Considerable observational evidence is found that ions are accelerated to high energies in the outer magnetosphere during geomagnetic disturbances. The acceleration often appears to be quite impulsive causing temporally brief (10's of seconds), very intense bursts of ions in the distant plasma sheet as well as in the near-tail region. These ion bursts extend in energy from 10's of keV to over 1 MeV and are closely associated with substorm expansive phase onsets. Although the very energetic ions are not of dominant importance for magnetotail plasma dynamics, they serve as an important tracer population. Their absolute intensity and brief temporal appearance bespeaks a strong and rapid acceleration process in the near-tail, very probably involving large induced electric fields substantially greater than those associated with cross-tail potential drops. Subsequent to their impulsive acceleration, these ions are injected into the outer trapping regions forming ion ''drift echo'' events, as well as streaming tailward away from their acceleration site in the near-earth plasma sheet. Most auroral ion acceleration processes occur (or are greatly enhanced) during the time that these global magnetospheric events are occurring in the magnetotail. A qualitative model relating energetic ion populations to near-tail magnetic reconnection at substorm onset followed by …

Decontamination techniques applicable to the remotely operated bridge cranes in canyon buildings at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) were identified and were evaluated in laboratory-scale tests. High pressure Freon blasting was found to be the most attractive process available for this application. Strippable coatings were selected as an alternative technique in selected applications. The ability of high pressure Freon blasting plus two strippable coatings (Quadcoat 100 and Alara 1146) to remove the type of contamination expected on SRP cranes was demonstrated in laboratory-scale tests. Quadrex HPS was given a contract to decontaminate the H-Area hot canyon crane. Decontamination operations were successfully carried out within the specified time-frame window. The radiation level goals specified by SRP were met and decontamination was accomplished with 85% less personnel exposure than estimated by SRP before the job started. This reduction is attributed to the increased efficiency of the new decontamination techniques used. 6 refs., 1 tab.

This paper examines the relationship between nodal methods and finite-element methods for solving the discrete-ordinates form of the transport equation in x-y geometry. Specifically, we will examine the relation of three finite-element schemes to the linear-linear (LL) and linear-nodal (LN) nodal schemes. The three finite-element schemes are the linear-continuous-diamond-difference (DD) scheme, the linear-discontinuous (LD) scheme, and the quadratic-discontinuous (QD) scheme. A brief derivation of the (LL) and (LN) nodal schemes is given in the third section of this paper. The approximations that cause the LL scheme to reduce to the DD, LD, and QD schemes are then indicated. An extremely simple method of deriving the finite-element schemes is then introduced.

This paper summarizes the fueling requirements for experimental and demonstration tandem mirror reactors (TMRs), reviews the status of conventional pellet injectors, and identifies some candidate accelerators that may be needed for fueling tandem mirror reactors. Characteristics and limitations of three types of accelerators are described; neutral beam injectors, electromagnetic rail guns, and laser beam drivers. Based on these characteristics and limitations, a computer module was developed for the Tandem Mirror Reactor Systems Code (TMRSC) to select the pellet injector/accelerator combination which most nearly satisfies the fueling requirements for a given machine design.

It is argued on theoretical and phenomenological grounds that confinement of quarks is intrinsically a many-body interaction. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation to the bag model is shown to give rise to a static potential energy that consists of a sum of two-body Coulomb terms and a many-body confining term. Following the success of this potential in heavy Q anti Q systems it is being applied to Q/sup 2/ anti Q/sup 2/. Preliminary calculations suggest that dimeson bound states with exotic flavor, such as bb anti s anti s, exist. 13 refs., 5 figs.

A method is proposed for measuring the effective reproduction factor, k, in subcritical systems. The method uses the transient response of a subcritical system to the sudden removal of an extraneous neutron source (i.e., a source jerk). The response is analyzed using an inverse kinetic technique that least-squares fits the exact analytical solution corresponding to a source-jerk transient as derived from the point-reactor model. It has been found that the technique can provide an accurate means of measuring k in systems that are close to critical (i.e., 0.95 < k < 1.0). As a system becomes more subcritical (i.e., k << 1.0) spatial effects can introduce significant biases depending on the source and detector positions. However, methods are available that can correct for these biases and, hence, can allow measuring subcriticality in systems with k as low as 0.5. 12 refs., 3 figs.

Accomplishments during FY85 and project plans for FY86 are described for the Magma Energy Extraction and Permeability Enhancement programs. (ACR)

This work studies the electron-beam envelopes and matching for a combined wiggler and alternating-gradient quadrupole field for a free-electron laser (FEL) that will be operated in the VUV or XUV wavelength region. The quadrupole field is assumed to vary continuously along the symmetry axis. The linearized equations of electron motion are solved analytically by using the two-scale perturbation method for a plane polarized wiggler. The electron-beam envelopes and the envelope equations, as well as the matching conditions in phase space, are obtained from the electron trajectories. A comparison with the numerical solution is presented.

