The National Synchrotron Light Source comprises two high intensity electron storage rings for the generation of intense fluxes of synchrotron radiation in the vuv wavelength domain (700 MeV e/sup -/ ring) and in the x-ray wavelength domain (2.5 GeV e/sup -/ ring). A description is presented of the basic facility and the characteristics of the synchrotron radiation sources. The present plans for specific beam lines will be enumerated and the planned use of beam wigglers and undulators will be discussed.

An investigation was performed to assess the effects of scale in a reduced-scale integral test facility designed to simulate the response of a commercial four-loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) during a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The facility considered in the investigation was the Loss-of-Fluid Test (LOFT) system, which simulates the principal physical features of a PWR, but has only one-fiftieth of the fluid volume. LOFT experimental data and data from comparable Semiscale Mod-1 and Mod-3 tests were used to assess the influences of component scaling characteristics on LOFT performance during a 200% cold leg break LOCA simulation.

Many installations used during the early days of the United States atomic energy program have been released in recent years for unrestricted private uses. These installations include lands and buildings used for the storage of radioactive wastes resulting from refining and processing of uranium and thorium. Waste management practices at these sites in the 1940's and 1950's were not conducted with today's emphasis on as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA) principles. Consequently, many of these older waste storage areas are contaminated with naturally occurring radionuclides in concentrations which are orders of magnitude greater than those found ordinarily in the earth's crust. current and potential elevated human exposures at fifteen of these sites are due primarily to radon daughters and external-gamma radiation. A wide variety of exposure conditions may be found at these sites - ranging from slightly above background to more than thirty times the guidelines recommended for the public. Remedial actions are contemplated for a number of these sites where contamination levels or radiaion exposures exceed current guidelines.

The development of a geothermal fluid, from its origin as meteoric water precipitating on the earth's surface, as it flows through the soils and rocks of geological formations, to the point where it returns to the surface as a hot spring, geyser, well, etc. is traced. Water of magmatic origin is also included. The tendency of these hydrothermal fluids to form scales by precipitation of a portion of their dissolved solids is noted. A discussion is presented of types of information required for materials selection for energy systems utilizing geothermal fluids, including pH, temperature, the speciation of the particular geothermal fluid (particularly chloride, sulfide and carbon dioxide content) and various types of corrosive attack on common materials. Specific examplers of materials response to geothermal fluid are given.

System studies have vividly shown that economic fusion power can only be achieved from the use of long lived components. Lifetime goals of 90 MW-yr/m/sup 2/ for a tokamak based power plant should be established. The stresses generated in a first wall module are a complex function of its geometry, the chosen structural material and the tokamak burn cycle characteristics. A formalism based on the foundaion ASME Code Case 1592 has been established. Methods of incorporating some of the changes expected from irradiation are discussed. The cyclic stress pattern imposed by tokamak operation is expected to cause fatigue related properties to govern the life of the structure. Stress assisted bubble growth is suggested as the possible critical mechanism in establishing the stress-to-rupture life of a fusion first wall component.

Beacuse of the wide variations in soil and waste characteristics, the degree of radionuclide retention would be expected to vary; knowledge of that variation may be of value in predicting radionuclde mobility. This report discusses results of investigations of radioactive waste/soil interactions as they relate to radionucldie retention and its variability among soils and radionuclides. In soil column leaching studies, radioactive waste solutions were applied to four different soil types; /sup 241/Am, /sup 88/Y, and /sup 172/Hf were retained in the top four cm of soil with better than 90% retained by a protective surface sand layer. Less than 50% of the /sup 85/Sr, /sup 137/Cs, and /sup 83/Rb was retained by the surface sand. No /sup 88/Y, /sup 172/Hf, /sup 85/Sr, /sup 137/Cs, or /sup 83/Rb was detected by gamma counting in the leachate solutions, however, using a more sensitive analytical technique small amounts of /sup 238/Pu, /sup 239/ /sup 240/Pu and /sup 241/Am were found in leachates from all soils. It appears that release of this small fraction of mobile radionuclide may have a significant long-term impact on the environment. It aslo appears that reliance for attenuation of some radionuclides can not be placed solely on characteristics of …

Information is presented concerning the effects of design parameters for fluidized bed air heaters for gas turbines on the cost-related characteristics of the inbed heat exchanger. An analysis of the pressure drop/heat transfer relations is described and the results and implications for design are presented. According to these results, the cost of the heater for a pressurized, closed-cycle turbine system is likely to exceed that of an open-cycle system in which the compressor discharge pressure is lower. Higher air pressure and higher allowable pressure drop are shown to be effective in lowering the operating temperature of the heat exchanger tubes.

