced in formats as large as 512 /times/ 512 pixels; others have been radiation hardened to total dose levels beyond 1 Mrad. Data generation rates of 380 megasamples/second have been achieved. Analog and digital signal transmission and processing techniques have also been developed to accept and reduce these high data rates. 9 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.

The goal of the Final Focus Test Beam experiment (FFTB) is to produce an electron beam spot of 1 ..mu..m by 60 nm in transverse dimensions. In the future linear collider of TeV region (TLC), a typical spot size of 100 nm by 1 nm at the interaction point is required to get luminosity of 1 /times/ 10/sup 34/cm/sup /minus/2/s/sup /minus/1/. This spot size is about 1/1000 of the SLC in the vertical dimension, and is demanding for an optics design, alignments, beam diagnostics, and tuning procedures. The spot size of the FFTB will be an important next step from the SLC toward the TLC. This paper describes the design of the beam optics. 11 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

We predicted gravity values on a tower by upward continuing an extensive set of surface data in order to test the 1/r/sup 2/ dependence of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. We measured gravity at 12 heights up to 454 m on a tower at the Nevada Test Site, and at 91 locations on the surface of the earth within 2.5 kilometers of the tower. These data have been combined with 60,000 surface gravity measurements within 300 kilometers of the tower and have been used to predict the gravitational field on the tower via a solution of Laplace's equation. A discrepancy between the observed gravity values and the prediction could suggest a breakdown of Newtonian Gravity, but we observe none. Our preliminary results are consistent with the Newtonian hypothesis to within 93 +- 95 ..mu..gals at the top of the tower, a result which conflicts with the previously reported 500 ..mu..gal non-Newtonian signal seen at 562 meters above the earth. 24 refs., 2 figs.

Many laboratories around the world have begun vigorous research programs on a next generation linear collider (NLC). However, it has been recognized that the research towards NLC is beyond the capabilities of any one laboratory presently. This workshop was organized to begin a series of workshops that address this problem. Specifically, the main goals of the workshop were to discuss research programs of the various laboratories around the world, to identify common areas of interest in the various NLC designs, and finally to advance these programs by collaboration. The particular topics discussed briefly in this paper are: parameters, rf power, structures, final focus, beam dynamics, damping rings, and instrumentation. 2 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs.

Gabor or plasma lenses have previously been used to focus intense beams of positive ions at energies from 10 keV to 5 MeV. It is the large electrostatic field of the non-neutral plasma in the Gabor lens which is responsible for the focusing. Focusing an ion beam with a given sign of charge in a Gabor lens requires a non-neutral plasma with the opposite sign of charge as the beam. A Gabor lens constructed at Fermilab has been used to focus a 30 keV proton beam with good optical quality. We discuss studies of the action of a Gabor lens on a beam of negative ions. A Gabor lens has been considered for matching an H/sup /minus// beam into an RFQ in the redesign of the low energy section of the Fermilab linac. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

HREM studies typically examine only one projection of a structure and information in the electron beam direction is lost. In most cases, the structure in this direction is uniform and already known, but in others a second projection needs to be observed. This could involve preparing a second specimen sectioned at right angles to the first, or as described here, tilting a specimen through /plus minus/45/degree/ and observing the same volume in orthogonal projections. The specimen used here was of GaAs islands on <001> silicon, examined in the Atomic Resolution Microscope at LBL. 5 refs., 2 figs.

The field of elementary particle, or high energy, physics seeks to identify the most elementary constituents of nature and to study the forces that govern their interactions. Increasing the energy of a probe in a laboratory experiment increases its power as an effective microscope for discerning increasingly smaller structures of matter. Thus we have learned that matter is composed of molecules that are in turn composed of atoms, that the atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, and that the atomic nucleus is a collection of protons and neutrons. The more powerful probes provided by high energy particle accelerators have taught us that a nucleon is itself made of objects called quarks. The forces among quarks and electrons are understood within a general theoretical framework called the ''standard model,'' that accounts for all interactions observed in high energy laboratory experiments to date. These are commonly categorized as the ''strong,'' ''weak'' and ''electromagnetic'' interactions. In this lecture I will describe the standard model, and point out some of its limitations. Probing for deeper structures in quarks and electrons defines the present frontier of particle physics. I will discuss some speculative ideas about extensions of the standard model …

When one attempts to construct classical wormholes in Minkowski signature Lorentzian spacetimes violations of both the weak energy hypothesis and averaged weak energy hypothesis are encountered. Since the weak energy hypothesis is experimentally known to be violated quantum mechanically, this suggests that a quantum mechanical analysis of Minkowski signature wormholes is in order. In this note I perform a minisuperspace analysis of a simple class of Minkowski signature wormholes. By solving the Wheeler-de Witt equation for pure Einstein gravity on this minisuperspace the quantum mechanical wave function of the wormhole is obtained in closed form. The wormhole is shown to be quantum mechanically stabilized with an average radius of order the Planck length. 8 refs.