Paper written by Julian C. Stanley, concerning a recent trip he and his wife took to China, and the Chinese aptitude and appreciation for learning.

Paper written by Julian C. Stanley, examining 25 young students who studied chemistry, biology, or physics over three or six weeks, and their scores on the College Board's Advanced Placement Program college-level examination in those subjects.

Article from June 1986 edition of Dialog from the Dallas Gay Alliance. Includes highlighting.

The Radiological Survey Activities (RASA) Group of the Health and Safety Research Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an Inclusion Survey Contractor (ISC) for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program (UMTRAP). The purpose of the ISC is to survey designated sites potentially contaminated with radioactive material originating from the 24 inactive uranium mill sites and make recommendations as to whether the site should be included in or excluded from further consideration by UMTRAP. An important aspect of the program is a prompt and inexpensive estimation of Radium-226 (/sup 226/Ra) concentration in soil samples. A large sodium iodide (NaI) well crystal coupled to a multichannel analyzer is used to count soil samples. Count data are currently analyzed with an algorithm that utilizes three regions of interest (ROI). A lack of agreement was observed when samples were also analyzed with lithium-drifted germanium (GeLi) spectrometers. The average estimate of /sup 226/Ra obtained using the current algorithm was 19% greater than the GeLi determination. Some possible reasons for these differences were examined. In 8.5% of the samples, the relative concentration of Cesium-137 (/sup 137/Cs) was highly correlated to the extent of error. Using alternative analysis techniques, the error for /sup 226/Ra …

The Grand Junction Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action-Radiological Survey Activities Group (UMTRA-RASA) program employs a screening method in which external exposure rates are used to determine if a property contaminated with uranium mill tailings is eligible for remedial action. Portable NaI detectors are used by survey technicians to locate contaminated areas and determine exposure rates. The exposure rate is calculated using a regression equation derived from paired measurements made with a pressurized ionization chamber (PIC) and a NaI detector. During July of 1985 extensive measurements were taken using a PIC and a NaI scintillator with both analogue and digital readout for a wide range of exposure rates and at a variety of elevations. The surface soil was sampled at most of these locations and analyzed for /sup 226/Ra. The response of the NaI detectors was shown to be highly correlated to radiation level but not to /sup 226/Ra concentration or elevation.

On March 25, 1986, the ICE spacecraft came within 28 x 10/sup 6/ km of the nucleus of comet Halley. For several days around this time, bursts of heavy ions were observed by the ICE energetic ion experiment. These bursts were observed only during periods when the solar wind velocity was considerably higher than its nominal value. We examine the characteristics of these ions, in particular their anisotropies. Using the well known formulae for transformation of distributions from the solar wind frame of reference to the spacecraft frame, we examine the angular distributions expected from either protons, or heavy ions from the water group, and show that the measurements are consistent with heavy ions, and not with protons. We discuss other sources of heavy ions and conclude that the most likely source of these ions is comet Halley. 9 refs., 5 figs.

We extend the previous studies of intense hydromagnetic waves at Giacobini-Zinner to investigate the mode and direction of wave propagation. Simultaneous high-resolution measurements of electron density fluctuations demonstrate that the long period (approx.100 s) waves are propagating in the magnetosonic mode. Principal axis analyses of the long period waves and accompanying partial rotations show that the sum of the wave phase rotations is 360/sup 0/C, indicating that both are parts of the same wave oscillation. From the time sequence of the steepened waveforms observed by ICE, we demonstrate that the waves must propagate towards the sun with C/sub ph/ < V/sub sw/. All available observations are consistent with wave generation by the resonant ion ring or ion beam instability which predicts right-hand polarized waves propagating in the ion beam (solar) direction. The large amplitudes ..delta.. polarized B/absolute value of Bapprox.0(1) and small scale sizes (rotational discontinuities) of the cometary waves suggest that rapid pitch-angle scattering and energy transfer with energetic ions should occur. Since the waves are highly compressive, ..delta.. absolute value of B/absolute value of B = 0(0.5), one can also anticipate first-order Fermi acceleration. 15 refs., 6 figs.

On September 11, 1985 the International Cometary Explorer passed behind Comet Giacobini-Zinner with a closest approach distance of 7800 km. In agreement with Alfven's interplanetary magnetic field line draping model of cometary type I tails, a well defined 1 x 10/sup 4/ km diameter magnetotail was observed downstream of the inner coma. This study uses the ICE magnetic field, plasma electron, plasma wave, and energetic ion observations to investigate the structure and stability of the Giacobini-Zinner magnetic tail. Emphasis is placed on the identification of differences and similarities between cometary and planetary magnetotails. Finally, the ICE magnetotail observations are discussed in relation to the global solar wind interaction with P/Giacobini-Zinner. 33 refs., 8 figs.

