This article discusses the discovery of an archive of ancient music near San Rafael and Santa Ana de Velasco.

This conference is dedicated to providing an overview of the state of the art in the use of iterative methods for solving sparse linear systems with an eye to contributions of the past, present and future. The emphasis is on identifying current and future research directions in the mainstream of modern scientific computing. Recently, the use of iterative methods for solving linear systems has experienced a resurgence of activity as scientists attach extremely complicated three-dimensional problems using vector and parallel supercomputers. Many research advances in the development of iterative methods for high-speed computers over the past forty years are reviewed, as well as focusing on current research.

We have used sum frequency generation (SFG) to study the order in a silane monolayer before and after the deposition of a coadsorbed liquid crystal monolayer. We observe an increase in the order of the chain of the silane molecule induced by the interpenetration of the liquid crystal molecules. By using second harmonic generation (SHG) and SFG, we have studied the orientation and conformation of the liquid crystal molecule on clean and silane coated glass surfaces. On both surfaces, the biphenyl group is tilted by 70{degree} with the alkyl chain end pointing away from the surface. The shift in the C-H stretch frequencies in the coadsorbed system indicates a significant interaction between molecules. 9 refs., 3 figs.

The Thermionic Fuel Element (TFE) Verification Program is funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) with the objective of demonstrating a fuel element design for a multimegawatt-class thermionic reactor for space power systems (Bohl and Ranken 1987). A number of contractors and DOE laboratories are involved in this program. These include General Atomics (GA), which is responsible for the overall technical development, fabrication, and processing of components and TFE prototypes for fast reactor testing and Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), which has the responsibility for implementation of the fast reactor irradiation program. 1 ref., 3 figs.

We discuss the physics objectives of the DLS program with some emphasis on the possible use of dileptons as a probe of pion dynamics in nuclear matter. Data on p + Be reactions at 1-5 GeV and Ca + Ca at 1 GeV/A are presented. The observation of a structure at twice the pion mass in the e/sup +/e/sup /minus// invariant mass spectra above 2 GeV beam energy and the excitation function for the p + Be reaction suggest that pion annihilation is the main dielectron source above 2 GeV. The dielectron mass spectrum from Ca + Ca at 1 GeV/A exhibits an inverse slope larger than the one from p + Be at the same beam energy. 14 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

The spontaneous collapse of energetic displacement cascades in metals into vacancy dislocation loops has been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Simulations of 5 keV recoil events in Cu and Ni provide the following scenario of cascade collapse: atoms are ejected from the central region of the cascade by replacement collision sequences; the central region subsequently melts; vacancies are driven to the center of the cascade during resolidification where they may collapse into loops. Whether or not collapse occurs depends critically on the melting temperature of the metal and the energy density and total energy in the cascade. Results of TEM are presented in support of this mechanism. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

In this report we discuss some general optics principles and scaling laws that have been useful in guiding the design and operation of the Final Focus System for the Stanford Linear Collider. Included are expressions for the minimum {Beta}{sub x}* and {Beta}{sub y}* that can be expected for the present SLC design at the interaction point as a function of beam emittance. 6 refs., 13 figs.

This report contains papers on the next-generation of linear colliders. The particular areas of discussion are: parameters; beam dynamics and wakefields; damping rings and sources; rf power sources; accelerator structures; instrumentation; final focus; and review of beam-beam interaction.

Two recent developments in the theory of chemical reaction dynamics are reviewed. First, it has recently been discovered that the S- matrix version of the Kohn variational principle is free of the ''Kohn anomalies'' that have plagued other versions and prevented its general use. This has considerably simplified quantum mechanical reactive scattering calculations, which provide the rigorous characterizations of bimolecular reactions. Second, a new kind of reaction path Hamiltonian has been developed, one based on the ''least motion'' path that interpolates linearly between the reactant and product geometry of the molecule (rather than the previously used minimum energy, or ''intrinsic'' reaction path). The form of Hamiltonian which results is much simpler than the original reaction path Hamiltonian, but more important is the fact that it provides a more physically correct description of hydrogen atom transfer reactions. 44 refs., 4 figs.

A brief introduction to the big bang picture of the early universe is given. Dark matter is discussed; particularly its implications for elementary particle physics. A classification scheme for dark matter relics is given. 21 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

The growth kinetics of melting nucleated at a high-angle twist boundary in silicon are investigated using molecular dynamics. Melting is found to be a two-stage process. In the first stage order is lost within a single plane at the interface and the density of the solid increases to that of the liquid. In the second stage the atomic coordination changes and an isotropic liquid is formed. 11 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

A large superconducting magnet is proposed for use in a particle astrophysics experiment, ASTROMAG, which is to be mounted on the United States Space Station. This experiment will have a two-coil superconducting magnet with coils which are 1.3 to 1.7 meters in diameter. The two-coil magnet will have zero net magnetic dipole moment. The field 15 meters from the magnet will approach earth's field in low earth orbit. The issue of high Tc superconductor will be discussed in the paper. The reasons for using conventional niobium-titanium superconductor cooled with superfluid helium will be presented. Since the purpose of the magnet is to do particle astrophysics, the superconducting coils must be located close to the charged particle detectors. The trade off between the particle physics possible and the cryogenic insulation around the coils is discussed. As a result, the ASTROMAG magnet coils will be operated outside of the superfluid helium storage tank. The fountain effect pumping system which will be used to cool the coil is described in the report. Two methods for extending the operating life of the superfluid helium dewar are discussed. These include: operation with a third shield cooled to 90 K with a sterling cycle cryocooler, and …

A new technique, vacuum-ultraviolet laser-absorption spectroscopy, has been developed to quantitatively determine the absolute density of H and H/sub 2/ within a plasma. The technique is particularly well suited to measurement in a plasma, where high charged particle and photon background complicate other methods of detection. The high selectivity and sensitivity of the technique allows for the measurement of the rotational-vibrational state distribution of H/sub 2/ as well as the translational temperature of the atoms and molecules. The technique has been used to study both pulsed and continuous H/sup /minus// ion-source plasma discharges. H/sub 2/ state distributions in a multicusp ''volume'' H/sup /minus// ion- source plasma show a high degree of internal excitation, with levels up to v = 5 and J = 8 being observed. The method is applicable for a very wide range of plasma conditions. Emission measurements from excited states of H are also reported. 17 refs., 9 figs.

