Under the auspices of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy, a program has been under way for the past seven years to meet the high-priority nuclear data needs of the Office of Fusion Energy. Ten laboratories now participate in this program and provide experimental data on low energy charged-particle reaction cross sections including the basic fusion reactions, neutron scattering and emission data, cross sections for charged-particle emission and helium production, and standards data. This measurement program also emphasizes the development of new tools to meet future needs for data measurements and for more reliable calculations of the required nuclear data.

As originally developed, solar load ratio correlations for performance analysis of passive heating systems were intended for use only with a constant thermostat setpoint. The thermostat setpoint used in the method may be adjusted to account for the effect of heating from internal sources, but setback or shutdown strategies that are frequantly employed in both residential and commercial buildings were not allowed. A procedure for approximating the effect of various control strategies through use of an equivalent constant thermostat setpoint, T/sub ec/, has recently been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The value of T/sub ec/ depends on the level and duration of thermostat settings used during the diurnal cycle and on the characteristic time constant is a function of the diurnal heat capacity of the building and its loss characteristics. The method described in this paper has been applied to a variety of passive solar buildings in two distinct climatic regions and was found to yield good accuracy when compared with detailed thermal network calculations.

These workshop summaries discuss the data needs of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) community and provide an introduction to the available geological, geophysical, geochemical and reservoir engineering data of the Baca geothermal field, Valles Caldera, New Mexico. Individual abstracts have been prepared for the presentations. (ACR)

We examine the sensitivity of calculated peak dynamic responses, such as acceleration and moment, to input parameters such as frequency and damping. These responses have been calculated for the Zion Unit 1 plant, using the SSMRP computer code SMACS, as part of the seismic probabilistic risk assessment performed by the Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP). We use linear regression analysis (LRA) to develop a simple model of the SMACS calculations. The sensitivities of the responses are the coefficients from the LRA. The LRA provides an approximate but simple overview of the complex response behavior. Heavy equipment such as the pressurizer and the steam generators has a large influence on the response of attached piping. Piping damping is sometimes important to the piping response, but in those cases piping frequency is usually more important. Variability in the inputs introduces correlations among the affected responses. The soil damping, through the local site effect, strongly affects all the plant responses.

The fuel-pin modeling code LIFE-4 and the mechanistic fission gas behavior model FASTGRASS have been coupled and verified against gas release data from mixed-oxide fuels which were transient tested in the TREAT reactor. Design of the interface between LIFE-4 and FASTGRASS is based on an earlier coupling between an LWR version of LIFE and the GRASS-SST code. Fission gas behavior can significantly affect steady-state and transient fuel performance. FASTGRASS treats fission gas release and swelling in an internally consistent manner and simultaneously includes all major mechanisms thought to influence fission gas behavior. The FASTGRASS steady-state and transient analysis has evolved through comparisons of code predictions with fission-gas release and swelling data from both in- and ex-reactor experiments. FASTGRASS was chosen over other fission-gas behavior models because of its availability, its compatibility with the LIFE-4 calculational framework, and its predictive capability.

The PATRICIA and RACETRACK particle tracking programs have been compared by tracking on a simple lattice. The dynamic aperture was found to decrease as the number of passes through the lattice per run increased from 20 to approx. 300, and it remained constant for longer runs. The dynamic apertures found by the two programs are consistent. The dependence of the dynamic aperture on horizontal tune near a decapole resonance was investigated. RACETRACK and PATRICIA showed decreases in the aperture on opposite sides of the resonance. A second set of studies was made with PATRICIA in which the dynamic apertures of lattices consisting of cells of the types used for the Reference Designs Study were determined when random multipole errors of the dipoles were included. The dependence of aperture on the number of cells in the lattice was determined. Finally, a comparison of magnet types suggested for the SSC was made by determining the aperture of lattices containing these magnets.

Separate abstracts were prepared for most of the included papers. The remaining ones were included in EDB in title list form only. (MOW)

J/psi physics is discussed which will be of interest at T > 1988, the period of operation of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. Emphasis is placed on the gluonic states which are best studied in radiative J/psi decay. The difficulties of these studies are discussed and the need for very high statistics is stressed. In particular it is essential to partial-wave-analyze the hadronic final states produced in J/psi ..-->.. ..gamma..X. An estimate using fixed target data suggests that 0(10/sup 8/) J/psi decays are needed to do an unambiguous partial wave analysis for hadron masses up to about 2 GeV. This requirement is an excellent match to the BEPC design parameters, which imply production of 0(10/sup 8/) J/psi's per year. With a J/psi production rate an order of magnitude greater than other electron-positron storage rings, BEPC will be a unique world facility for these studies. 58 references.