We have developed a fieldable instrumentation system for determining from measured flux spectra, both the neutron and gamma ray dose rate distributions associated with radioactive sources. This system includes the sensors, the computer-based data acquisition and analysis hardware, and the requisite software for unfolding the sensor response functions to obtain the flux spectra, and for folding the resultant flux spectra with appropriate flux spectrum-to-dose conversion factors. We use bismuth germanate scintillators that have experimentally measured and analytically interpolated response functions to determine the gamma ray flux spectra, and a suite of neutron sensors, based on proton recoil and /sup 3/He capture, to determine the neutron flux spectra. In addition, gamma ray peak identification is done using HPGe sensors. We describe the equipment and procedures and present some recent results. 10 refs., 15 figs.

The neutron scattering difference method is described and applied to investigations of the aqua rare-earth ions, Nd/sup 3 +/ and Dy/sup 3 +/. Metal-water distances and hydration numbers have been unambiguously determined for these ions' inner coordination spheres. The values of the hydration number, n, of 8.5 +- 0.2 for Nd/sup 3 +/ and 7.4 +- 0.5 for Dy/sup 3 +/, directly support the claim of Spedding et al. that n decreases by one unit across the lanthanide series. The possible application of this method to actinide ions in solution is also discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs.

As a result of conflicting claims to the discovery of the trans-lawrencium elements (Z > 103), IUPAC's Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature Commission, (II.2), has been incapable of coming to a decision on rightful discoverer for these elements. In addition, the Atomic Weights Commission, (II.1), has from time to time been interested in the status of the search for the superheavy elements, i.e., those elements which might be found in the vicinity of the 'island of stability'. Theoretical studies have indicated that the next major shell closures beyond Z = 82 and N = 126 would occur at Z = 114 and N = 184. In recent years, many scientists have devoted their time and effort in an attempt to detect these superheavy elements. This paper will review the literature on both of these developments and provide an up-to-date status report for the use of the Commission. However, this paper will not address the pros and cons of the controversial systematic naming scheme proposed by the Nomenclature Commission, (II.2) and approved by IUPAC. 56 refs.

We show the sensitivity of various experimental measurements to one-loop radiative corrections in SU/sub 2/ x U/sub 1/. Models considered are the standard GSW model as well as extensions of it which include extra quarks and leptons, SUSY and certain technicolor models. The observation of longitudinal polarization is a great help in seeing these effects in asymmetries in e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/, tau/sup +/tau/sup -/ on Z/sup 0/ resonance. 25 refs., 22 figs., 10 tabs.

Reported values of half-lives of intermediate mass and heavy elements are evaluated. The evaluation analysis estimates the systematic error the resulting standard deviation. Recommended values are then presented for /sup 128/Te, /sup 130/Te, /sup 129/I, /sup 138/La, /sup 144/Nd, /sup 145/Nd, /sup 146,147,148/Sm, /sup 152/Gd, /sup 154/Dy, /sup 176/Lu, /sup 174/Hf, /sup 180/Ta, /sup 187/Re, /sup 186/Os, /sup 190/Pt, /sup 204,205/Pb, and /sup 230,232/Th. 103 refs., 21 tabs. (WRF)

Laboratory experiments have shown that groundwater conditions in a Stripa granite repository will be as reducing as those in a basalt repository. The final oxidation potential (Eh) at 70/sup 0/C for Stripa groundwater deaerated and equilibrated with crystalline granite was -0.45V. In contrast, the oxidation potential at 60/sup 0/C for Grande Ronde groundwater equilibrated with basalt was -0.40V. The reducing groundwater conditions were found to slightly decrease the time-dependent release of soluble components from the waste glass. Spectrophotometric analysis of the equilibrated groundwaters indicated the presence of Fe/sup 2 +/ confirming that the Fe/sup 2 +//Fe/sup 3 +/ couple is controlling the oxidation potential. It was also shown that in the alkaline pH regime of these groundwaters the iron species are primarily associated with x-ray amorphous precipitates in the groundwater. Gamma radiolysis in the absence of waste glass and in the absence of oxygen further reduces the oxidation potential of both granitic and basaltic groundwaters. The effect is more pronounced in the basaltic groundwater. The mechanism for this decrease is under investigation but appears related to the reactive amorphous precipitate. The results of these tests suggest that H/sub 2/ may not escape from the repository system as postulated and that …

After excitation by fast ions (velocity = 2 to 5 au) the emission line profiles of doubly-excited helium atoms are observed to differ significantly from the normal shape of Beutler-Fano resonances. This difference is attributed to the Coulomb interaction between the emitted electron and the ion used to excite the atom. We explain the effect quantitatively with a simple classical model combined with a post-collision-interaction theory. 4 refs., 4 figs.

The need for accurate real-time diagnostics is critical for high-power particle beams. This paper describes the present level of development of noninterceptive devices for these beams. Discussion will be related to diagnostic measurements as they occur along the beamline, from ion-source performance through presentation to an RFQ and measures of the RFQ output, using the cw beam at Los Alamos as a guide. 23 refs.