Excitation of a transparent ZnS crystal by repetitive picosecond dye laser pulses causes an accumulated surface modification leading to optical damage. The onset of the damage is detected by an abrupt increase in the emission of neutral Zn (and possibly S/sub 2/) from the surface. Comparison of the neutral emission thresholds with pulse-pair and single-pulse excitation shows that linear absorption is the dominant laser-surface interaction. In general, this measurement technique shows considerable promise for investigating the possible influence of nonlinear absorption or excitation processes on damage mechanisms. The data suggest that heating of small absorbing regions produces the surface modification that leads to the observed surface ablation. The nature of the damage observed at fluences above the threshold suggests that it is caused by heating of a relatively large (/approximately/10 - 100 ..mu..m) surface region that has been modified by the accumulation pulses. 3 refs., 5 figs.

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Series III driver fuel design consists of U-10Zr fuel slugs contained in a ferritic alloy cladding. A liquid metal, sodium bond between the fuel and cladding is required to prevent unacceptable temperatures during operation. Excessive voiding or porosity in the sodium thermal bond could result in localized fuel melting during irradiation. It is therefore imperative that bond quality be verified during fabrication of these metal fuel pins prior to irradiation. This document discusses this verification.

I review the scientific motivation for an experimental assault on the 1-TeV scale, elaborating the idea of technicolor as one interesting possibility for what may be found there. I then summarize some of the discovery possibilities opened by a high-luminosity, multi-TeV proton-proton collider. After a brief resume of the experimental environment anticipated at the SSC, I report on the status of the SSC R D effort and discuss the work to be carried out over the course of the next year. 37 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

The status of charm physics with emphasis on recent high statistics results from fixed target experiments is presented. The topics covered include charm production, D/sup 0//bar D//sup 0/ mixing, charm baryons and excited states such as the D**. Also reviewed are charm decays: hadronic, leptonic as well as semileptonic. Finally, we take a brief look at charm lifetimes before concluding with a look to the future. 28 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

This paper discusses the following topics: Observation of Cabibbo suppressed semileptonic D decays; Search for D/sub s/ semileptonic decays; and Preliminary evidence for non-D/bar D/ decays of the /psi/ (3770). 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

The physics and engineering guidelines for the ITER device are shown to lead to viable physics operating points for a steady state tokamak power reactor. Non-inductive current drive is provided in steady state by high energy neutral beam injection in the plasma core, lower hybrid slow waves in the outer regions of the plasma and bootstrap current. Plasma gain Q(/equivalent to/fusion power/input power) in excess of 20 and average neutron wall loading, <GAMMA> approx. 2.0 MW/m/sup 2/ are predicted in a device with major radius, R/sub 0/ = 7.5 m and minor radius, a = 2.8 m. 15 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

A preliminary design of a TLC bunch compressor as a two-stage device is described. The main parameters of the compressor, as well as results of some simulations, are presented. They show that the ideal system (no imperfections) does the job of transmitting transverse emittances without distortions (at least up to the second-order terms) producing at the same time the desired bunch length of 50 m. 9 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

The two major effects from the interaction of e/sup /minus//e/sup +/ beams---beamstrahlung and disruption---are reviewed, with emphasis on flat beam collisions. For the disruption effects we discuss the luminosity enhancement factor, the maximum and rms disruption angles, and the ''kink instability''. All the results are obtained from computer simulations, and scaling laws based on these are deduced whenever possible. For the beamstrahlung effects, we concentrate only on the final electron energy spectrum and the deflection angle associated with low energy particles. In addition to the generic studies on the beam-beam effects, we also list the relevant beam-beam parameters obtained from simulations on two sample designs: the TLC and the ILC. As an addendum, the newly discovered phenomenon of coherent beamstrahlung pair creation, together with the incoherent process, are discussed. 18 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.

A Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built for E769, a Fermilab Fixed Target experiment, for use in separating pions form protons or kaons in a 250 GeV/c positive beam at the Tagged Photon Laboratory (TPL). Requirements placed on the detector were that it operate in a high rate (approx.2 MHz) environment and that it be relatively easy to build since it had to be ready approximately one year from the date of its inception. The short time available precluded exposing prototypes to a test beam making it necessary to rely on source testing and Monte Carlo programs to predict the detector performance. When operated in the beam, the detector performance was in good agreement with these predictions. For a pion detection efficiency of 87%, the contamination by protons of a sample of TRD tagged pions was 2%. 15 refs., 10 figs.

A four-step model for recombination and dissociative recombination of H/sub 2//sup +/ and H/sub 3//sup +/ ions on metal surfaces is discussed. Vibrationally excited molecules, H/sub 2/(v''), from H/sub 3//sup +/ recombination are produced in a broad spectrum that enhances the excited level distribution. The application of this latter process to hydrogen negative ion discharges is discussed. 5 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

This document contains eleven papers on various aspects of low-level radioactive waste management. Topics in this volume include: volume reduction plans; incentitives; and cost proposals; acid detoxification and reclamation; decontamination of lead; leach tests; West Valley demonstration project status report; and DOE's regional management strategies. Individual papers were processed separately for the data base. (TEM)