Utilizing the electron and magnetic field data from the ICE tail traversal of Comet Giacobini-Zinner along with the MHD equations, we have developed a steady state, stress balance model of the cometary magnetotail. With it we infer many important but unmeasured ion properties within the G-Z magnetotail both at ICE and upstream at the average point along each streamline where cometary ions are picked-up. The derived tailward ion flow speed at ICE is quite constant at approx.-20 to -30 km/sec across the entire tail. The flow velocity, ion temperature, density, and ion source rates upstream from the lobes (current sheet) at the average pickup locations are approx.-75 km/sec (approx.-12), approx.4 x 10/sup 6/ K (approx.1 x 10/sup 5/), approx.20 /cm/sup 3/ (approx.400), and approx..15 /cm/sup 3//sec (approx.3.6). Gradients in the plasma properties between these two regions are quire strong. Implications of our inferred plasma properties for the near-nucleus region and for cometary magnetotail formation are examined. 9 refs., 1 fig.

Spectral analyses of the high resolution magnetic field data are employed to determine if there is evidence of cometary heavy ion pickup when ICE was closest to Halley, approx.28 x 10/sup 6/ km. No evidence is found for the presence of heavy ion cyclotron waves. However, from this search, two new wave modes are discovered in the solar wind: electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and drift mirror mode waves. Both modes have scales of 10 to 60 s (1 to 6 T/sub p/) in the spacecraft frame. The possibility of wave generation by cometary hydrogen pickup is explored. Theoretical arguments and further experimental evidence indicates that cometary origin is improbable. The most likely source is plasma instabilities associated with solar wind stream-stream interactions. VLF electrostatic emissions are found to occur in field minima or at gradients of the drift mirror structures. Possible generation mechanisms of drift mirror mode waves, cyclotron waves and electrostatic waves are discussed.

Article describes the immigration of Syrian-Lebanese to Oklahoma, highlighting the community they formed and the traditions and religion they fostered. Tom Caldwell provides historical context about the group, examining their motivations for coming to Oklahoma and their contributions to early Oklahoma and its industries.

Article describes the founding and growth of the City of Wagoner in the wake of its upcoming centennial. Brad Agnew discusses the conflict that occurred as one of the towns in Indian Territory attempted to achieve self-determination in a diverse area, the education system that evolved there, and the crime that threatened Wagoner's railroads.

Article discusses the history of frontier exploration and industry in Oklahoma, examining the foundation of rootlessness in the citizens of Oklahoma, who drifted across the landscape in its territorial period.

Article describes the life and career of Carl W. Skogsberg, founder of the Colonial Baking Company in Oklahoma City, and his business practices that brought growth and success even in the midst of trying times like the Great Depression.

Article explores the life, family, and political career of John Martin, who would eventually become the first Chief Justice of the Cherokee Supreme Court in Indian Territory. Patricia Lockwood relates the details of his travels as an Indian agent and his impact as a leader of the Cherokees.

Article explores the struggle for black representation in politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through the conflict between white Republican congressional delegate Bird Segle McGuire and black newspaper editor Stephen Douglass Russell, Sr.

Article using recent research to evaluate Raymond Moody's versus Ronald Siegel's interpretations of the near-death experience (NDE). Whereas Moody had concluded that the NDE is ontologically valid, Siegel interpreted the NDE as a purely subjective hallucinatory phenomenon.

Article discussing Osirian temple rites of ancient Egypt, which may have involved ceremonial procedures deliberately calculated to induce an experience that was functionally identical to modern near-death experiences.

Article proposing a nonreductionist interpretation of near-death experiences (NDEs), showing that it is possible to give credit to individual testimony while still taking into account the physiological, psychological, and cultural conditions that influence visionary experience in the face of death.

News advisory regarding press conference to discuss the official filing of a petition for certiorari in Baker v. Wade appeals case.

Article illustrates the events leading up to the tragedy at Goingsnake courthouse, a shootout between a group of Cherokees and a group of U.S. marshals that originated from a family feud. Kelley Agnew, winner of the National History Day Competition of 1986, provides a vivid portrait of the situation and the two men who led the groups involved, Ezekial Proctor and White Sut Beck.

Article discusses the conflict between Stillwater and Cushing County over the formation of Shaffer County, a tract of land that would include Cushing-Drumright oil field. Dan Adrian Purvis examines census data and election results of the attempt to discover the impact success would have had on the counties of Oklahoma.

Article describes the lives of women missionaries on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation, exploring the attitudes and motivations that drove them to the mission schools where they promoted Christianity, education, and assimilation. Rebecca Herring explores personal narratives of specific women and the struggles they faced, as well as the disregard some held for Native American traditions.

Article describes the establishment of horse racing and horse racing tracks in Oklahoma, as well as the eventual ban on pari-mutuel betting that occurred in 1913. As betting on horse races was legalized again in 1982, Diane B. Haser-Harris commemorates the history of the sport with this article.