The type of analysis which should be conducted in the selection of the most economical electricity generation capacity expansion plan is discussed. Major points are that scale economies are probably no longer as substantial factor as they were once thought to be. At the same time, the system reliability impact of large generating units is a factor tending to offset any scale economies that might remain. When these two elements were juxtaposed in a composite analysis it was concluded that the system reliability effects of the small unit plan more than offset the somewhat higher capital cost per installed kw. This conclusion was robust to rather substantial changes in capital cost, heat rate and discount rate, the three most important variables in the calculation. It seems clear that utilities should examine the full costs of a variety of different capacity expansion plans.

Recent results from electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) are presented along with even more recently demonstrated photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) which show that these techniques are powerful and insightful probes of atomic and molecular species on surfaces and specifically are very sensitive to hydrogen. As such they are valuable complements to the burgeoning array of electronic probes of surfaces. More importantly, they open the way for a direct study of hydrogen and its singularly important role in surface chemistry. While these techniques are primarily surface probes, it is demonstrated that ion-milling techniques can be used to determine near surface hydrogen profiles.

Laboratory experiments on the thermal interaction of simulated light water reactor (LWR) fuel melts and water are summarized. Their purpose was to investigate the possibility of steam explosions occurring for a range of hypothetical accident conditions. Pressure, temperature, hot liquid motion and cold liquid motion were monitored during the experiments.

The nonlinearities induced by piping constraints are taken into account as generalized pseudo forces on the right-hand side of the governing hydamic equilibrium equations. Then an existing linear elastic finite element piping code, IPIPE, was modified to permit application of the procedure. This option was inserted such that the analyses could be performed using either the direct integration method or via a modal superposition method, the Newmark-Beta integration procedure being employed in both methods. The modified code was proof tested against several problems taken from the literature or developed with the nonlinear dynamics code OSCIL. The problems included a simple pipe loop, cantilever beam, and lumped mass system subjected to pulsed and periodic forcing functions. The problems were selected to gage the overall accuracy of the method and to insure that it properly predicted the jump phenomena accociated with nonlinear systems. Implementation of the method was found to be straightforward with the simplest iteration procedure for the psuedo force vector sufficing. The results predicted with the method agreed in all important aspects with existing solutions as well as those generated with other methods. As with linear analyses, the modal superposition solution mode was found to be the most efficient, however, …

The feasibility of demountable superconducting magnet systems has been examined in a design study of a DEALS (Demountable Externally Anchored Low Stress) TF magnet for an HFITR (High Field Ignition Test Reactor) Tokamak device. All parts of the system appear feasible, including the demountable superconducting joints. Measurements on small scale prototype joints indicate that movable pressure contact joints exhibit acceptable electrical, mechanical, and cryogenic performance. Such joints permit a relatively simple support structure and are readily demountable. Assembly and disassembly sequences are described whereby any failed portion of the magnet, or any part of the reactor inside the TF coils can be removed and replaced if necessary.

Immobilization of incinerator ash and various noncombustible TRU wastes was investigated. In three different research projects borosilicate glass proved to be the best candidate for TRU waste fixation. This glass has excellent chemical durability, long-term stability in the presence of radiation, and will withstand continuous temperatures up to 400/sup 0/C without devitrification. In addition, wastes prepared in the form of glass will attain densities of approximately 2500 kg/m/sup 3/ (2.5 g/cc). The free forming method of producing glass buttons provides a very simple, consistent, low maintenance way of producing a final waste form for transporting and either retrievable or permanent storage for TRU waste. The vitrification process produces a durable glass from the low density ash generated by the fluidized bed incinerator process and provides volume and weight reductions that are superior to other fixation processes. This results in decreased transportation and storage costs.

A set of prototype, high temperature logging tools (temperature, pressure and flow) were tested successfully to temperatures up to 275/sup 0/C in a Union geothermal well during November 1978 as part of the Geothermal Logging Instrumentation Development Program. This program is being conducted by Sandia Laboratories for the Department of Energy's Division of Geothermal Energy. The progress and plans of this industry based program to develop and apply the high temperature instrumentation technology needed to make reliable geothermal borehole measurements are described. Specifically, this program is upgrading existing sondes for improved high temperature performance, as well as applying new materials (elastomers, polymers, metals and ceramics) and developing component technology such as high temperature cables, cableheads and electronics to make borehole measurements such as formation temperature, flow rate, high resolution pressure and fracture mapping. In order to satisfy critical existing needs, the near term goal is for operation up to 275/sup 0/C and 7000 psi by the end of FY80. The long term goal is for operation up to 350/sup 0/C and 20,000 psi by the end of FY84.

Effective intrusion protection for uninhabited sites scattered widely throughout a large geographic area can be a difficult and expensive proposition. When the sites are important enough to require continuous surveillance, the problem is even worse. Roving patrols are not effective, and conventional alarms don't provide enough information to allow a meaningful response. Television systems have possibilities but also disadvantages: the usual system is both costly and inflexible. This paper describes our solution to the problem: a cost effective instrusion protection system used to simultaneously protect many sites scattered over many square miles, with realtime surveillance from a central point. The system is based on a state-of-the-art FM CATV concept that is capable of providing surveillance for multiple sites, is modular in design for quick setup, flexible, and easily maintained. A electronic motion detector is incorporated for each site under surveillance, with a visual and audible alarm to alert the observer at the central control console. The observer can then bring the intruded site up on a large-screen monitor for detailed assessment. The system is relatively economical as all equipment is commercially available and all installation is straight-forward and follows usual CATV construction practices.