This paper attempts to provide a summary of what has been learned about the structure of adsorbed monolayers and about the surface chemical bond from molecular surface science. While the surface chemical bond is less well understood than bonding of molecules in the gas phase or in the solid state, our knowledge of its properties is rapidly accumulating. The information obtained also has great impact on many surface science based technologies, including heterogeneous catalysis and electronic devices. It is hoped that much of the information obtained from studies at solid-gas interfaces can be correlated with molecular behavior at solid-liquid interfaces. 31 references, 42 figures, 1 table.

At ultraviolet wavelengths, damage to both coatings and bare surfaces is dominated by the presence of discrete localized defects. During multiple-shot irradition, the overwhelming majority of these defects are damaged by the first or first few shots. Initially, damage morphology is that of a crater of approximately 10 microns in diameter; however, upon continued irradiation, one of two events can occur; either the crater grows to catastrophic dimensions or it remains unchanged. In the latter case, the damage is only observable under a microscope, it may be indistinguishable from cosmetic defects before irradiation, and it is likely that any related degradation in optical performance is unmeasurable. In view of the generally accepted definition of laser damage (i.e. any visible change in the surface), it is important to consider the implications for real systems. These are discussed in the context of ultraviolet test results for both coatings and surfaces.

The role of the semi-leptonic neutral current interaction as a probe of nucleon structure is examined. Previous measurements of neutral current x-distributions are reviewed, and new results from the Fermilab - MIT - MSU collaboration are presented. 4 references.

LIFE-4C is a steady-state/transient analysis code developed for performance evaluation of carbide ((U,Pu)C and UC) fuel elements in advanced LMFBRs. This paper summarizes selected results obtained during a crucial step in the development of LIFE-4C - benchmark and physics testing.

A simple method for the investigation of thermodynamic (substance) similarity in the two-phase domain is introduced based on the assumptions of a simplified model fluid. According to this method, the investigation of the conditions for thermodynamic similarity between substances in the two-phase region reveals the important role the latent heat of evaporation (h/sub fg/) plays in the definition of the property scales. These greatly influence the dynamic and geometric similarity of the process under investigation. The introduction of the thermodynamic similarity property scales into the energy conservation equations for a certain process (e.g., flow up a geothermal well) brings forth a thermodynamic length scale and kinetic energy scale. Refrigerant 114 has been examined for similarity with water substance according to this method and found to be adequate for geothermal well simulation in the laboratory. Low pressures and temperatures and a substantial reduction of mass flow rates and geometric scales are a few of the advantages of using R114 for such experiments.

A thermally stratified flow produced by a thermal transient passing through a horizontal elbow gives rise to large thermal fluctuations on the inner curvature wall of the downstream piping. These fluctuations were measured in a specially instrumented horizontal pipe and elbow system on a test set-up using water in the Mixing Components Technology Facility. This study is part of a larger program which is studying the influence of thermal buoyancy on general reactor component performance. This paper discusses the influence of pipe flow generated thermal oscillations on the structured thermal stresses induced in the pipe walls.

Although linear induction accelerators (LIAs) are quite reliable by most standards, they are limited in repeating rate, average power, and reliability because the final stage of energy delivery is based on spark gap performance. In addition, they have a low duty factor of operation. To provide a higher burst rate and greater reliability, the researchers used new technology to develop a magnetic pulse compression scheme that eliminates all spark gaps and exceeds requirements. The paper describes the scheme. The magnetic drive system can be tailored to drive induction cells from a few kA to over 10 kA at 500 kV, with average beam power levels in the megawatts. This new 5-MeV, 2.5-kA LIA under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will be used for the development of high brightness sources and will provide a test bed for the new technology, which should lead to LIAs that surpass the radio frequency linacs for efficiency and reliability, as well as fit other industrial applications, such as sewage sterilization.

Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS) is one of the few really new approaches to microbial identification to have come into existence in the past several decades. The CIDS spectra can be measured as a function of wavelength, scattering angle, and/or matrix element, and a number of matrix elements can be measured virtually simultaneously. This panoply of measurements potentially gives the method resolving power for microbial identification. Some representative data taken over the past couple of years on CIDS spectra of several anti-viral vaccines is presented. 17 references; 9 figures.

We have studied the initial stages of oxidation, the segregation of phosphorus, and the effect of phosphorus on oxidation of the Si(111) 7 x 7 surface using optical second-harmonic generation. We have also observed a (..sqrt..3 x ..sqrt..3)R30/sup 0/ LEED pattern for P on Si(111).

Calculation of the neutron multiplication factor at delayed criticality may be necessary for benchmarking calculations but it may not be sufficient. The use of subcritical experiments to benchmark criticality safety calculations could result in substantial savings in fuel material costs for experiments. In some cases subcritical configurations could be used to benchmark calculations where sufficient fuel to achieve delayed criticality is not available. By performing a variety of measurements with subcritical configurations, much detailed information can be obtained which can be compared directly with calculations. This paper discusses several measurements that can be performed with subcritical assemblies and presents examples that include comparisons between calculation and experiment where possible. Where not, examples from critical experiments have been used but the measurement methods could also be used for subcritical experiments.

Over the last years, a large amount of heavy ion fusion data has been collected for energies around and well below the Coulomb barrier. As to their theoretical interpretation, the state of the art may be summarized as follows: for lighter systems, roughly Z/sub 1/Z/sub 2/ less than or equal to 80, a description of fusion as penetration through a one-dimensional, more or less standard potential barrier yields a satisfactory interpretation of the experimental data. For heavier systems such an attempt fails dramatically, underestimating the sub-barrier data by orders of magnitude. This problem is discussed. 15 references. (WHK)

The expansion of the National Synchrotron Light Source has been funded by the US Department of Energy. The Phase II program consists of both increased conventional facilities and six new beam lines. In this paper, an overview of the six beam lines which will be constructed during Phase II is presented. For five of the lines special radiation sources are necessary and the designs of four of the devices are complete. The relevant parameters of the insertion devices under construction and development are presented.

The functions to be performed by the ATA diagnostic data handling system are discussed. The capabilities of the present data acquisition system (System 0) are presented. The goals for the next generation acquisition system (System 1), currently under design, are discussed. Facilities on the Octopus system for data handling are reviewed. Finally, we discuss what has been learned about diagnostics and computer based data handling during the past year.

An approach is presented for studying the cracking and radioactive release of a reactor containment during severe accidents and extreme environments. The cracking of concrete is modeled as the blunt crack. The initiation and propagation of a crack are determined by using the maximum strength and the J-integral criteria. Furthermore, the extent of cracking is related to the leakage calculation by using a model developed by Rizkalla, Lau and Simmonds. Numerical examples are given for a three-point bending problem and a hypothetical case of a concrete containment structure subjected to high internal pressure during an accident.

Sensitivity analysis of practical problems can be performed systematically and very efficiently by using adjoint functions. In areas of interest to nuclear reactors, this efficiency has been amply demonstrated on several widely used codes for neutronics and/or thermal hydraulic calculations. Applications of the adjoint method of sensitivity analysis to models involving phase transitions, where non-differentiability occurs, do not seem to have been reported to date. The purpose of this paper is to report results from a successful adjoint sensitivity analysis of a space- and time-dependent system where phase transition occurs due to boiling. The specific model chosen for this analysis is a simplified but representative model of a BWR pump-trip-type accident. This model is of particular importance to BWR safety, since pump failure is one of the most limiting hypothetical accidents in BWR's. This model simulates an exponential flow decay of initially subcooled FREON-114 flowing through a heated channel and undergoing boiling transition.

Over the years the study of the confinement of high temperature plasma in magnetic mirror systems has presented researchers with many unusual physics problems. Many of these issues are by now understood theoretically and documented experimentally. With the advent of the tandem mirror idea, some new issues have emerged and are now under intensive study. These include: (1) the generation and control of ambipolar confining potentials and their effect on axial confinement and, (2) the combined influence of nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields (used to ensure MHD stability) and electric magnetic particle drifts on radial transport. Physics considerations associated with these two categories of issues will be reviewed, including concepts for the control of radial transport, under study or proposed.