A research program has been under way at the Brookhaven National Laboratory to investigate the radionuclide release behavior of ion exchange bead resin waste solidified in Portland cement. An important aspect of this program is to develop and evaluate testing procedures and methodologies which enable the long-term performance evaluation of waste forms under simulated field conditions. Cesium and strontium release behavior using a range of testing procedures, including intermittent leachant flow conditions, has been investigated. For cyclic wet/dry leaching tests, extended dry periods tend to enhance the release of Cs and suppress the release of Sr. Under extended wet period leaching conditions, however, both Cs and Sr exhibit suppressed releases. In contrast, radionuclide releases observed under continuously saturated leaching conditions, as represented by conventional leaching tests, are significantly different. The relevance and aplicability of these laboratory data obtained under a wide range of leaching conditions to the performance evaluation of waste forms under anticipated field conditions is discussed. 12 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

Ferritic steels have been receiving significant attention for possible use as steam generator tubing, and as alternate structural materials for liquid-metal heat-transport systems in commercial fast reactors, fusion reactors, etc. The materials are chosen on the basis of their high thermal conductivity, resistance to stress-corrosion-cracking in aqueous and steam environments, favorable fabricability and fairly low cost. These steels are available in several classes based on the microstructure and alloy content, viz., martensitics, bainitics, delta ferritics, and duplex steels. The low alloy bainitic steels (Fe-2-1/4Cr-1Mo) undergo extensive decarburization when exposed to high temperature flowing sodium. It is for this reason that ferritic steels with higher chromium (9 to 12% Cr) content have been proposed to minimize the carbon transfer and eventual degradation of mechanical properties. The martensitic steels, HT-9 and improved Fe9Cr1Mo are being considered as cladding/duct materials for liquid metal reactors (LMR). The alloy HT-9 is based on 12Cr1Mo composition. The improved Fe9Cr1Mo alloy is based on 9Cr1Mo composition as its name implies. The objective of the work reported here is to evaluate the sodium compatibility of the alloys at temperatures and flow rates typical of LMR cores. Testing was done for 8104 hours at 60/sup 0/C and 3992 hours …

The primary goal of the geothermal materials program is to ensure that the private sector development of geothermal energy resources is not constrained by the availability of technologically and economically viable materials of construction. This requires the performance of long-term high risk GHTD-sponsored materials R and D. Ongoing programs described include high temperature elastomers for dynamic sealing applications, advanced materials for lost circulation control, waste utilization and disposal, corrosion resistant elastomeric liners for well casing, and non-metallic heat exchangers. 9 refs.

Following a review of some highlights of eta-meson characteristics, the status of eta-meson production experiments is reviewed. The physics motivations and first results of two LAMPF experiments on (..pi..,eta) reactions are discussed. Possible future experiments are also discussed. 42 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.

A review and evaluation is given of the experimental data which are available for charge exchange processes involving iron ions and neutral H, H/sub 2/ and He. Appropriate scaling laws are presented, and their accuracy estimated for these systems. A bibliography is given of available data sources, as well as of useful data compilations and review articles. A procedure is recommended for providing single approximate formulae to the fusion community to describe total cross sections for electron capture by partially-stripped Fe/sup q+/ ions in collisions with H, H/sub 2/ and He, based on the scaling relationships suggested by Janev and Hvelplund.

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is a potentially cost effective technology for electric utility load leveling. Design concepts and cost estimates of SMES plants capable of delivering 5000 MWh daily have been previously identified. An important feature of a large commercial plant is a system that will reliably shut down the magnet by thermally dissipating the stored energy in the event of an imminent or actual loss of superconductivity. To prevent damage to the coil during such a protective energy dump, the entire coil must be driven ''normal'', i.e., resistive rather than superconducting, in a short period of time. This requires rapid removal of the liquid helium coolant surrounding the coil. This paper describes a simple system that has been developed to rapidly remove the liquid helium from the helium vessel. The system requires only a small number of active components, no external helium storage, and is practical to reset and maintain.

The author here reviews what is presently known about factors affecting indoor concentrations of radon 222 and its daughters. In US single-family homes, radon concentrations are found to average about 1.5 pCi/1, but substantially higher concentrations occur frequently: perhaps a million US homes have concentrations exceeding 8 pCi/1 (from which occupants receive radiation doses comparable to those now experienced by uranium miners). The major contributor to indoor radon is ordinary soil underlying homes, with this radon being transported indoors primarily by the slight depressurization that occurs toward the bottom of a house interior (due to indoor-outdoor temperature differences and winds). Water from underground sources contributes significantly in a minority of cases, primarily residences with private wells, with public water supplies contributing only a few percent of indoor radon, even when drawn from wells. The strong variability in indoor concentrations is associated primarily with variability in the amount of radon entering homes from these various sources, and secondarily with differences in ventilation rates. However, for a given entry rate, the ventilation rate is the key determinant of indoor concentrations. Human doses are also influenced strongly by the chemical behavior of the daughters (i.e., decay products of radon), and considerable progress has …

An anomalous gauge theory is defined here as a gauge theory in which the field equation is inconsistent and gauge invariance is lost. A conventional approach to anomalous gauge theories, that of adjusting the fermion content so the anomaly vanishes, is discussed, followed by a mathematically coherent frame for anomalies. 10 refs. (LEW)