The applicability of madern signal processing techniques to the safeguards problem for a plutonium nitrate storage tank and concentrator is addressed. The techniques involve mathematical modeling, optimal estimation of process variables, and the detection of abnormal changes in these variables due to adversary diversion. The performance of these techniques is preesented for various diversion scenarios.

The status, improvements, and accomplishments of the Monitor remote-handling system previously reported are updated. It also outlines the goals for the future to improve the efficiency and speed of remote-maintenance operations at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF).

Few data exist on Cd metabolism in human beings. In particular, data are needed on the role of parameters such as age, sex, weight, diet, smoking habits, and state of health. Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) provides the only currently available means for measuring in vivo levels of liver and kidney Cd. The method employs an 85 Ci, /sup 235/Pu,Be neutron source and a gamma ray detection system consisting of two Ge(Li) detector. The dose delivered to the liver and left kidney is 666 mrem (detection limit is 1.4 ..mu..g/g Cd in the liver and 2.0 mg Cd for one kidney). Absolute levels of Cd in the kidney and concentrations of Cd in the liver were measured in vivo in twenty healthy adult males using /sup 238/Pu,Be neutron sources. Organ Cd levels of smokers were significantly elevated above those of nonsmokers. Biological half-time for Cd in the body was estimated to be 15.7 yr. Cigarette smoking was estimated to result in the absorption of 1.9 ..mu..g of Cd per pack. No relationship was bound between body stores of Cd (liver and kidney) and Cd or ..beta..-microglobulin levels in urine and blood. Currently the above neutron activation facility is being mounted …

Properties of several room-temperature cavities for standing-wave linear accelerator structures are discussed. In particular, new results related to the disk-and-washer geometry are presented. Extensive calculations using the computer program SUPERFISH have shown that the ..beta.. = 1.0 the effective shunt impedance is at least 20% higher than that of an equivalent LAMPF cavity, while quality factors can be a factor of two higher.

Hour-by-hour computer simulations based on one year of solar radiation and temperature data are used to analyze annual energy savings in thermal storage wall passive designs, both Trombe wall and water wall cases. The calculations are rerun many times changing various parameters one at a time to assess the effect on performance. Parameters analyzed are: night insulation R-value, number of glazings, wall absorptance and emittance, thermal storage capacity, Trombe wall properties and vent area size, additional building mass, and temperature control set points. Calculations are done for eight cities.

At this moment software development is still more of an art than an engineering discipline. Each piece of software is lovingly engineered, nurtured, and presented to the world as a tribute to the writer's skill. When will this change. When will the craftsmanship be removed and the programs be turned out like so many automobiles from an assembly line. Sooner or later it will happen: economic necessities will demand it. With the advent of cheap microcomputers and ever more powerful supercomputers doubling capacity, much more software must be produced. The choices are to double the number of programers, double the efficiency of each programer, or find a way to produce the needed software automatically. Producing software automatically is the only logical choice. How will automatic programing come about. Some of the preliminary actions which need to be done and are being done are to encourage programer plagiarism of existing software through public library mechanisms, produce well understood packages such as compiler automatically, develop languages capable of producing software as output, and learn enough about the whole process of programing to be able to automate it. Clearly, the emphasis must not be on efficiency or size, since ever larger and faster …

Contamination of the water in the ICPP fuel storage basin has occurred and various methods of coping with it have been tried. Ion exchange, first after and then before ground release, was used initially, but it was found necessary to remove the leaking stainless steel fuel in order to lower the radioactivity to approx. 10/sup -3/..mu..Ci/mL

At the Lawrence Livermore Laboraory, major emphasis has been placed upon the development of large, ND:glass laser systems in order to address the basic physics issues associated with light driven fusion targets. A parallel program is directed toward the development of lasers which exhibit higher efficiencies and shorter wavelengths and are thus more suitable as drivers for fusion power plants. This paper discusses the pulse power technology which has been developed to meet the near and far term needs of the laser fusion program at Livermore.

The use of achromat concept (1) to facilitate chromatic corrections in large storage rings is illustrated. The example given in this report is a lattice for a 75 GeV/c ring with six interaction regions having a beta x = 1.6 m, a beta y = 0.1 m and a luminosity of 1.4 10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. The chromatic corrections are done with four families of sextupoles, two for each transverse plane, the strengths of which are determined by the solution of four linear equations in four unknowns. The basic simplicity of the method allows on-line control of the sextupole adjustments.